xt722804zq4m https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt722804zq4m/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1936 journals kaes_circulars_286 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 286 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 286 1936 2014 true xt722804zq4m section xt722804zq4m J
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““““‘ UNI ERSI OF KEN TUCK
· 1`€1lIiS
ymmt COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Pm"€ . . . .
· » Extenswn Division
ciihu
THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director
aars oi
,» [hm] CIRCULAR NO. 286
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’ V EWES FOR COMMERCIAL FLOCKS
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M . Lexington, Ky.
ich 1hc
‘ September, 1936
;1cti11ii·~ V M_
;_ Thr  V
[ll>lV1ll# V Mmiiilnlislieql in connection with the agricultural extension work carried on by co—oper-
;_ TINY I A¤riCL1(U.LAlC Coucgii Of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, with the U. S. Depurt,ment of
V V   ine, and distributed in furtherance of the work provided for in the Act. of Con-
4»(IlllU· V gp55 of May BV 1914-
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Fig. 2. A flock of Western ewes and their lambs in u Kentucky pasture. Note qual- n I _
ity of the lambs in foreground. _ K mu
. other
Q ol` cw:
. one is
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Fig. 3. The Western ewes at the top me from the ngck which produced the 14******* hr W
bottom. M9
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. N

   CIRCULAR NO. 286
y Ewes for Commercial Flocks
`i By RICHARD C. MILLER
Z-? The ideal ewe [lock for commercial lamb production in lien-
M it tacky should be composed of ewes that, when bred to good, pure-
  9 bred rains, will produce lambs that can be made ready in 100 to
_ Q  , l2U days, for an early market. These ewes should also yield at
I  N least 8 pounds ol` good, marketable wool per head. Such ewes
  { should possess those qualities ol` hardiness and lleeciness that adapt
   i them to Kentucky conditions. They should have early»breediug
YL; j tendencies, good milking qualities and enuf size, constitution and
I  V huune to do well the job [or which they are intended. They should
M W1. A he sound in mouth and udder, thrifty, and |`ree from loot trouble or
 _V other disease or unsoundness. There are two ways to get the kind
V oleutes that will prove most profitable under Kentucky conditions;
one is to save early ewe lambs sired by rams of the larger, heavier-
  . lleeeed breeds and, preferably, Ollt ol` close. heavy—Heeced ewes: the
V  . V other, and usually the more practical, is to buy western range ewes
`  il  ii   ol a desirable type.
`Vj·»‘ ,— RANGE EWES
  TTIGSC are ewes produced under western range conditions. olten
  ` l`@l€|`1`eeS. blt!
   V lll€ ])l`l|l(`l|)2ll loundation blood ol all western range sheep is Rilltr
  i'`’ httttillet. hlerint) bltmtl is used to some extent, [)l`lIlCl])illl§' lll I!
  [ew counties ot tl1e eastern range section ol` Texas. The breeding
  i ii V Ullimge ewes varies lirmn purebred Ranibouillet to as high IIS SC\’€|l·
‘   erghts niutton breeding. Outside ol the {ew Texas counties and
if V the Navajo Indian Reservation in Arizona, New Mexico and Utah.
  lhc $llUC|> oil Texas and the southwest are practically [Jlll`elJt`Ctl RZUW
  l)l’lllllCl. Range sheep slygng ln nlutton l)lt)t)(l 1ll`e li0llIl(l lllU$lll' lll
  » the northern range states.
ilmlklg IH\§"l"l!"’Wilt'} Tv/Je. hlany range ewes ol the l{(l]lll)<>lllVllCl l}']11‘
V · iten used by larniers in Kentucky and other native-laiub
{   l\`ll(“l`(T they have usually given a gnotl aticottnt ol` ll1VeIl1S<’l\`l`$-
_V 4 are very hardy, are comparatively free from parasites when
lnonght tlirect lroni the r·nt1<¤·t· the e·trlv-breediug instinct is strouv-
* ¤ -· · , rs - · · ¤

 ` 4 Kmzlzrc/ry Extension Circular N0. 286
y ly pronotrnced ar1d tl1e milking qualites are fail`; blll these ewcyrlr,  ° r
s
1 not produce so high a percentage of la1nbs as do ewes strorrgin JV
r _ _ 1
~ mutton blood. About o11e lamb a cwe lor the hrst year 15 all rim  
‘ can be expected; later, it is possible to average ll(l to l25 1:1111115 rr, .   _“
l IOO ewes and, by careful culling. to get a Hock that produces almrrr  
i as many lanrbs, on the average, as some Hoeks of native ewes. Ther 1  
ewes should shear [rom 8 to l0 pounds of wool of hall`-blood guile  
or better. l he ra11ge Rambourllet ewes ot tl1e large, tzorrrpzrrarirelt , rjjiég
. V . _ ry ;¤  ,
smooth-bodied type, when crossed on tl1e right type ol purelrrru 1 $·.;§$w,.
