xt71rn303t79 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt71rn303t79/data/mets.xml The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc. 1942 bulletins  English The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Frontier Nursing Service Quarterly Bulletins The Quarterly Bulletin of The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc., Vol. 18, No. 1, Summer 1942 text The Quarterly Bulletin of The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc., Vol. 18, No. 1, Summer 1942 1942 2014 true xt71rn303t79 section xt71rn303t79 O
The Quarterly Bulletm
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The Fr011t1er·Nurs111g Serv1ce, Inc.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
 
; 1 VOLUME 18 SUMMER, 1942 NUMBER 1
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STONE STEPS AT \\'l·ZN1)0\'ER    
THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN of THE FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE, Inc. '
Published Quarterly by the Frontier Nursing Service, Lexington, Ky. 'J
Subscription Price $1.00 Per Year I' I
— I
VOLUME 18 SUIWMER, 1942 NUMBER 1    
  I
"Entered as second class matter June 30, 1926, at the Post Office at Lexington, Ky.,    
. under Act of March 3, 1879."   `
Copyright 1942 Frontier Nursing Service, Inc. _ I
I
AN INDEX IS ON PAGE 2 I 1
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 - INDEX Q
  n 
ARTICLE AUTHOR ' PAGE  
Annual Report of the Frontier l.
Nursing Service, Inc. 3  
Baby in a Tide (illustrated) G, M, Pcqccclc 25 xi 
Beyond The Mountains 57 2
Couriers’ Catalogue Two Junior Couriers 21  
Field Notes (illustrated) 63  
Grandfather’s Errand Catherine Uhl 19  
Map of F. N. S. Country Center Pages  
Message from Singapore Squadron Leader Creed 23  
Mountain Woman in Straw Hat L  
(photograph) E. Anderson 37 3
Old Courier News (illustrated) I 28 _  
Old Staff News 40  
Our "Property" (Illustrated) 36  
Possum Bend Nursing Center  
(photograph) Inside Back Cover  
Stone Steps at Wendover R. G. Spurling  
(photograph) Inside Front Cover  
To Our Horses (illustrated poem) ° Rose Evan.; 1 n  
‘ BRIEF BITS  
After Ten Years Alan Ross 22  é
An Airman and Wild Geese The Countryman 35-  
Born Soldiers May Be Taught to Read Louisville Courier-Journal 56  
Christmas Bulletin Subscriptions 22  
Directions for Shipping 74 gi
Just Jokes, Socially Speaking 27  
Just Jokes, Talking of Food 20  
The Training Ground of the Family The Christian News-Letter 18  i T
W&1‘·Tim€ Babies New York Herald—Tr*ibune 22  
 'ri
 xi
j  li

   Fnonrina Nunsmo smavicm A a
1  i
{  I
  HIFNER AND FORTUNE _
¤,·  CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
  LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY
  To the Officers and Trustees,
  Frontier Nursing Service, Incorporated,
  Lexington, Kentucky.
  Ladies and Gentlemen:
  We have made a detailed examination of your records and
3 accounts for the fiscal year ended April 30th, 1942, with the
_   result as disclosed on the annexed Exhibits and supporting
  Schedules.
  Endowment and Memorial Funds, both principal and income,
jg were certified to us by the various Trustees therefor.
  Contributions and gifts, in cash, have been checked against
;- the Treasurer’s receipts and reports and traced into the bank.
  All disbursements have been verified by means of canceled
  checks and supporting vouchers, and the bank accounts have
 ’ been reconciled and found correct.
i  In our opinion all monies have been duly and properly ac-
·_  counted for.
  Respectfully submitted,
  (Signed) HIFNER AND FORTUNE
  Certified Public Accountants.
  Lexington, Kentucky,
s . May Twenty—second,
  Nineteen Forty-two.
