xt72rb6w0x3k https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt72rb6w0x3k/data/mets.xml Kentucky. Department of Education. Kentucky Kentucky. Department of Education. 1944-08 bulletins English Frankford, Ky. : Dept. of Education This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. Educational Bulletin (Frankfort, Ky.) Education -- Kentucky Educational Bulletin (Frankfort, Ky.), "School Bus Insurance", vol. XII, no. 6, August 1944 text
volumes: illustrations 23-28 cm. call numbers 17-ED83 2 and L152 .B35. Educational Bulletin (Frankfort, Ky.), "School Bus Insurance", vol. XII, no. 6, August 1944 1944 1944-08 2022 true xt72rb6w0x3k section xt72rb6w0x3k I

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EDUCATIONAL BULLETIN

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INSURANCE

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Published by

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

JOHN FRED WILLIAMS
Superintendent of Public Instruction

ISSUED MONTHLY

Entered as second-class matter March 21, 1933, at the Post office at
Frankfort, Kentucky, under the Act of August 24, 1912.

Vol. XII 0 August, 1944 0 No.6

FOREWORD

There is presented in Part I of this bulletin regulations and pro-
cedures to be followed by officials of the school districts in securing
school bus insurance as is required and permitted by law. The forms
adopted by the State Board of Education for use in securing this
insurance are shown.

In Part II will be found a statement in tabular form of the
accidents which occurred in the several districts of the state for the
school year 1943-44. I call attention to the summary of detailed
statement which precedes the facts which are presented in tabular
form. This study shows the fault, type and cause of accident. It
indicates that in most cases the cause of the accident was not the fault
of the driver or the pupils being transported. Most of the accidents
occurred on good straight macadam roads where the bus was being
driven at low speed and where the flow of traffic was light to medium.

In Part III will be found detailed information concerning the
number of buses insured, the amount of insurance carried, the
premiums paid and the amount of damages received by each of the
districts which had accidents for the school year 1943-44. The facts
presented here should be of assistance both to boards of education and
the companies carrying the insurance risk.

The materials contained herein were prepared by Gordie Young,
Assistant Superintendent of Public Instruction.

JOHN FRED WILLIAMS
Superintendent Public Instruction

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Part I

SCHOOL BUS INSURANCE

Introduction
The Legislature of Kentucky at its 1940 session passed a law

which gives boards of education authority to set aside funds to pur-
chase liability and indemnity insurance against the negligence of
drivers of school buses operated by the board. This law also provides
that if transportation is let under contract the contract between the
board of education and operator shall require that the contractor
carry indemnity and liability insurance against negligence in such an
amount as the board of education might require and designate. This
law is as follows: »

“Board to Provide for Insurance for School Buses. Each board of
education may set aside funds to provide for liability and indemnity
insurance against the negligence of the drivers or operators of school
buses owned or operated by the board. If the transportation of
pupils is let out under contract, the contract shall require the con-
tractor to carry indemnity or liability insurance against negligence
in such amount as the board designates. In either case the indemnity
bond or insurance policy shall be issued by some surety or insurance
company authorized to transact business in this state, and shall bind
the company to pay any ﬁnal judgment rendered against the insured
for loss or damage to property of any school child or death or injury
of any school child or other person.”

This law was passed because boards of education throughout the
state were being called upon to pay hospital bills and other expenses
that had been incurred by parents as a result of an accident involv—
ing their children while being transported to or from school. Before
this time very little liability and property damage insurance was
carried on school buses either privately or publicly owned. Definite
information is not available as to the number of privately owned
vehicles which carried insurance of this kind before that time. Each
time the question was raised concerning school bus insurance for
publicly owned buses, the Attorney General held that boards of
education could not legally spend funds for such a purpose. This
opinion was based upon the common law rule that school districts
are not liable for injuries sustained while on school premises unless
there is a manifest law making the district boards liable.

Many reasons have been assigned in support of the rule of non-
liability of school districts for negligent acts of their officers and
employees. Of these the most fundamental is that school districts

161

are mere agencies of the state in the performance of governmental
functions. Courts very generally hold to this principle when cases
come before them involving liability of boards when there is no
statute expressly making them liable.