. . , ’4il$·;:‘)§
rams ol the ]lllllL()ll breeds, produce satrslactory market lzrmlrr. s  
. . . . . . Nr"’J
il 111s type ol ewe 1S prelerred by marry l2ll`lllCl`S who make rerrlnrt- i I
ments by keeping ewe lambs. j
  Ii»A       l   ’    A   J M J  4
      .....   ,., .. ”· 1 ···~ s ¢=— ‘‘·‘   ~»··»- *   ···i/··· ·‘ ,  
  y N   .I‘§%*’I’ _   *2 wlls ru “_ :00** ` { _ Q     *‘*:.·; V
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          ‘
¤..· ..<‘f’r>~;  .» st .~»F~-·wz—·r<·.;si·. i,.;~—f7$2·;·...:~·.r.;—:.~..» .»» .,s.—~:·»1·!.-~¤ .~. ‘—  
Fig. 4. Lambs by Southdown rains, out of Rambcuillet range ewes. `  
. lt is important that the [eet of these sheep be trimmed l\\'lr*ll mg y
three times during the year. \*Vhrle on the range, tl1e leet rrwltll l“"°“‘
worn dow11. Under farm conditions, the hoof has a te11t`t>\Vll"’  
Hl0LlC)'~l`2t(ieSllll`CS, Ull the Rztnrhottillet range ewes_ Snlliolk I‘il1lb¥ll° r  
_ _ . , gah
used to some exter1t and these ewes run lrom one-hall to ith !1¤2l¤—" » n  
· — - . . - ··'h   .
SC\’Cll·€lglllllS lllllllwll l)l()(r(l. Lwes of {hrs type llhlldlll WN I n y;
arotttrd WU pounds as yearlings, in Inly or ,\ngnSr_ l)nr1lt·1‘el¤r[>l'“" y`  
it l`2lLllCl` lillge sheep. They are more prolifig and are st>!ll¤"‘4h‘h · L-Qt `, 
' l V ' I q (»b{
better llllll—lCl`S than the ewes that have a larger anrotllll UI RMU  i ,(_ **
. , . . . _ r‘ i .¤‘ r
hourllet blood. lhey have enul Rzrrnlyynrller, however. ltr ttl? ,·   
. . · 11   ‘- A
\llClll l2\1l`l}' Cilfly bl€€d€t"S. Tlrese sheep (lr) ln;] shear so llllllhwil  1 FI
mid ill`C DOE SO llZ1I”dy OI` $0 long lryed ng eweg (yl the RI1I1|l)"mlr`   Harm;]

 , " 5’ V .
— Ezues for Commercial Flogks 5 I
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;‘ -   " 5   wc " $1,1.1 1 ‘ , §;»;¤~i:1***&—'V?·¢g1;#·*·;..»1i§¢+: · 1 .  1 1· w’V'“i··. ~ ‘  . w)£»»*»“¤ 1.
]'lllll)`. ‘~$°°&>?=’@‘i .;*~1&     ~·’ " $¢ ·V#<"’ 1.*%*-1 ·· ·»·:1»;;*,#·~V1.1·*m'¢ ·:—» V ·:’=<@M~3
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F1g. 5. Rambumllet range ewes.
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(I um 111 F. .  '
um_t¤E· 6. First. crpss ewes by a Ryeland ram, and out of Rambouillet range ewes sim-
MC my 0 those shown 111 Fng, 5.