 C;

 . 4 T1-1E QUARTERLY BULLETIN
. ANNUAL REPORT  
of the  
‘ FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE, Inc. gi
May 1, 1941, to April 30, 1942
PREEACE `  
The Frontier Nursing Service was midway in its seven- i
teenth fiscal year when our country entered the war. The Ser- ‘
. vice, which had opened its gates for study and observation to _
people from every continent, and drawn its staff from all over 1
the Anglo-Saxon world, has been called upon to loan many of  
its workers back to every fighting front except the Russian, and ?
we wish we had nurses there too. On the other hand, the Service q
has received new workers, and kept many of its ablest people, j
because of its proven value to rural mothers and children in  
war as in peace. j
The military calls upon the medical profession have drasti-  
cally reduced the number of doctors available to women in child- l
birth, young children, and the civilian sick of all ages. In re-  
motely rural areas there never were enough doctors to attend Q
the women in childbirth. Now that we are at war, the need for  
the nurse-midwife is poignant. Without her the remotely rural  
mother faces her battlefield of childbirth with no skilled care. i
Through its Graduate School, the Frontier Nursing Service  
is training nurses in midwifery to care for the rural mother. i
This School, opened in the Autumn of 1939 to meet the drain Q
of the battle of Britain on our own Anglo-American staff, has i
now become of national significance. Our work is listed as "in  
the national defense/’ as we discovered when we applied this l
Spring for permission to get materials to rebuild a structure,  
essential to our work, which had burned. In our Graduate l ,
" School we no longer give training in midwifery to meet our own `  
needs only. We began during this past fiscal year to train grad-
uate nurses sent us on Federal scholarships for service in other  
remotely rural areas. As more and more doctors are called into A3
s
. il
i
  .1

 1 FRONTIER NURSING snnvxcm 5
  the armed forces, it becomes urgent for us to increase the num-
  ber of nurses we can qualify as midwives. To do this we will
{ have to enlarge the maternity section of our Hospital. At pres-
  ent we cannot begin to meet the demand. Of one thing we are
· sure. If it is our lot in this war to fill more and more of the
gaps left in rural areas by the departure of physicians, then the
  ways and means of doing so will come to us.
a · I W `
  FISCAL REPORT
4 The fiscal statements in this annual report are taken from
I the exhibits and schedules of the audit, which was duly made
_ by Hifner and Fortune, certified public accountants; and the
1 figures in the report of operations are supplied by the statistical
i department of the Frontier Nursing Service.
E We received this year from all sources, including donations
Q and subscriptions, nursing, medical and hospital fees, invest-
j ment income, sales of books, revenue from the Wendover Post
K Oflice, benefits, and fees for speaking engagements, and fire in-
  surance on the old Garden House, a total for running expenses,
, new construction, retirement of debt, and new endowment, of
I $176,14839.
i The total number of subscribers to the Frontier Nursing
Q Service during the year was 3,187, the largest number we have
  ever had. Total gifts and contributions were $109,800.86, inclu-
i sive of $2,661.48 from the Alpha Omicron Pi National Sorority
i and chapters for Social Service. Included in this total also is
  $18,549.00, which represents gifts made up to May lst for the
g rebuilding and re-equipment of the Garden House. Additional
{ gifts have been made tothjs fund since the close of the fiscal
  year. The house will be finished and occupied in early autumn,
  and a complete report will be printed in the Autumn issue of
F the Quarterly Bulletin.
` Our grateful thanks are due the chairmen and members of .
l   several Frontier Nursing Service Committees for benefits and
1   special appeals, by means of which they raised funds during the
past year. The total sum received from benefits was $5,520.69.
  Of this sum $2,856.36 represents the Frontier Nursing Service
Q share of the receipts from the Bargain Box in New York.
2
 
.-1 i
\"

 i
- 6 THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN i
Other sources of revenue during the past year have been I
as follows: .
