xt700000150s https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt700000150s/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1924 journals kaes_circulars_001_3_164 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 164 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 164 1924 2014 true xt700000150s section xt700000150s UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
I COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Extension Division
THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director
CIRCULAR NO. 164 `
THE RELATION OF LIVE STOCK
to the
MAINTENANCE OF F ERTILII Y
Lexington, Ky.
March, 1924
Publishotl In oonnoction with the ztisrivtiltmwtl extension work carried
°I1bY CO`0IIC‘I`iltI0I`l of tho Co1lo;;;· of ,\grioulturu, University of Kentucky,
“`*[h the lf. S, 1n~p;n·tm.-nt or ,\;;i·it·ii1tui·t~_ and distrihuted in further-
ance of the work provided for in the Act of Congress of May S, 1914.

 'I
|
A ` ` ‘ .··.· ,...  

 · CIRCULAR NO. 164 '
The Relation of Live Stock to the Maintenance of
Fertility.:‘° _ _
_ By GEORGE ROBERTS 4
TWO SYSTEMS OF FARMING R
lu ·ll~·1i~~ii·;· 1lii< ~:1l·_i··*·1. l >l1ull ]>1`f>l‘<‘f‘ll upon the well
  ¤~—‘ul~li~l;···l llu\i~ iliui l`<*1·1ili1_*.‘ muy l¤¤· lllllllllillllvil liy u syslviu
i·1`·*y···]·;>ii1g‘ uml wil ll`l'ilil|1¤‘!|l wiilmiii 1li~ l`1'€‘·_·<»f1uu11111·u.
'l`li· l.llll}`Sl\’lllS 211%* tl1»·
>ui1&·~;1ium··l_\‘.us1iI`!i¤·i¤·11l »1·».·l< <·l` lllllI·‘l`iil plum l'»»<¤li111l:es1¤¤l1:···· muximimi p1·¤¤li1ul·l·· i·i···i»s.
li` u wil is ·l··Ii··il~111 in uiiy ¤·l`lli¤· mimwulsi1m·¤·ss;11‘ympluiir
‘ uwwtli. ~u·-lx u< liim· uml I’ln··>g»liut·-s. Ili¢·1‘a· i> only one wuy xr:
Mmply il1··111 iu l‘llll1‘l` sy~1¤·m. uml lliui iy·ll\··Ii\1·ii¤·~<. lliwii, l'¤*1i1 {liv wil Iliui Villl lic l‘n’llll`llt‘£l
l»jr1l:l· Iwu syslviiis,
THE TWO SYSTEMS DEFINED
l Sllllll ilvsigiiailv lliv lwu syslviiw "lliw gruin sysiviu" uml
i`¥l1·· li\‘<·—~1·>ys1¤·m_" In u lypivul ;fl'§`lIl system. ;;‘i‘uii1 uml
*<‘<‘l1 1111 l‘11}\11‘1` ‘
1s11-1'10111111- g1-0111111,:111111111-s1-1-11111l1·1·11]1 1s1·111 1'|)1` s1-1-11 :11111 111-- ‘ A
$11-:111- :11111 1-11:111 1-1-1111-111-11. 111 111(` 11\'l`·N111l'1{ S_\'S11‘1I\. 1l\llil11_\` 11111;.- E
11-111-:11 g1-:1111 1s s11111 :11111 1-1-1-1-_1·111111g1-1s1- is 1`1-.1 111- 11s1-11 1·(1I`1I.'11111]1Q_
TI11- 111:111111-1- I)1.1)1111(\l(l 1s 1'(x1111`111*l1 111 1111- s11i1. '1`111-1·1- 111:1_1- 11.- ~ T
1-:11-11111s t‘lI1111)11111111111S 111. 111(` 111-11 $}'$11`111$ 1'1-11111 111:11 111 11-1111-11 :1 I
_ $1112111]1l'111111l'1111l1 111. 1111- 1°1.(1l‘$ is 1.1*11. 111 111:11 111 \\`1111‘1I 111-:11-11 :111 `
1s1`1-11. 11111 11-1- s11:111 1·1111s1111-1- 1-:11-11 :1s 111-11111-11 ::11111-1-. \\·111°11 1111-11- ‘
:11-1- 1111111-1-s1111111. :111 1111111-1-s1:11111111g 111. :111_1 1--111111111:1111111s (I1} 111-- A 1
111-0 S1-::11-111s is: 1-:1sy.
I s11:111 1111111 111*1 1lS1‘ (11. 111;:11111-1- 111 1111- 111-1--s1111·1< s_1-s11·111 111 ' _
11-11:11 1-:111 111* 111-1111111-1-11 11_1- 1‘\`1x11111g,. 1111` 1‘1'1lI)< g-1-1111-11 1111 1111* 111111· 1
1-11111:11 1.111'll1. T11 111111-1- \\·111'l1$. 1111- 11-1-11111u- 111* I)111'1'1111\1`11 1."1'11*
11-111 11111 111- 1-1.111s1111-1-1-11. 1·(1l` 1`1-1-11111_1- u-:11111-11 1111 11111- 1`:11-111 1,1.11111 _
V 111011:11-11111111-1·11:1s1-111`1-1-11s1sl11s1 11-11111 :1:1111111'1` 1-ZlI`1l1, '1`111-111-:--~ ]
11s1s:1p11111·:11111-11-111111111 1ll_1ll1'}'11111I1‘ 1-i11'lIl s1-11E11u- 11-1-11 111-111-1111-11
Ol11}' g-1-:1111 1s $(,1111 :11111 $111.11('1l`111 1-1-s111111-s :11111 l1.;'111111*< :11-1- 11s--11. g
T111s 111-1-1-s~11:111-s 111:11 1111- 1`:11-1111-1- 11-1111 111l}`$ g-1-:1111 1`111- 11-1-11111:
sh:111 111-1111111 1- 111s 1111-11 11:11- :11111 1`(111;:`1111}.1·11. 1\s :1 10:1111-1- 111 1`:1··1. 1
_ Ol11}’ :111-1111 211 111-1- 1-1-111 01 1111- 1-111-11 g’I'11\\`l1 111 1111s 1-11111111-1 1s _
sl1111p1-11111111111111-1-11111111 111 11.1111*11 11 1s g-1-11-.1-1-1. :11111 11l111'1l111.111;11
1s 11s1.-11 111 1111,* 1111111s11-11-s :11111 1-111' 1111111:111 1111111.