(lCIl(\' m  
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“l)11lliHH I ilarli;,gh7’ First cross PWGS by il Dorset, YHH] and out of Rambouillct 1'2l1lgC cwcs sim—
mc $h0\\‘11 in Fig. 5. V

 ` 6 Iierzlurr/cy Extension Circular No. 286
type but ure very good in these 1‘Csp€ctS; IHUCTI b€ltCl`, in li1iet,1]r;m ~ Rim
most types of natives. . him
i Lmigwool Rmnlmui/le! Type. The second general opp .,l ¤l`€T
T ll()l`lilCl`l1 Hinge CWC is that liiwillg i<)l]g·\\’()()i Hlllttoil blood iu. _ il ht
stead ot Hznnpsliire or Suliolk. These ewes ure the result ol trim- . .
ing Lincoln or Cotswold zind, in some eases, Romney 1`ZllllS()lllilt
Y rv . W 5
  i,.   , _,, .:i_ A , , t .   ,v.v,.. i   .       »»;.. T -.    " , A *
..       gr   · IU  `   ~ ; . _ I  i v -M ,   V?-lv l,  ·  s  >__> ._ ; q,/ _  V K
‘_   ji   H -     -=..‘—·» *   ` .
 ~. .;¤__ Qé_,§*gv.jg§.g6;gg°, -·i   * 9* T~*·?'
*""‘ s   ·i· . y .¤   *·  r `»·  i   { `¤‘ [hm
. ’   V V  ·    ’ V » _ T Jl, i     V.  Y  ,. r.-,_ ‘  Z -.;    ii All
rm by 4, { ov iw A `=*" V  ,. -· V  I nig 2 4   ‘  j 751* »
n   .4   .., »   .r.   ,   . 5, H .      be;  rr.: ..;: ·g ,
  C .#<~·,·¤»‘%?*>¥¤   . »        »< l  ;  l‘  ‘ .
  . r    gsi;    f’€;f»:~;=?,s%&;¢;# ‘  ;.,, ¤     2.  . ;   
Fig. 9. Lambs out of Western ewes similar to those shown in Fig. 8 and by Sumi-
down rams.  r
ii';
é"!- ··‘ "’ T`   *<· w. \ v` jjj
1*   .\»’/ \¤~'j T M
..._,_r '   gv  
ansi _ 1* » .g=·/#»¤* 1***; ,·
¤—•n ` Q. _   »  C QM    ‘_r;rt»••>»¤ uri;
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ww  "” T _ {W   ..   ,  I; §. E   eg
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M    y   ·rl  `   “t ’   . !'°r  ¥    ` r» T iz?
We . ». i zi`  ’ °°f  ».l'-.   #7*      rm .. '/`° = ‘ » »: `“ <él  `T   i.·~ .·  °*& . . .  
J ~ i" iii    g, ’¥*,·%#i¤ri'—:,-N: §~ I. .' i”=“’M** i·$-‘ V   ,= , ~£  t ‘ .j._1 2 V yl · -  ·‘*;
, `  _ `.-4._ C)  i.` 4,=_  " ‘ 0  g x _\,, _'tI~_‘ * '-’ * Ii.-,*2 ,Z ' };· "*` * I
  vi l .,1%;.;,;. 5,- ;  y—~_.  ·  . ·_  Nt. xl, I ; F
_  _. .   y Psy . t_¤_;__ _: ;
¤ **}-1   .,»‘ _   ·· , ta.- .··.y .;  » ;
. ;& I `  ,    I {',r‘_-A %k T   , _  i',»'r  r'%‘    ;~
·_ - » · · .»-·· i ». 9}*
Fig. 10. Lambs Out 0f Western ewes similar to those shown in Fig. B mid by     S OY H
shire rams.

 Ewes for Commercial Flocks 7
I [hm Rgmbouillet range ewe. Crossbred rams ol the Corriedale, (jo.
nbia Panama and Romeldale t* es are also used. These ewes
lll 1
UPC Ul ;lr€m01‘€ open fleececl than those ol? the dark-laced type and usually
0'ml my A ljllle larger, but not so coinpactly built, tho there are exceptions,
tl tm- · - - ~ ·
ton the A Q ` \ M p ` { l ·
’ L ‘ l l N,  .   ~. . -,v_ · `~  .
r   V ..-ev      " ‘ * I-    "   if .»   ; '
{ \  V ,,.     ‘  p  V 5,-··;s\ ,5 § (I  ix.)   pk}  Y % ..