Law Governing Purchase

On June 15, 1943, the Court of Appeals decided the first case

involving this law. This was Kirkpatrick’s Admx. (Bronaugh) v.
Murray, et al., 294 Ky., 715. The Court said:

“The carrying of liability insurance on school buses is an expense ‘

incident to a rational program of school transportation and the re- }

quirement of KRS 160.310 that insurance be carried does not violate
the Constitution, Section 184.”

This case further held that members of the school board are individu-
ally liable for damages to persons injured through negligent operation
of the bus if they fail to require bus contractors to carry liability
insurance. ' .

This case involved the Board of Education of the County School
District of Todd County. The board had entered .an order requiring
that the bus operator carry liability insurance as is required by
Section 160.310 KRS, and the operator had agreed to take such
insurance. An accident occurred before the operator secured the
insurance needed. The court, as will be seen from the statement above,
held that individual members of the board of education were liable
because this bus was permitted to start operations before it was
covered by insurance as is contemplated by the law.

Fleet Plan

In order to avoid a recurrence of another situation of this kind,
the State Board of Education passed regulations for purchasing
insurance and for providing more adequate protection than had been
before available. These regulations were passed after the Depart-
ment of Education made a study to determine what procedure to
follow to guarantee proper coverage and what might be done to secure
the cheapest rate possible for the desired coverage. After a confer-
ence with the Insurance Commissioner of the State and the Attorney
General’s office, it was determined that all the operators employed
by boards of education should be considered as operators of a fleet
of buses operating for the board of education and that the board of
education be entitled to fleet rate for coverage of the buses operating
in the districts. A fleet was defined as five or more transportation
vehicles operated by the board whether privately or publicly owned.

A school bus endorsement stating the protection desired was pre-
pared and was approved by the Attorney General, State Insurance

162

unental
11 cases
. is no

'st case
gh) v_

*xpense
the re-
violate

lividu-
aration
ability

School
uiring
ed by
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asing
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acure
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oyed
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ting
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ned.
pre-
ince

Commissioner, and the National Bureau of Casualty and Surety
Underwriters. A number of leading insurance companies were con-
sulted and they agreed to cover the vehicles of the district wherever
ﬁve or more were operated by the board at a ﬂeet rate which would
be determined by bids from any company interested in taking the
risk. State Board regulations require that this endorsement be at-
tached to each school bus policy after it has been signed by the pro-
per officers of the company.

Forms for inviting companies to bid on the desired coverage
were prepared and are furnished annually to boards of education to
be used in securing bids on the rate at which they will take the risk
desired.

State Board Regulations for Purchasing School Bus Insurance
The regulations of the State Board of Education for purchasing
school bus insurance are as follows:

1. When contracting for transporting school children, and for in-
surance, boards of education which provide school bus trans-
portation shall enter into agreement With school bus operators
for securing insurance at bid ﬂeet rates when the number of
vehicles operated in the district is sufficient to secure ﬂeet rates;

2. Said boards shall take bids for ﬂeet indemnity and liability
insurance from at least three surety or insurance companies
duly authorized to do business in the Commonwealth of Ken-
tucky and award contracts for such insurance to the lowest and
best bidder of such companies, which in the judgment of the
board of education offers the safest and best protection for the
insured;

3. The Kentucky Standard School Bus Endorsement adopted by
the State Board of Education and furnished by the Superin-
tendent of Public Instruction shall be attached to all such
policies after they have been signed by proper officers of the
surety or insurance company which was awarded the insurance
contract; and

4. For this purpose there shall be used the forms submitted here-
with and made a part of this regulation.

Standards for Evaluating and Awarding Contracts

A standard for evaluating and awarding contracts was developed
and furnished each board of education along with the regulations of
the State Board of Education for securing the bid. These standards
are as follows:

1. Boards of education should not give some companies oppor-
tunities to bid and deny others which are qualiﬁed to bid.

2. Conﬁdential information should not be given to some companies
and withheld from others.

3. All bidders should be treated with equal fairness and con-
sideration.

4. A policy of fair dealing toward all should be ﬁrmly established.

163

. Local dealers should not be favored unless their products are
as good as those of other competing companles.