T11 111:11111:1111 111-111111(°11\'(l11I`$$ 111- 1111* 11$¢\ 111 ]1111·1'1111$1`|1 1.1`\‘11* -
1s 1101151 (1121 1`21l`1ll1‘1'·S :11111111- :1s :1 1>111`11·11°1` 111 1I1i111l1il11l 111-1111111·-
111-1-11css 1111 :1 s1·11-1111111- 11:1s1s. 11 1s:11111-:1s111-1-111`111s:1111111_1-11111111-
19-011:1:111 111-1- $1111.‘1{ :11111 :=1-11 1111- :1111111:11s :11 :; l11'11111.
COMPARISON OF THE TWO SYSTEMS
1. O1: ]:(l:<1·.§ 0f C1-0p Y1'1-{ds.
T11 11111101s 1111-1-1- 1s :1 1:11-;-1- 1111111111·1- 111` $1111 1-1111-1-11111-111 111-1·1<
11-1111:11 11:11-1- 111-1-11 1111111-1- 11-:11- 1`1-11111 1.11111' 10 1l1Il1‘11‘1‘1l 1-1-:11-s. 1111
11-1111-11 1110 g1-:1111 S}'S1(‘1l1 :11111 1111- 11\'<‘-S111(‘1( >x_1-s11-111 1Ii1\'1’ 111-1-11
(5(11l1])2l1‘(‘1T. T111- 1-01:1111111 usr-11 111 1-:11-11 ('21S1‘ 1s 1*11I`1l: 11:11s, 1'1|)\'1‘1`
:11111 11-110:11. T11 1110 511-:1111 S}'S11‘l11: 1111- 1-111-11s1:111lll 1h1*<·shi11g thc seed nrc rct111·110d to thc i
lll; A giiil, Thv g1*11111 21111l s1·<·¤l ;11·<· sold,
* ln l1l¢* liw stewk systviii, ull thi- <·1·<»ps 21l'C l1{l1‘\’1'S1('(1 and HP0
  {wl (il` iisvill for |»1·1l¤li11;:, cx1.·<·]11. .1111: 11‘l1¢·:1t grain. (mc mix
of 111z111111·1· 15 1*<·1111*11<·1l in the soil i<»1* 1·;1¤·l1 11111 of p1*0<.l11<:0 1*0-
H m1i1·1·1l_ This is z1l»<»111 1h¤~ 11111·»11111 <»1` 111e1i1111*¢· 111211; (*2111 hu saved
In hl 1h·· lwst 1·&l1'Ill ]1I'&l1'1lN, ulihn llll<1U1' i·u1*1z1i11 ideal <;om.li1i011s
IW 111<»1·1· 111:1)* he sgivwl.
hi, .\%i1112l\'l‘I`i1;I1‘ <»l` 1h1·yi1·hls 1·l'0lll 15 iichls where il s11*11·1 00111-
pe11·is1»1i n1. the 11111 systwiiis is 1>us>il»lv, *.1*1*- gut the 1i()l1(1\\`1l1g 1*0- ·
l" s11l1s:
li- ———~»--V     —— —·~`—·—~i#
·»l< `(`1>1·11. bus. Outs, bus. Wlwzxt, bus.
1111   . .. . 1 . . "WM;
mi- lI1('I`£‘Z1S•· {OT I1l11I11lI`<‘ i11 liw smc}; ` i I
1°"1 sys11·111 . .... .   .... . ..,. . .... . ,... 53 1 4.3 1 2,6
·‘·1. TIICYUZISQ? for !`<‘S11l1l•*S i11 ;.:1*;1i11 `  
hg : uml 1 1
i` 1>l1<>sp11:11e in Iive—s1m·k S}'Sl(’Il1 11.6   9.5 E S.9
lI]('1`1*(`1$(* for rwsirliims, 1i1111—st0110 l 1
mi uml [ll1OFDl1{1IO in :1*11111 SXSIPIII .. 1-4.3% 1 11).2   S.S
`
* I
lik 11 will iw 1101i1·¤·il 1h;11 \\`ll(‘l'<* liimi uml pl10spi1;11i·;11*¤· 11111 used
mk 1111* 1·1‘<»p im·1*0;1s1·s 111*1- Q‘l`(‘il11'l‘ i11 1h1· 11\'1‘—S11`>1‘l{ system. 111:11 is.
M} 11’l11·1*1· lll£1llll1'(‘ is usuil; hut \\`1l1'l`0 li1m—s1S}11lOl'll$. tho $1112111. z111°?C1S
*11111 }'1l‘1l1N. 11111 Sllll‘(‘ tho 111;111111*o 1s;1]»pl11·1l 111 1‘Ul`ll. by 1111* 111119
nn 1111* \\`111‘11l. the l`<1111·1l1 1·1·np in 1'(\1il1ll1Il_ ;11>p0z11*s, thv ]\11OS[1llO1`llS
wi? 11115 111*1*11 liirgvly 11s1·1l 1111, Tho 1li1l\·1*c111·0 111 1`l‘1\ll`ll of 111105-
1;*51 ll11111‘\1s 111 1';1\Il1* nl` tho liv1·»s1111·l{ S)'S11‘ll1 z1111<1111i1s to 11ll‘ t:11~1>1i1· in 10 l()() pmimls of ;11—i1l 1l1l(l$1lilil1(`ll(\l'1l(4l`(\ 111 1`0111‘
Ll; }`*'€l1`f..1\'<11*1l1 21110111. .75 io $1.00, 111] 2llll<1llll1 so s111;1ll 111211. 11 is
l1<‘¥l1g1l.>lc iii vlimisiiig the system mic p1·cl`e1·s to follow.