‘ t   rt ,.,., ~ —  Yi ··    ·V·-t     [   ··- .y      t ‘ .       ?   .    
  ls e     tl»·            ..       ·¤_,  . =
*   . ya   { O ,.. `   'r;`1i °‘@  _ y vp _ W,
   V.   ` p      i o U ’   J    ` ‘`°· _
   A    _ ’=’‘     `._,`     ‘,·» ‘       _` b Vi"? V » _ ’ _`
  . V:. ?`“` Q I ·*  .v‘ °   .· fl ·., -—e¥> ” . if 2     ».,.,. . Fl . ·
—     ·-l‘ el   ·.=r:`.‘;.¤ J"'   . ;.=r  ·,·=   . . . 3 ` ‘ 5 s
*    ·           ,·..‘ ‘         *  
—         .,_.         .. 1
i i lt`` * all E     »-¢‘   ',,`   ·   ¢l»»» .
’—_ lsv ` ` °·t. ..      ;,  ·3;’:.g_  ie    *~ "¢t~f;.¤a%_A€.Ia;-i_,_»fv  "      ;__   I-
5ll<>“`“ ll l `r` ? i‘  ·. .     . .`    A
*’ °’r€ tx·  *r»i»?¥'*”*" r.·-¢   ..V,·     ' —~ ‘ ``“’` *9•
Fig. 11. Medium-wool Rambouillet type yearlings high in Hampshire blood. Part, of a
flock of 3000 purchased by a Kentucky farmer in Montana.
  When bred to good purebred rams ol the small, more compact
~  ;,.r type, however, they produce very desirable market lambs. The
.   wool yield of these wh1te—laced ewes averages considerably heavier
Qi", . . .
"f than that of ewes ol the medrum-wool Rambouillet l§'])C.
  ` · r· -. l
rl.     » »·>' `* . .*·" 
»$;·.:·;j   y.»‘   t"   ~
    l    fil .'$2;_
 k r. . .k._;_    _._,y_ V .
Q slse V _" {A  __ , ._ WJ
' " V ' ¤  or -;" 
  ...t. **%*4   a l ~ ·   '
" ~ . · I . — n 4 .
                  .:iu·:i!!! i .   i     T`;
NW _     ,_:    T _VV%_   yy A A V h     \\ . W} 2
\\\ .2..i      xv  I-  l i     ié`1`r.;', y   ` . \ \\ I it _Q ` p `
  . ’·*é may     _;g/  ~E[r.·;_*,;.`   T     - ` Mi? 
V'-}     H I. `D 4  N   V      _,   i{~_¤\ . ·· · `-: `  LA   ·  
· 7} ea . _..·=j~·».•¤ {lx e  ` · Myra   ·  ·.   -j:_»  1 ._} _·  
" -— :z`*¤.       '· `·       `: ‘ .  