6. Any consideration of bids or bidders should not be inﬂuenced
by any political or family connection.

7. No special effort should be made to distribute business among
the several competing companies or to give personal preference
to either of these companies.

8. Deﬁnite standards for comparison of products should be estab-

lished and used in determining to whom a contract should be
awarded.

9. No superintendent or member of a board of education or em-
ployee thereof should receive any reward for service in connec-
tion with the placement of an order. '

10. Collusion among bidders should not knowingly be condoned.

11. The superintendent and board of education of a district are
justiﬁed in taking drastic measures when the conduct of bidders
falls below high standards of business practice.

12. All activities in taking bids should be based on legal authority
for such bidding and all forms for bidding should be made in
such manner as will give full information concerning the prod-

ucts desired and provide bids on a deﬁnite and competitive
basis.

Forms for Use in Purchasing

The insurance companies were informed of the strict regulations
which the State Board of Education had adopted as to (l) qualiﬁca-
tions of drivers, (2) specifications and standards for transportation
equipment, and (3) regulations for operation of the equipment. The
State Board of Education, acting under authority of law, adopted
forms copies of which are contained herein for use in the purchase
of school bus insurance. By this plan, the different companies doing
business in the state are asked to submit bids at the fleet rate for all
buses which are to be insured in the district. This plan of procedure
on the fleet basis has resulted in the reduction of premiums about

fifty per cent as compared with what they were before this plan was
put into operation.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECURING BIDS ON SCHOOL BUS
INSURANCE

1. Bid invitations should be submitted to a number of companies.

At least three bids should be received before the contract is
awarded.

2. Give the companies at least ten days to two weeks before bids
are to be opened. A better rate may be secured if they are given
this amount of time. Allow at least four weeks between the
time the contract is let and the buses are to start operation, in

order to get the Kentucky Standard School Bus Endorsement
attached to the policy.

3. The policy should be in your hands before school buses start
operations for the year.

4. Superintendents should supply the information for Items 1-9
and 11 and 12 in the bid offer.

164

icts are
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ract 15

'e bids
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as 1-9

5. Use ST-9 in reporting the company making the lowest bid and
the two companies next above it. .
As soon as the contract is awarded, send report ST-9 to the De-
partment of Education so that the Kentucky Standard School
Bus Endorsement may be sent to the company.

6. Publicly owned buses may carry insurance. All privately owned
buses are required to carry insurance.

BID FORM ST—8
Invitation to Bid For
SCHOOL BUS INSURANCE
Part I
To Insurance Companies:
The ......... Board of Education hereby

invites you to bid on insurance for the school transportation vehicles
operated in the school district. The insurance is for Bodily Injury
Liability and Property Damage Liability against the negligence of
drivers, operators and/0r contractors of school transportation
vehicles in accordance with requirements of Section 160.310 K.R.S.
and the regulations of the State Board of Education, including the
Kentucky Standard School Bus Endorsement adopted by the State
Board of Education for use on school transportation vehicle insur-
ance policies. Any bid, to be considered, must me submitted in
Part II of this form and must be sealed and delivered or mailed so
as to reach the oﬁice of the board of education prior to

Day Month Year Hour A. M. _. P. M.

The board of education reserves the right to reject any and all bids.
Bld must be accompanied by check of ﬁve percent of the total price.
A minimum of ﬁve dollars ($5.00) must accompany the bid if it is
for less than a total of one hundred dollars ($100.00).

Part II, attached, is for your use in submitting a bid for insurance on

the vehicles to be used in _____ district in
transporting school children.

Please note that there has been indicated on this sheet the number
and kinds of vehicles to be operated, as well as the trade name of
each chassis. For use in calculating the premium for your bid there
has been indicated the number of months of insurance for each
vehicle, the number of pupils each is designed to seat, the date the
insurance is to begin, the coverage for property damage and bodily
Injury for each person and for each accident. Will you please in—
dicate following the vehicles listed on each line your bid per bus
for property damage and bodily injury, as well as the total bid.