Fees from Nursing Centers ...........................................A...... $ 3,292.71  _
Medical Fees .......,.....,......................................,.............,......r.. 2,050.99   V
Hospital Fees ...l..........,_,.,........_.,...__....__,_,._..._.._.,,l................. 1,124.97  
, Wendover Post Omce ............,................................................. 810.56 _
Investment Income .........................................._....................,.. 11,889.99 * _
1 Federal Scholarships for Frontier Graduate School of ·‘ 
‘ Midwifery ......................,................................................. 1,600.00 ,
4 ENDOWMENT . :
The Frontier Nursing Service received $34,748.17 in new  
I · endowments during the past iiscal year. Our late Trustee and l
. . . . L
l National Chairman, Mrs. S. Thruston Ballard of Louisville, Ken- p
tucky, left us securities to the value of $32,226.30 in her will. I
. This, added to the $53,024.53 she gave in her lifetime, makes a  
total of $85,250.83 for the Mary Ballard Morton Memorial en- 1
dowment of the Hyden Hospital. Included in the endowments {
received during the year is also $1,500.00 from the late Mrs. l
I Marie L. Willard of Rochester, New York towards an endow— ;,
ment on the Margaret Durbin Harper Memorial Center at Bowl- 1
ingtown. This estate is not yet settled and there will be a further t.
payment on this legacy during the current fiscal year. Included  
further in the total of $34,748.17 of new endowment is a gift i{
from Miss Matilda E. Hume of Washington, D. C. in securities  
to the value of $1,021.87 as the nucleus of an endowment the l
income from which will be used eventually for the training of ?
_ graduate Indian nurses in midwifery. i
' The total endowment funds of the Service up to date are  
taken from Exhibit A of the audit and are as follows: °¥
I Joan Glancy Memorial ........................................................ $ 5,000.00 ,·
Mary Ballard Morton Memorial ........................................ 85,250.83  J
Jessie Preston Draper Memorial Fund No. 1 ............,..... 15,000.00 ( 
Jessie Preston Draper Memorial Fund No. 2 .................. 50,000.00  
Belle Barrett Hughitt Memorial ........................................ 15,000.00 7
Isabella George Jeffcott Memorial .................................... 2,500.00 ·
Bettie Starks Rodes Memorial .........................................._, 5,000.00 g
Matilda E. Hume Fund ...................................................,.... 1,021.87 ·
Marion E. Taylor Memorial ................................................ 10,000.00
Fanny Norris Fund ....................................................,...,..._. 10,000.00 I
Marie L. Willard Legacy ...................................................... 1,500.00
Anonymous Fund .................................................................. 102,400.00 ,
- Total ................................................................................ $302,672.70 J
Note: Under the will of Nelson Fant of Flemingsburg. Kentucky, who
died in 1934. the Service was left a substantial residuary bequest J
as a memorial to his son William Nelson Fant, payable upon the —
death of his widow. Mrs. Fant died December 9, 1941. When the 6
estate is settled the Fant Memorial will be added to our endow- l
inent funds, but the amount is not determinable at the present .
ime.  
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1 FRONTIER Nunsme smnvrcm · 7
1 CASH IN BANKS n
The current accounts and salaries of the Service were paid
" A up in full at the close of the fiscal year, and the cash on hand in
  3 ‘ banks and petty cash funds was $21,400.62, of which, however,
.  · · the greater part is money for construction and equipment of
{  the new Garden House and not for a drawing account.
g INDEBTEDNESS
  The Frontier Nursing Service owes $10,000.00 left from a 4
j total of $50,000.00 loaned by its Trustees during 1930-1932, to
F enable us to tide over that difficult period. The Service is also
f indebted to the older members of its staff for the sum of
? $14,993.35, representing the amount, on a two-thirds basis, of
i unpaid salaries during the same years of adjustment and reduc-
f tion. This sum is reduced annually and has been reduced by
lg $2,662.20 during the past year.