·»‘·· Jl     s,   1 ’ f_`\i» ;v ‘ ·
l ‘ #°i£?*  "   { J Y.? ‘ -..·`·   °   .·». ..   1 '
' _ A. _ ’£ QV·é6;_:f'i?.·;Y,`=;§y.·§~E`{Y         ‘ ` Z!   V   "i       _ —  
r " . sm   -.*.$4*
stand adverse conditions better than "native" sheep, breed earlier _, lllml
than most "natives," cause less trouble in lambing and yield three “"’°l*
tt. Your pounds more wool than the average Kentucky clip. \\'lrt·ir lllll ll
such ewes can be had lor little more than the price ol` choite all- 'l`l
pound lambs, it seems more prolitable, in the end, to sell all tlrt~ ll‘lll$‘
ewe lambs and buy westerns. \\i'hile some larmers may not like Rlllllll
them at lirst because they do not present, the well-rounded, det·]»— Mlflll
bodied appearance ol` some “natiyes," most ol those who have trial ‘l" [lll
range ewes preler them to any other kind, [or commercial laarlr · l’l`i'f`ll`
production. Olllll
tleyelt
NATIVE EWES iyegtcy
Sheep produced in this country outside ol` the range area are *\‘
known as “natives." The intermingling ol breeds and types lll l""$°l
many sections has resulted in numerous types ol` "native" ell‘l‘~ ll [UU
which make classification impractical except in a general way. liluicll
1)/ll`/Pl"/I(`(’(] Naliwrs. Dark-l`aced native ewes with Slll`tl[J‘¤lllll`- (wml
lwlatnpshire and ()xl`ord blood predominating are more llll|lll'lllll` mllkc
than any other kind. Such natives, when tln·il`ty and lree llitllll lll
parasites, make desirable breeding ewes l`oi· market lamb l)|`ll(llll' WW
ll<>|l lll Ktflllllliliy. hllosl. ol tltese ewes are mtire prtililic than lllt‘ Il"lll
range ewes and are good milkers tho they are not such early lll`<’l‘ll· llllllllr
ers. lack the hardiness ol` range ewes, wear out [rom one lll lllll`l` lmlllll
years earlier and there will be heavier death losses among lll<`lll~ lmllly
There is much dillerence in the shearing qualities ol these <‘ll‘l"- h°"l'l‘
They do not, as a rule, yield so much wool as the westerll lllllsl _ Tl
ewes or cross-bred natives. ll*'l` l
Cro.r.s‘/ll‘t·rl »\7/lIliY}(?S. Certain types ol` native t-rosshretl elvw ·lll` llllllll
sometimes available in small numbers, The erossbretl ewe lll lll"`l lll°ll`
demand in the native-lamb states is the result ol` mating l`illll* "l `ll"°ll
the nultton breeds on line-wool ewes olf Delgtine or R;rnil>l>llllll`l l’lll`¤l
lblootl. '1`he Dorset (Toss is especially popular, Tliese <°l`lllll$ (lll 7
ripe _ g°"’ll lllllegrass pastures, they presented :1 greatly i1I1pl`f>\'C(l il]ll)C?ll"

 l -
. 10 Kentucky Extension Circular N0. 286
ance. As a type, these sheep have largely disappeared. Only in mu
the more remote sections are typical mountain ewes still found, glnrl  V Em
the number now available is too small to be of much consequentc
as a source of supply for stocker ewes. Variations of the rnounuirr T
ewe resulting from the use of dark-faced rams can be obtained in i  Hm
some sections. They are prolific and heavy milkers and protlna (full
fairly good lambs when bred to the right kind of purebred nnnt lllll
The wool clip, however, is light and the supply of these slieeliiy `_ Um
very limited. fm
lng
Piney lll-’oorI.s· limes. Southern ewes largely of the piney wnntli ‘ Shy
type are sometimes brought into Kentucky. They are small, ill . Um
shaped, seldom shear more than three pounds of wool and areal-
most invariably heavily infested with parasites, especially stonntll
worms. \Vhile probably well suited to the conditions under which
they were developed, these ewes have no place in sheep protlur -
tion in this state. lilll
rat
LATE EWE LAMBS BAD FOR REPLACEMENT  _ Biff]
(1 (
The practice in this State of acquiring ewe flocks by saving lllll lllll
and unthrifty ewe lambs has seriously affected the general qllllllll i llll
of our lambs, as well as the average wool clip per sheep. ilillC*f . llll
late lambs develop into ewes that embody most of the undesiralllt -
` and few of the good characteristics wanted in a breeding Ulll- _ gh,
l.ate-born lambs also lCll(l to transmit the late-breeding clrarauui my
not only do they become ewes that usually breed late thruoul lift. CW
but their ollispring also tend to be late breeders. l·`t1rtl1eI`lllrcClllll! y rrr,
llllllllill. A ll$l
Even if these late, parasite—infested lambs could be tlC\‘<‘l1mcAU·r10Ns TO BE OBSERVED IN BUYING Ewizs
· whith 1
,,-Uttut. . .~\ desirable type of young native ewe is difficult to obtain. Such
ewes, \\'llCll they can be had, usually connnand a better price tl1a11
i range ewes, mainly because the majority of our farmers are 11ot
S\llfl(TlCllllj' actjuainted with the range ewe. ln buying native ewes
older than yearlings, extreme caution must be taken as most of tl1e
nglatt older native ewes that come to this state have been culled on ac»
tjualitt j tottnt of llllS()Ull(lll(fSS or because they have proved unprohtable as
Those l)l`CC(lC1`S.