* s . · .

 1
· ‘
‘ 6 I1'11111111-/.-1; (`1`1‘1·11I111· N11. IUI  
2. 011 Basis of I’11111{ ['v(}(}11 [1,1/l()`l1(1[.
11111110 Q'l`&l11l S}'S11‘1ll 11ll`l‘l‘-1`l>lll'11lS 111` 1h1- 11111;1ssi11111 1-1-111111-111
by 1110 01-ops 11111)* 111- 1.(`1111-11lA(1 i11 1h1-1·1-1111 1'|`*1(1111`<, 11-11111- 111 · 1_1-
111*0-$11101; S}`S11‘lll 1111-1-0-1`11111·1hs 111- 111111-1- lll&!_\' 111- 1-1-1111*1-1-1-11 ill 1 ~
1111111111-0 1f 111-11111-1-ly s11x-011. S111l'(` s11ils 111 1his S11l1l‘ |‘|1!l1;`
V 12`tl‘Q.’C 211111111111s 111 1111111ssi11111 1111l1 si111·1· s11.·h 1111-011- illll<1llll1> 11111_1 `1
1`O1lll`1lCL1 111 0111l1‘1' $y$1(`111.1111$ is 11111 il 1111··s1i1111 111, ~1·1-i1111~  
001-11. This is s1111s1111111:111-11 hy 1111111(`1.(Y11$ 1-11111-1-11111-111s 111 111 1- js
SL‘L‘1101l$ of 1110 S1111l\. \\'1l11‘1l 11111*1- El1\\'£l}’< \1l¤1\\`ll 111111- 111- 1111 Q;. `
011*2150 fof 1110 11s0 111 l11111lssi11111 1`1-I‘111i.41·1-s. j
As 1111·l`Z111}V S11Q,`L{`L‘$1l‘11. 1110 1·hi1-1` 111·11l1l1·111 1·1-1111·1·s 1111 1h1-  
111111 of 11111-110-1-11 111 1111- s11i1. 11l’1 ll` 1·1111~11l1·1- 11111-11;-1-11 111   »
, 01-1111 )*11-111s 111 1110 1'1>1-1-g11i11g- 1·11111111111_ 11-l1i1·h 111-1- ;111111·111_i111;11.1`;· 1
as 111111111-sz
N1t1‘Og011 (iI`i\1ll 11111111}:11:1
C01-11, 51) 1111. 1101- uci-0 .,.....,.... T11- lhs. 21. 1115.
Oats, 50 1111. 1101- 2lCI`l* .,_.., . ,,.,. 2::1 lhs. 111 lhs.
\\`l10z11. 25 hu. 1101- 111-1-1- ,,,. .. ZK11 lhs. lit lhs,
C101-01-. 2 1011s 1101- 111-1-0 .. .,._, >~·1 lhs.
T0121l ...,......,...,_.,.._....,.,..,,,,1,_... 1111 ll1:<. l*1ll> lilfl lhs » : 132 11*;.
Ill 1110 g'1'2l11l S}'S1l‘lll. lilii 111111111ls 111. 11111-11;;-.-11 -.·11111l1l l1»· 1-1--
tl1I‘11L‘L1. 111 1h1- 11\'1‘-S1(>('1{ S}'>11‘lll. il` 1111* >1l`;l\\' is 11\1`\1 1111- 11  
(1111g 111111 1110 0111-11. 1:111-11 >;111x*1-1-.  0110 11111 111 11-1-11 (111$1(`11(1 111` lil 11111s 111 l 11111 (11. 1`·-1-1.
1110111;-111-s1 1111ssil1ili1y 1. 1111‘ll. i11s11-1111 (11. 171) 111111111ls111` 11111-1121-11
1-1-1111-111-11. 11*1- 11*1111111 11111*1- 1311 111111111Is 1-1-1111-111-1l. \‘1`1111'1l 11i1§ll1*`l-`
to 110 21110111 1111- 2llll1)1lll1 1-s1i1111111-11 111 111- 1'l`1111'111`l1 111 1h1- 01-111:1
sy-s11-111. This 1s 111 111-1-1111101 \\`111l 1h1- 1-1111111 yi1·l1ls i11 1h1- 11 1
sysfcms 111 *1111- llli1111is (‘X[l(‘l`1lll(‘Il1% \\'1l(‘l'<‘ 111111- 1111(1 11h11s11h1111-
211-0 us01i121111l11i11-11;;-1-11 1)(‘1'11lll1‘S11l<‘('I`1111‘Z11 11111111 1'11111\ 1·2ll'1111'.i1,1l1‘
` HSSll1'll]>110ll 111 il 1-1-11111*1-1-_y 111' 1111`|`(‘·1i()111'111\ 111` 1l11- 11111‘<1!·*11 1*1
1 ·.J..1.