* REAL ESTATE, BUILDINGS, AND EQUIPMENT
i` (From Exhibit C of the Audit)
  The Frontier Nursing Service owns realty, equipment, and
g livestock conservatively estimated by our auditors, after adjust-
  ments in values have been written down or up, at $240,043.72,
{ all without lien.
·1 INVENTORY
q An inventory is taken every spring of the property of the
  Service. Among its major holdings are the following:
  Hyden
fi A stone Hospital one wing of which is the Mary Ballard
Q Morton Memorial, one wing the Mary Parker Gill Memorial, and
i, a frame Annex, Memorial to "Jacky" Rousmaniere; Joy House,
5E home of the Medical Director; Aunt Hattie’s Oak Barn, gift of
_  · Mrs. Henry Alvah Strong; the Midwives’ Quarters for the Fron-
  tier Graduate School of Midwifery; water tank; two tenants’
{ cottages; and out buildings such as garages, work shop, pig
,, ` house, forge, engine house, fire hose house, and the Wee Stone
P  House.
. S Wendover
 _ Three log houses, as follows: the Old House ("in memory
 .  of Breckie and Polly"), the older Cabin, the Ruth Draper Cabin;
¥ 
 
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. 8 THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN A {
the new Garden House (now under construction); Aunt Jane’s  
Log Barn (gift of the late Mrs. Anson Maltby) ; numerous  
smaller adjacent buildings such as the Upper and Lower Shelf,  (
heifer barn, horse hospital barn, tool house, chicken houses,  
forge, apple house, smoke house, engine house, fire hose houses, (
, water tanks, and the new Pebble Work Shop. j
Georgia Wright Clearing  
A caretaker’s cottage and barns; a tenant cabin; extensive  
  pasture land for horses and cows; a bull’s barn and stockade.  
i Jessie Preston Draper Memorial Nursing Center  
(Beech Fork; Post Oflice, Asher, Leslie County) ,
Frame building and oak barn; water tank and engine house; Q
fenced acreage for pasture and gardens; deep well. §
Frances Bolton Nursing Center* i
(Possum Bend; Post Onice, Confluence, Leslie County) i
, Frame building and oak barn; pump and tank; fenced acre-  
age for pasture and gardens; deep well. S
’ Clara Ford Nursing Center
(Red Bird River; Post Office, Peabody, Clay County) ‘
Log building and oak barn; engine house and nre hose T
house; deep well; tank; fenced acreage for pasture and gardens.  
Caroline Butler Atwood Memorial Nursing Center _,
(Flat Creek; Post Office, Creekville, Clay County)  
Frame building and oak barn; tank and fire hose house;  
‘ walled-in spring; fenced acreage for pasture and gardens.  
i Belle Barrett Hughitt Memorial Nursing Center
(Bullskin Creek; Post Oflice, Brutus, Clay County)
Frame building and oak barn; tank; fire hose house; walled- '
in spring; fenced acreage for pasture and gardens. `,
Margaret Durbin Harper Memorial Nursing Center g
(Post Office, Bowlingtown, Perry County) »
” Frame building and oak barn; tank; fire hose house; walled-  
in spring; fenced acreage for pasture and gardens. °
· Subsidiary Clinics  
· Five small clinic buildings on the following streams: Bull »`‘_
Creek, Stinnett, Grassy Branch, Hell-for-Certain Creek, and the L l
Nancy O’Driscol1 Memorial on Cutshin Creek.
' A picture of this nursing center is on the inside back cover of the Bulletin. ,
la  
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  FRONTIER NURSING snavicm 9
  . Livestock
  Twenty-eight horses; one mule; seventeen cows; ten heif-
§ ers; one calf; one registered Jersey bull, "Elmendorf Frontiers-
  man"; over four hundred chickens; and four pigs (two barrows
(_ and two spayed sows).