Eslllllllf Regardless ol` whether westerns or natives are selected. tl1e ewes
g CW Should be well-grown and thrifty. Tl1ey should be deep—bodied,
*l`*“lf'l Witle-l`t2ll1t i11 tl1e ewe as is n1ase11linity in the ram. ljwes with coarse.
lwlllll lillll-lilie features in head and neck should be rejected, as such are
ttsnally poor prodttcers, often fail to breed, illld are generally poor
vt·loj»t·tl milkers and lacking i11 l]l1llCl`I]2ll instinct. The fleece should be
(ost ·¤l liltlie illld even and, where possible, of at least Zlé inches in lCllglll.
l1ct·»¤» (Ioarse, open-lleeced sheep are ll()L suitable to our climate.
Imlll In The l)ll}`Cl` shoultl examine each ewe lll(li\'l(lU2lll}' and rcjetl
lwlwlli I WY lllill show lll]$()Lll](ll]C$$C$ which would allect their llSCfl|lllC$$
llyllilll i il“ l)l`CC
"li `umj j lll*lllllll>f>l`l1llll lor detecting wetllers that l`retjuently get into Ship-
llillljjj l'l<`|¤|%ol'1‘a11ge ewes He glmnltl pay particular £llll.(Tllli()ll lo lllollillj
and ttdder. Bl`<)l(€ll·1]l()Llll1 ewes, Uglll1lll1Cl`S.y Zlll(l "spreaders,

 { .
_ 12 1(evz/z¢ckyEx/ciision Circular N0. 286
while they may be low in price, will prove unprolitable in the etttl_ MH
,~\n ewe older than yearling should be well—developed, showing that we
L she has suckled a lamb. The size of the udder should be unil`ot·m_ mm.
and it should be soft and spongy. Ewes with lumpy or caked udtlett j nod
should be rejected. Yearling ewes sometimes have clipped tit uml
mutilated teats, a result of carelessness in shearing, which wottltl MU
render them unsuitable for breeding. \_ém_
Ewes with undershot or overshot _jaws are occasionally lotmtl A jug.
among both western and native sheep. Such should be rejectetl ill`,]
as they have difliculty in grazing, particularly when the grass it (ml,
short. Ewes older than yearling, when in better condition than the
average, should be looked on with suspicion. The chances are
they are barren or did not suckle a lamb. l
Ewes selected should be of similar type and as uniform as pas- "`$ll
sible in size, conformation and color markings. \t\’hen there is tt · lllll
diversity of type in the ewes, it is impossible to get an even, unifontt llllll
crop of lambs, regardless of the kind of rams used. There is also llllll
an advantage in having the ewes all of the same age; this, however. lll°_
is not always practical, especially if replacements are made by snr- ll' ll
ing ewe lambs. llllll
prof
YOUNG EWES MOST PROFITABLE lll ll
the j
\\t’estern ewes sent to market at five or six years of age |>ecausc ing
they are no longer useful on the range sometimes prove prolitalilc mon
for a number of years on farms where feed is plentiful. i·\s a gcn-
eral rule, however, it is better to buy yearlings than to take (`ll2|ll(U‘
on older ewes. The younger the ewe the longer her period of pitt- I
ductive activity. i~\nnually thousands of ewes that have been cullttl Sho.
from flocks in the native-lamb states are offered for sale in littr [Oui
tucky. These usually prove very disappointing as breeders 1l‘*l‘ Hm
withstanding that they often look good. Even a two-year-old UW mir
must be looked on with suspicion unless it is known that she rilhtll - IWW
a lamb. Such ewes are often on the market beeattse they ditl 11**l lmj
breed as yearlings. l mm
CULLING Hsu:
The farmer with a small flock of sheep should l>ec<>t11t‘ "’  
familiar with them that. he knows each ewe and her 1`<*<"’ll*l ll` ll C, _]v
producer. lf the flock is too large for him to know them intlititl- ‘ll

 Ewes for Commercial Floc/as 13 ·
srrtl. rally ear labels should be used and a careful r