 l1’1 /11/1`1111 11f I.1`1·c Sli/('L` /11 I/11* .1[111`11{11111111~c nf I·'c1·l1'l[1y 7
1`1·1·1l 111 111** l‘X1'1`|'ll1l‘II1 1111 1111i11111ls is;111]11·11xi111z111·1)' 001*1*1:01 \\'1lC11
H1,1.11111 1112111 iI\'l‘1'21;I1‘ 111. 1111 1'liI>N*'% 111111 ugcs 111 1.Z1I'111Z1Il111]211S. 1
lll 111 1—1111··1· $§r.\l"1I1 >111111· 11i11·11;1·11 will he pmvidenl 111 thc
  Q-1111.1.111 111 1·l·11.‘· 1* 1111* _1‘1·:11‘ }Il'il11l is l1il1'\'1‘>1<"(l 111111 some will be
  111···*.‘i1l1·1l lll 1l11· s1·1·111111 :_['1.U\\'1l1 (I1. 1·l11v1·1· 1l11· 111:xl XUUI`.
1:11.
li   THE VALUE OF ORGANIC MATTER IN THE SOIL
1119; .\1l111!£ll\ 1·X1·1‘1·11·. 1111 1l11· 11\‘1·1·z1g*1·. 111111111 <1111·.11111·d(1f111(; g1--
,11i_ ` g.11·1’· IIl:Il1l`l· lll. 1111* 111*1*11 1·1111~111111·1l. '1`111*1·1·1'111·1; 111 111e gr;1111
»1·—.11·111 111` Z.i11`111l11Ll`. 111111·1· 111*gz111i1· 111:1111*1 1·1111 1112 1·1:1111*11cd111z111i11 `
_ 11.·· 111·1·»s1111111 s_11s11·111. 11111 1 11111111·111111·11111g1·1·c \\`1111 1)1·. '1`11o1·11c
A   111:11 1111111111·1· 1111*1 111l11·1· -11-;!1l1l1(` 111i1111‘l` is \'&1l1121l111f111'1111211`l1}` for
lll 11111 111111.: 1.1*1111 11 1'111ll1Ill1N 11l1··11 11~1~1l 111 21 @111111 1`1112111(Hl. It
lll? 1 `1·1·111s 111 111·· ll{iI1 1111* 1·1·s11l1s \\ill11°11 1 1111\‘1· jllil ]11'1‘$L‘111L‘L1 1111116
1-1121111111% ‘1i1~ 1.1.1*111 1l1(` llli1111is 1·x111-1·11111·111 111*11ls S11l)S121l111211C‘
illls 11·~l11·1'. 111~1·1111s1· ]1l(I1.\x 111*;*111111- ]1121i11'1' w11s 1`(,*1111'l1Ll(`1 111 1111;
Q1`i1111 ~)·~:··111. 'l`111· \`21ll11‘ 111' 1*1.:11111l. 1112111(‘l` 111 111e S1111H$1(1C from
11111 1111111: 1111111 11 I'(|111i111l$. 111·s 1·1111·11y 111 11s 1·11'1·1·1 111111i11111211l111lg
g 11111 ~11·111·1111·1· 111· 11l1ys11·11l 1`1111(1l11(l11 1111110 51111. If Z1 good 1*01:1-
_,__1 11*11 111` 1·1‘1·11s is 11s1·1l \\i111I°l1 i111·l111l1*s 11 1·11`1\‘1*1‘ 1’11‘ grass C1`0]1. good
3 1111. 1·l1jr~i1·z1l 1·111111E111111 will 111* p1·11d11u1*d 11y 1110 1·11111s 111111 $1111.11110 of
11112 \'1`lll1<_ I
11* 1'1·-
1,.1}
hl `'_' A THE CHOICE OF A SYSTEM
1111 111. 1 111 x·11~w 111. 11111 1`111·1·;·11i11g $l[111`11l\`1l1$ 1 \\'1111l11Si1}` 111111 \\`11C11lCI‘
. 1*1** 11111* is 111 lI1I11('11$ g1·11111 111· l1\~\`·N1(Il'1{ 1`111·111i11g will l1c K`l(`1Q1'111111L`£1
1111~~1· l1y1111· 1.|Ill1I\\'11lg ('1111Nlll\‘1'111l1111$;
Z1111lZ`1` __ _ _ _ _ _
\.l`d_ 1. l111· ]>1‘1‘s1111:1l [11‘1*l1*1‘1*111·1* 111 11l\` l111'1111‘1‘ ,l111‘ l11`OK_111C111g CTOPS
l_ym_H 11111)*. 111* 1`111· §.f1`U\\`l11Q 1111111111ls 111 1·11111101·111111 with his crop
www 1`111·111i11g, 1S111111· 111·1111l1- 1111 11111 1ll{1* 111 1·111‘0 1‘111` 1111i11111ls.1
'\__I_;m Y. 'l`l11· 111111111 111' 1l1(‘ 1';11·1111·1· 111 111-111111 111- 11111 live s1111·lc of good
F Wl 1111211111 11lI\1 111 111·11111~1·ly 1.¢\1`11, 1·111·1* 1`111` 1111li dispose of 11. 110
wlmim x 1I-11l·1 l·1~ :1 g·11111l ll11·\-l‘1. 111111 >1*Il1·1‘.
l,·1111h, 11. 1111* 1‘1·l111i1·1* 111·i1·1·s 111` 1;*1*11111 111111 11111 >1(11'l(.
wl U1 J1- \\`l11·1111*1· 11is 1111111 is 1l(l1ll11K`(1 111 Q1'i1l11 lli11'1l1l11§.
· . s

  l  l
t
S Keuluelgu Cireulur N0. 1641
l - 'l`he tirst three puiuts need uu diseussiuu lny the 2l;Il`lllltIlllist_
but the last puint, the adaptaliility ul` the laml, dues ueed dis-
eussiuu.