  Equipment
{ Equipment includes: three old Ford cars (two Model A’s
  for district use); one Ford station-wagon-ambulance; tanks;
Q engines; pumps; farm implements; plumbers’ tools; fifty pairs _
  of saddle bags; saddles; bridles; halters; hospital and dispensary
  supplies and hospital and household furnishings in twenty build-
  ings variously located in a seven-hundred-square-mile area.
i
§ _ n
{ REPORT OF OPERATIONS
  HYDEN HOSPITAL
The Frontier Nursing Service Hospital at Hyden has 18
beds and 9 bassinets. It is staffed entirely by graduate nurses.
~ The Superintendent, Miss Vanda Summers, and the head of the
ji Maternity Division, Miss Helen Edith Browne, are graduate
3 midwives as well as registered nurses. The Medical Director,
` ‘ Dr. John H. Kooser, whose residence is in the Hospital grounds,
  carries the medical work of the Hospital and minor surgery.
  He also carries on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday huge out-
;  patient clinics with the assistance of two clinic nurses. These
J nurses help in laboratory procedures and in X—ray.
The Hospital admits every type of illness, medical and sur-
* gical, except mental cases, communicable disease and tubercu-
`  losis, for which we have as yet (unfortunately) no provision.
y It has an obstetrical division, a blood plasma bank and a large
  modern X-ray machine.
i Our major surgery is handled by Dr. R. L. Collins of Hazard
  assisted by Dr. J. E. Hagan, with surgical clinics given us during
Q_ the year by eminent men from outside the mountains. During
LQ the past fiscal year, Dr. F. W. Urton of Louisville again spent
j ·p three days with us, assisted for anaesthetics by Dr. Dougal M.
Dollar, for his regular annual tonsillectomy clinic. For our
special gynecological-surgical clinic we were so fortunate as to
. have the services of Dr. Arthur B. McGraw of Detroit and Dr.
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‘ 10 THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN {
Francis Massie of Lexington for several days. The services of  
all these brilliant surgeons is given us gratuitously. Dr. Collins  
has been coming over to Hyden on our general surgical and  V.
emergency calls, with no cost to us, at all hours of the day and  
night over a period of many years. Until the highway was com- 4 _
· pleted he had to make the twenty-iive-mile ride on horseback,  ~i
- and sometimes his horse had to swim the Middle Fork of the  
, Kentucky River to get him to us.  
During the past fiscal year the Hyden Hospital was occu-  
, pied 6,641 days by 713 patients with a daily average of 18.2  
4 patients. Put into plain English this means that the Hospital ll
has been desperately overcrowded a good part of the year. Of  
the 713 patients, 361 were adults of whom 221 were obstetrical il
patients. The Hospital cared for 352 children of whom 142 were  
newborn. It is difficult for us to compute exactly the cost to us ’
per patient-day, because when our Hospital Superintendent re- i
quisitions the orders for supplies she includes in her requisition ,
those relayed over to all of our outpost station clinics, and sup-  
plied to the sixteen district nurses, and the graduate students  
of the midwifery school for their saddle-bags. However, if we  
take the figure for running the Hospital from Schedule B-4 of  
the audit which is $18,890.52 (after deducting board of resi- i  
dents) and add to that figure a proper ratio of the total cost of ..
hospital and dispensary supplies and then add the proportionate Q
, costs for medical services which cover of course our whole area,  
T we figure that $25,000.00 covers approximately the cost of run-  
ning the Hospital. This would work out at a cost per patient- Q?
day of $3.76. fil
Our charges are $1.00 a day for adults other than obstet- rf
rical patients and that is as much as 95% of our patients can  
pay. Even so, this charge is usually met by the labor of a mem-  
ber of the family, or is paid in produce. For our obstetrical pa-  
tients there is a flat charge of $5.00 which covers their delivery _{`*
and entire stay in the Hospital. There is no Hospital charge Y
_ made for children but not infrequently the grateful parents ,
make a donation to the Hospital. of whatever they can afford, fi
or make a present of produce and supplies. In the case of twin (
babies (Enos and Eva) brought to us years ago by a man from ;
outside our territory whose wife had died of childbed fever, the  
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{ father brought a cow with his babies to stay at the Hospital as
  long as they did.