'1`here is mueh laml iu Keutueky that is tue steep ur relliug
to lie eultivated l`re<;ueutly. Te do su meaus either a great deal ut
- erosion or a great deal et` expense tu prevent ertvsiuu. l·]i·usi·iu
· is without duulit the greatest single eause et` loss l`l't>lll our sails.
lt seems te me that the ratieual methnd ul' preveutiug ernsiuu ·»1`
such lands is tu keep them in grass. 'l`his means the keeping et`
live steek te utilize the grass, aud neeessarily nmler sueh u sys.
tem the erops grown on the farms will, must ul` them. he t'ed.
The farm mauageuieut peuple wuuld hriug up the keeping
of live stoek as a means ul` l»etter distriluitieu uf laller. lt seeuis
t0 me that this question is largely involved iu the questieu ut' rel-
V ative priees of grain uml live steel:. aml l shall make lin atteuip; i
t0 diseuss this feature. althe where lulmr is empluyed fer the
entire year. this is an iniportuut ('t>ll$ltl•\‘l'illltlll.
A p0int that may lie mentioned in favor el` the grain sys-
tem is the smaller amuuut of lahur invulved in returning resi-
° dues than iu hauling manure, if all ereps are t`ed umler euver.
If, however. steel; is fed largely in the lields. ur it erups are l`e·l
down, as in heggiug down eeru. then the statement dues mit ap-
ply. Another point iu favor ut' the grain system is that after
the land is huilt up tn a good state el' fertility, hay may he seltl
part 0f the time. On the Lexington farm we have a rutatiuu el
eoru, soybeaus, wheat uml eluver. ln une pluee iu this rutatieu.
10 t0 12 t0us 0f manure has lieeu applied for earn fur the last
ten years. lu another plaee. the earustallts, wheat st1·aw uml sey—
bean straw are returned. l>ut the elever is removed for hay. lu
· this system. the residues were mit returned fur the tirst tive
yeaiws. The average yield of euru l'ur teu years, l`ull<>wiug manure
is 56 bushels per aere, while felleiwiug residues used as stated
above, the average for the same period is 57 luishels. (ll` eeurse.
this does not prove that the selling ut` hay eau he kept up iu-
_ definitely. llut. there is no falling <>t`l` el` _vields as yet. llut there
is no doubt in my miml that as a praetieal system for the larger
part of Kentucky, live steek is the must prelitalule system, hut
` · ·  

 11.111l1/-1/Il 11/ ].l·l`C ${:11*/.* lo {/1c .1[(ll.ll[(’)1U}lC(} 0fFc1*l1`1[1y 9
11~1. 111~1'111·¤1·1111·1*111;; 11111111 il 111111*1· 11l‘121111‘1l 111s1.·11ss11111 1111111; 11\`(j-$1()(j1{ *
1111- 11-11:111, 1 \\`1>1l 111 11111111 11111 il 1'21>1' 111* 1w11 \\`ll1'1'U 111u11111c1·sys11·111
111 1`:11*111111u 111:1_1* 111: 1)1.111'111'11].
1111! 1111 1111` l1·1*1·l 1:1111ls 111. 1111* S1i111': :1 1`1112l1l11l1111.1j111'11:S11}'l11}211l$:
11111 11-]1.·;11;111111·l111*1·1·111:11* l11· 11s1·1l. :11111 11 >l‘1‘l11$ 111 ll11‘ :1 111*111i1:1l11e 1*11-
*1*111 1:1111111. 1111 1l11· l.1·x111;:11111 1·l1I`lll >11··l1 :1 1·111:1111111 1l21S}`11’1111J¥1 11)l‘
"ll*· 1111· 1:1>1 11*11 }`1‘21|N 2111 il\'1'!’21§.!`1‘ 1*1.51 l1l1>l11*l>1111·111‘11, 11} l111$111J1S 111
*1**1 >11_1·111~:111<. 211 l111>ll1'lS 111. \\-111.111 :11111 -}.3175 111111111ls 111 1'11)\'Q1` 11:11*.
L! *-*1 1’1··1111-1·l_1* 11~1··1 11115 1*111:1111111 will l<1·1·11 1111 1`1·1*11l11y :1111.1 11l1(}\\’ 1111:
$1* »1~ll111u 111. llil}`, 1111* 1111* 1`11‘11 >11§`111‘£!ll S1l'i1\\' is 1*u1111*111.·11, :11111 wu- -
>11l1·1*:1l1l1· ll1`>1-}'1‘ElI' g1‘()\\·1l1 111. 1·l111*1·1· :11111 s1·1·111111 1‘1'(111 :11*u 11:11
111111; 1111 1111' u1*1111111l. :1> w1·l1 :1s 1111- 1‘11l`ll¤1i1ll{$ :11111 \\`111*&11 >1l`i1\\`. _\L
*11111* 31)1· 11··1*1111~111·l 1111* 1*111*11. $2.1111 111·1* l111>1l1`1 1111* s11yl11.·:111s. $1.23 11e1*
lI`1‘l· l111~l.1·l 1.111` wl11·:11. :11111 $12.1111 1I1‘l` 11111 1·111` l1;l_\`r 1111* g1·11>» 1·1_·1111·11
*111111 111·1· ;11·1·.· 111·1· 1·1·:11· \l.~11111l1 111* $31.1111. \\v1l11411 1> 111.11l111l11}v ]l111l`U 111:111
lll! I 11111~1 1`:11·1111·1·s g1·1 (1111 111·1ll1‘ll` 1:11111 1111 1l11· :1v1=1*:1g1·.
111 il 111l1111'1'11*\\~11(‘111‘l'111\·(`1` 1*111;:111111 :11 (11'(‘(°11\'1lll‘. wu 11:1vc
sy<- 11:111 1111) 111ll11w111g* 1*1·s11l1s:*
I‘1’sl- .-`.n,.22.2... .. M. rrrr 2..(77_._..Y.1 
.1\‘1‘1‘.   ;   Q 1 {  
*1111     ?   7  
i 1111-   .i   .1 . 2 Q
11`W E 7 E `   5 7
$11111 —71  
11101 N11 11*1·:111111·111 ..   ....... .. .. . ..... 424 6.7 1 727
mm. 'l`1*11:111·11 \\'11ll l1111··s111111· :11111 1 1
hm 111111s;111:111» ____ _ ____. _ __._ _ _. _____ _ _..._ 11111:1 l 24,11 ` :3360
s11\‘- f--- -—- - - rrrr - -—-—- -- -— -»- ·——:   --~ - --———- -W--(———
. 111 11111llS 1‘£1`€\‘ 11lll}' 11l11‘111·S1‘\`1‘ll 1‘l'1111S111 1·l111*1*1*w:1sl1~1`1 1111 1110
1111 1411111. 'l`l11· \\`ll1‘;l1 >1l';1\\'_ 111*s1 y1—:11*`s ;I1`(1\\‘111 111 1’l11\`1‘1`. 11111:11·1‘11
muy #l111l<< 211111 $1‘1‘11l1(1 1‘I`1111 111. (`1(1\vl\1· w1·1·1— 111e s11111*1·1~ 111 111*g:11111· 111:11-
..1111*11 101*:1111111111·11g*1·11.
111`S1‘. l·`111* 11111 111l1:11·1·11 1.111'1111`1' \\`1111 s111:1ll 21l'1`l‘11Q`1` 111 1:11111. S111'11 :1
11 111- S}'*11'l|l w1111, say. 1‘\`l‘1`_\` 111l1l`I` 1·1111·1~1· 1·1·1111 1111*11111l 1111111·1*. sl11111l11
ll11·1*c 111:11111:1111 y11·l1ls. 1 111:1)* s:1y 111:11 111 1111` (11.l`l‘l1\11l1(` 1—x111*1*11111·11t
ww`? _;THi#-:11l1l1·1·ss l\1l\1llQ' 111·1~11 111;1111· 111 l£122, 11111 1~x111—1*i11111111:1l 3*11111ls l1:1\‘·2
I 11111 Il"1l*1j1'1l l1l`1111Q111 1111 111 111:- :l;111· 11[` 1111s 1111l1l11‘:l111111. 11111 1111 S11 \\`111ll11 NUI
111:111-1*1:111)* 1*11:111;:e 1l11·111. _
. ` \ , 1 _

 l
` 10 11'1a11/111-/ry ('i1·1111l111· N1). I1}!
11il1·a1l0 ull Sllllil lli\’ll an lllll l`{lll‘ 1>l` 100 [11111nds 111·1· ;11·1·1· l1:1~ 11111
i111·1‘1·a1<1*1l lllt‘ yi1~ld 11li t11l1a11·1·11 SlIl*‘1‘ it l11·;a1n 111 l’11ll1111’ 1·l·»1»·1·_
Elllll llilS llll'l.\lil$l`ll 1l11· yi1·ld 11l' \\·ll\`lll Ullly 2.3} l1n~l11-ls 111·1· a11·1···,
111>t1—1:1»11gl1 i11 tlic 1·a1<1· 11|` \\'ll<‘2ll 11111:1y i1s1·11~1. \\'1· 1l·> 11111 lan.1= ,~.·
hown1n1·l11l11~yi1·l1l11·1»11l1l llil\’l* l11*1‘ll i111·1·1-a1s1·1l llil(\l.. Illill l`1»i· il lllllllllll 11l` lim- }`<‘ill`< 1111 1l11· ll1·xing‘11·11 l.ill`Ill.
200 11111111ds nf lllll'2ll1‘ (ll. s1»da1 111~1· 2l&‘l't‘ 1»1·1· y1—:11· ll1l`· l11·1·11 ,i11~t
US cll.1*1·Ii\'1‘ ill i111*1'1*11>il1g' ll11‘ )`l1·l1l ull lll w.1< \\’ll1‘1ll. l‘ll|\'l‘l°, 111-r
(‘llill`ll grass illlll 111l1a11·1·11_ 11’i1l1 :1ll 1·1·1111< 1·1~1111•y1·1l.
;\fllllll$llll‘l'illl<¤ll i11 \‘llll1‘l' >_\'~i<‘lIl. :1l11·1· >1n·;1ly-
lllglllUll1‘L'1‘>f,-
_ lilllllllf 1·l1»y1·1· nf $l>}Ilt‘ laind. amd l¤1·111·1· il` l1‘llLl'lll1‘ll¤‘lll>\\'lll;1` 1l11· 1·l11y1·1·. Fn··l1 il 1· 1111-
ti1111 sl11111ld l‘l`|1\`lll<‘ (’l'(lllS lllill \\`1»l1ly1*·111·. Soil sl11»11ld lllll l11· l1·l`1 \\`lllli>llI il Q`l'l‘<‘ll 1·1·1»11 1»l` ~ >lll·‘
ki11dtln·11tl11·1vi1111·1·t1>s1·1·1‘e1l11~1x1·1»-l`11l1l 11111·111»<1· 11l' lll`(°\-llllilllf
_ \\`2lSlllllg’. llllx g1·1·a111~1·1»\‘1·1l1`11;11 11‘i1n1·1· 1·1·1111~,
s11<;l1 a1s wln :11 a1nd 1·y1·. g1·1·a1tly li(`lllll'\` 1l11· l<’Zl1‘llllIyi` 1»l' lllll`llLl`*`ll
a1ndtl1a1tg1·a1—s111·a11·ti1·a1lly]>1·1~x·1·1111ing.