 I At the Medical Director’s clinics in the outpatient depart-
  ment of the Hospital there was a total of 5,863 visits paid during
1 _ the past fiscal year.
V DISTRICTS
  In the 13 districts carried by the Frontier Nursing Service
  from the Hospital, Wendover, and 6 outpost stations, we at-
  tended 8,706 people in 1,794 families. Of these 4,982 were chil-
  dren, including 2,314 babies and toddlers. Beside nursing care
li was given to 2,142 sick people on the districts, of whom 28 died.
  The district nurses paid 19,400 visits and received 27,116 visits ·
  at the nursing centers and at their subsidiary clinics. In addition 4
  to this, we held 163 special field clinics, with an attendance of
i 4,495 people. At the request of the State Board of Health, the
L Frontier Nursing Service gave 5,227 inoculations and vaccines
  against typhoid, diphtheria, smallpox et cetera, and sent 1,980
  specimens for analysis.
  This part of our report has reference to general- district
  nursing only and does not include the midwifery carried day and
  night by the nurse-midwives. The figures for midwifery are
  covered under the following section.
j MIDWIFERY
  Registered Cases
  The Frontier Nursing Service admitted 434 new antepartum
S patients to its regular midwifery service and closed out 386
i* mothers after postpartum care. The Service delivered 396 pa-
· tients, thus making this past year the fifth consecutive year in
  which regular deliveries have been well over "a baby a day."
  Of the 396 women delivered, 310 were delivered in their
  own homes—257 by graduate nurse-midwives, 52 by pupil mid-
_:% wives, and 1 by the Medical Director. The remaining 86 were \
* delivered in the Hyden Hospital—19 by graduate nurse-mid-
_ wives, 63 by pupil midwives, and 4 by the Medical Director. In
ja all cases delivered by the pupil midwives (graduate nurses) the
_ pupils were under the direct supervision of graduate nurse-mid-
wives. Of the five cases delivered by the Medical Director, one
  was that of a breech with extended legs, one was a caesarean p
\  

 . 12 THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN  
section, _and the other three were cases in which forceps had i
to be applied. . ,.
Of the 396 women delivered 5 miscarried. Five of the  
women were delivered of twins. There were 380 babies born at  
full term; 16 prematurely; 11 were stillborn. There were no  
maternal deaths.  
El116I‘g`Bl1Cy Cases  F,
· The Frontier Nursing Service was called in for 31 emer- `
gency deliveries by patients who had not been seen during their  
pregnancy and had received no prenatal care. Of these 31  
` women, 14 were brought to the Hyden Hospital and 17 were  
attended in their own homes. Thirteen of the women in this  
emergency group called in the nurse-midwife because of mis- V
carriages. Two of these miscarriages were handled by the Medi- €
cal Director and for one of the remaining 18 women he had to `
use forceps. Of the babies born to the remaining 18 women, 14  
were born at full term, 2 were stillborn, and 4 were live, pre-  
mature babies. The pupil midwives delivered 8 of these emer-  
gency cases, under the supervision of their instructors. The  
remaining 20 were delivered by the graduate nurse-midwives.  
There were no maternal deaths.  
Outside-Area Cases iz
The Frontier Nursing Service delivered 51 mothers who f
came from outside its territory. Of these, 47 were delivered in *
l the Hyden Hospital and 4 in homes within our districts where  
the women were visiting. One woman miscarried. One had  
twins. There were 48 full term, live babies; 1 full term, stillborn f
baby; and 2 premature, live babies (the twins). The pupil mid- psl.
wives delivered 28 of the mothers; the Medical Director, 2 (one i
a caesarean section and one a miscarriage); The other 21 women ¥“
were delivered by the graduate nurse-midwives. There were no 1
maternal deaths.  
T