THE LlVE—STOCK SYSTEM
lt is $Ulli1‘lllll(‘S sa1id ll1a1l. tl11~ liy1·»sl1>1·l< >}'>l1‘lIl is l11~l11·1‘
lllérlll tll(l {.§1`illll $}'$ll`lll lll‘l'2lllS(‘ llllll`l‘ l.l‘l`llll‘ ll\'l‘*\llN’l{ lA2ll`lllf€ illill
S(}(}ll lllilll glillll fill'lllS. 'l`l1is is §;'l‘Ill‘l'2lll}' 1l11· l’2l>l`. l`1·1· lll¤‘ l'·‘1l·
4 5011 that ‘1l111 Qllllll l·2lI'lIll‘1' llSll2lll_\' will 11111 1·1*1111·11 liis 1·1·l·l(‘ll llll‘>` 111·1· 11111·1·l1;1s1·1·s 11l' ll(‘\‘ll. 1l11·
11’1a111111·1· l.l'UlIl \\'lllf'll ll¢*l]>S 111 lllilllllillll l'1·1·lilily. 'l`ll1‘lI a1g·11111.ll1c
K i11l1·lliu‘1:111·c amd 1·a11·1;ll111l 2ll't‘ ll(‘(‘<‘SS$ll'}' ln lllZll(l‘ liv1·s1111·l< il >111*—
1:<·ssl'11l ’1‘1·11l111·1· 1111-1111 ll11· llll\‘l`(‘Sl, Elllll llll(‘lll;_fl‘ll1‘t‘ l11‘1'¤‘S$Zll`}' l**
l kcévp soils l'1·1‘lilc.
. A _'  

 Ifila/(ini of Lira N/m·/r In {ltr Jluin/citrittcc of Fcrtilily 11
M I wish tu wall yrnir att<·ntinn to thr- t`a<·t that most of our A
t·i·. l.£tl`lll•‘l`S in l(t-ntn¤·l<_v art- titan- or lvss liw-st0<·l< l.21l`lllC‘I'S hccansc
I-., a.·;a·ly all <·i·<·;»s art- t`<··l rin tht- t'zn·in. hat tht-y liziw-, in the main,
  l`ail···l tn la···p np tht- ]ll'fItlllt'tl\'t‘l1t*>s at thi- lanil. It is ht-<·ansc
yay that- han: n·»t has···l th•·ii‘ ]n‘a¤·ti><:s npwn thi- p1‘ii1<:iplcs already
.\·,·_ aaai··.l as t·>~•·llti2tl tri ]!I'tltlll<‘tl\'t'lll'>S,
mh \\'};.·a virgin lantls www- hranglit lll1tl(‘l‘ <·nltivati<>n, they were
mt gt-a·~i·all_\· in·¤i·t.- nr l·-ss i»i·<»·lii<·ti\‘c. Altho thc total amount of
in t‘t‘l'!.llll t·l··ni¤·nts was sniall in saint- sails. they pmtliicctl well hc--
t»i·- ··ait~i· tl.·· plant t't»t»il was availahlt-. lit-vanste the soils ]!I‘(1tlll£'Cll. `
wall. th·- l.2ll`llll‘l' uavt- litth· tl1<·ng‘ht tri tht- 1··-tni·n of plant food
ily- tn i···]·la··· what ht- was l‘¢‘l11t•\'lllLI in his t·1·<>ps. llc nt-gl0·tc¤l
ht,. \‘.`lI|t··1't’¤¤\'<‘l` <-1···]>s tn ;>i·t·x‘<·i1t i-i···si<»n antl tht- lt’£ll‘lllll{I of plant
-t\4.· t'.»·».l_ l`hw···i· ht·g·an tn tail. it` h·· ;;1·<-w it at all ll(*l.UI`l_‘. and when
tita- h·· awal;··n···l 1·· tht- ll¢‘·’l‘.—$ll}' nt` llll]l1`4»\`lllQ’ his sail, ht- winltl not
tant g·i···w ··l··x‘·-i· i·n·»nu‘h tn l`nt·nish nitrngvii. nrir <-miltl ht- 1>1`(ltll1t‘C
»»m·· ··n··n:‘li t`--···l tn nialu- t·n¤¤n;h niaiinix- to go vt-ry far in the- pro-
iii-: it-~s ¤·t` 1·»~st·>t‘ati·»n.
I-.,1,. 'l`h·- i'ai·ni·-i· th·-n tni·n¤·tl tt>¤·¤»1tt]rlt*tt- ft-1·tiliz01·s of lnw analy-
wps. i >lst t·xii··i·ting tht-in to snlxx- his tl‘¢llll\l\'S withrint tho in-t·cssai‘y
»g·~n ast-<~t`·»tl1·-1·;·<»<»·l t`ai·ni ]>i·at·tist-s. antl it tank hint a long tintc t0
n·h‘ l··:a·n that this wnnltl not saw hint. ll:l\'lIt;1`1`Cilt‘llt,’tl the llttltlllll
·»t` sail tlt·iih·tit·1i_ tht- way npwaiwl is a lang, hartl ont-, anal thc
I`t'i•llll¤lll\Q` pim-t~ss innst ht- hasttl an snnntl pl`ll1l'lplL*S.
l shall nawtlist·nssin<>1·t- inilt·tailtht-1*t-lationoflivc stock t0
{.tm_ this rt-hniltling pi·t»t·t-ss,
Q tll'i‘
wi`. THE UTILIZATION OF HILL LANDS AND UNPRODUCTIVE LANDS
lN·‘>~ l haw statt-tl that tliort- is nint·h willing land in the SUNG
t-nut'- that shnnltl ht- kt-pt in grass mast ot` tht- tinit-. Tltt-rc is ntuch
<»t` this kintl tit' lantl that has ht-t-n <·nltivatt-tl to tht- point of aban-
· l.\‘l`· Illllt‘lIl anal it has ht-on thiwtwn ont as wastc lantl antl is prac-
, tht- tit-ally wt»t·thlt-ss as naw ntilizt-tl. lt van ht- niath- into tii·st-vlass
'~ the llil~Tlll'<‘s hy ]ii·tipt-1* ll`t‘iltlllt‘lll, 'l`ht- tirst tl't‘1llllll‘lll` it llwtli is
1 saw lini<-st··nt- antl ph<»spliatt-. 'l`lit,-rv art- ct-rtain ]`l‘Q`lOllS in tht- State
YX l" --‘li·-¤··- tht- liint-sttntv pan ht- lt-t`t t»tT_ snt·h as tht- littn-stnnv liillS
nt` ll<>l'lllt‘l'll Kt-ntnt-l\'¤‘l`»
. Sweet clover hay, 1020 ..._ Failure .... . ........ $1****0 1hS.
l
Soybean hay,* 15120 ____,,.,__ 1_;To lbs_ __,_______   32.ooo lhs.
`
Corn. 1921 ....................,....... 10 luis. ......,....,.. til luis.
The only return of organic niattcr nnulc during this ]·ct·i..tl
was one crop of clover straw in 1917. 'l`he following case will
show the cttect of returning niauurc in connection with the usc
of linie acid phosphate.
In another experiment. on this saute lieltl in 1021. (S tons ·»t`
manure on a clover sod with litncstonc and acid pluispliatc lll£l•lt‘
71 bushels of corn per acre. against ll) hushcls tier acre on the
' untreated land. V
At 1·`ariston in Laurel conutv, ou land thai. untreated. lizis
7 · .
made an average of 12 hushels of corn per acre since lillli. and
where clover is a total 1’:iilurc, we have niade a iirst—class pastiitr
of sweet clover and orchard grass during; this period with one
. treatinent of litncstonc and acid pliositluite. Un lands in tiravcs
county, }lc(lraclll, lllCI`C is 110 eseape from the C011·
}hl_>_ t·lasio11 that lllll(‘SlUll(' a11d phosphate are IlO(!CSS?lI'}' for the huild·
` __l· iu; lll} of the soil to a high state of produetiou, 21l1(l that it eau
11ot he tlUlll’ with lIl2lllll]`t‘ ()Ill_\' i11 tl1e amounts that ea11 he pro-
dueed has heeu proved. lu some regions where limestoue eauuot.
mlm l1t·llSt‘tl exeept at great expeiise, mueh lieadway may he made hy
the use ol`pl1ospl1&tle_ hut lllIlt‘ will llfll permit lll(' to go i11t0 de- ‘
0 tail i11 this. llll.t>1`lIl2lll()ll is availahle for those who desire it. 011
`l""' some types of soil, roelc phosphate is almost fullilliug tl1e fuuc-
ti·»11 for hoth limestoue illlll phosphate. Wheu lllllt‘$lOllC‘ aud
F- phosphate have hee11 used, ouly the fou11datio11 has l)t‘Cl1 laid for
ill"; huildiug the soil.
,l\\`. .
THE USE OF MANURE AND THE MAINTENANCE OF NITROGEN
_ llow. theu. shall tl1e lllillllll`0 produeed hy feeding live
i steel: he used for iuereasiug produetiveuessl
(me thiue is sure tllltl that is that the rotation must. have
euouglt legumes i11 it so that lllt‘ reeovery of nitrogen from them
  will otfset lllt‘ uitrogeii that eau lltlt he reeovered from the 11011-
"l`l"‘·l legame erops. whether i11 tl1e graiu system or lll tl1e live—stoel<
` llilll » systeiu.
C lh" lf. for example. a rotatiou witl1o11t a legume i11 it were
[I1'<1\\`Il. as l‘(¥l`ll. wheat a11d timothy. Zllltl all the crops were fed
as et` with llt‘l`l.t‘¤‘l saving of mauure. it would Iltll Illtlllllillll the uitro.
iuade gen supply. These erops get all of their uitrogen from tl1e soil
11 the tllltl at hest ouly llll‘(‘t‘—ll(1lll`ll1S of uitrogeu i11 the feed ea11 he re-
eevered i11 the iuauure. lf a rotation of eeru, wheat aud elover
l. has - were growu. lllltl all erops were harvested Illltl 110 mauure re-
, and tarued, the soil eould llt>l' he huilt lll) to a high state of fertility.
stare altho the elover would preve11t its going: haekward so rapidly or
tt one to as low level as witl1o11t it. (`oru illltl wheat get all of tl1ei1·
l‘2l\`l`$ Nll1'4>;‘<‘11 from the soil, (`lover does uot get all of its 11il1‘0Q‘t‘11
·re 111 llfhlll llle air, Neither is the tiitrogeit it gets from llle ill1' Sl0I`0tl
iteaas. entirely i11 the roots or i11 the soil, hut it is distrihuted fairly _

 a
‘ 1-L l\r(`Il[I(('l¤`_'/ ('irrullzr Xu. IUI
nniforinly tlirnont llw vnliro plainl. root annl iop. 'l`li·· nssiiiilp,
tion. faiirly wull snpporl¤·¤l l»y 1li¤·¤·xpi·i·ini¤~i1l. is llnn \li·· l··gnei_
will tailw froin tliv soil wliail nilroptrn it is :nl¤i·· lo lnrnisli ;l;_§
will ilrnw npon tlw aiir l`or lliv ri·niziin·l¤·r ol` iis i·¤·»n1i1···;n»¤,;,
_ Of conrsv lliis sl;n·~nn·nl pri·snpposi·s inounlznion xxilli 1li•· i.i*:·-
_ gcii—g·;iil1i~1·iii;· Ul`Q`Lllll>lllS. A\¤·¤·oriling In llopl;ins_ li~;nm.·\  
lziin, on iln-;iw1·;igi—. nluoni