Date..

Board of Education

By:... —

Superintendent

165

Bid Offer

_ BID FORM
Use Form ST-9 to report bids to SCHOOL BUS INSURANCE
Department of Education Part II

To the. ..... Board of Education:

In response to your invitation, the Company hereby submits a bid on insurance
for school transportation vehicles to be operated in your school district. It is understood that the insurance on which
we bid is for Bodily Injury Liability and for Property Damage Liabiilty against the negilgence Of drivers, operators
and/or contractors of school transportation vehicles, and that’ the insurance will be in accordance with the require-
ments of Section 160.310 KRS, and the regulations of the State Board of Education on insurance, including the Ken-
tucky Standard School Bus Endorsement, a copy of which is attached. This bid is accompanied by our check to the
amount of $ .................................... , as is required by your bid invitation.

NOTE: SUPERINTENDENT SHOULD FURNISH INFORMATION FOR ITEMS 1 THROUGH 9, and 11 and 12 BELOW
112|3l4l5|6|718|9|10|11i12|13|14

Number of Vehicles Pupils 1 Coverage Coverage Bodily

Trade Designed Number Date to —— Bid ﬂ—L— Bid Total
Wagons Cars Panel School Name to Seat Months Begin Property Per Bus Each Each Per Bus Bid
Trucks Buses Damage Person Accident

Totals

Is this company licensed with the Kentucky State Department of Insurance? .................... Is it a member of the National
Bureau of Casualty and Surety Underwriters? ____________ Stock or Mutual? ............ Name of authorized agent _______________
Date of KentuckarWs‘icense.”uninhi ,,,,,,,,, Date 194 ..... By:

licensed with the Kentucky State Department of Insurance?............_.......

Is this comp any

Totals

Superintendent’s Report Form

The Kentucky Standard School. Bus Endorsement is kept in the
Department of Education and sent to the issuing office of the com-
pany that makes the coverage for the county when the superintendent
of the district notifies the Department of Education that a contract
for furnishing insurance has been awarded. The form used by the
superintendent in making this report is presented below:

‘ INSTRUCTIONS FOR REPORT ST-9

This report should be returned to the Department of Education
even though you do not purchase school bus insurance. If no in-
surance is carried, give information asked for in Columns 1 to 9,
inclusive. If insurance will be carried, as soon as the contract has
been awarded send this report. You should allow at least four weeks
between the time the contract is let and the buses are to start opera-
tion to get the Kentucky Standard School Bus Endorsment attached
to your policy. This policy should be in your hands before the
schools start if the children are to have the protection they need.
The Kentucky Standard School Bus Endorsement will then be sent
to the company to {be attached to the policy when it is issued. On
the reverse side of this sheet give in the proper space the oﬁice that
will issue the policy. Only officrs who are authorized to change the
terms of the policy contract have authority to sign this endorsement.
For that reason it usually has to be sent to the home office so the
president, Vice president and/or secretary may sign it. To determine
which officers may sign the endorsement one should examine the
paragraph in the general conditions of the policy headed CHANGES.

The two companies bidding next above the one to which the
contract was awarded should be listed on the opposite side, togther
with the bids which they submitted. This information may be given
in the space provided therefor.

Publicly owned buses may carry insurance; all privately owned
buses are required by law to carry insurance.

Is it a member of the National

Name of authorized agent.............._

”By: .._..................................... vAUA“AAAUAA::::;::;:::;.~“AUAUAU U...

Stock or Mutua1?_._.._......
194...

Date._...._...._.........

Lxcense......_.__.......U...

Bureau of Casualty and Surety Underwriters?__..._.____.

Date of Kentucky

167

NOTE: See instructions on reverse REPORT TO DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ST-9
side of this sheet. TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES OPERATED
AND NUMBER INSURED

This will notify you that the .................................... Board of Education his?“ awarded a contract for school bus

insurance for school buses listed below. In order that it may be properly executed and attached to the policy you
a for

should send the Kentucky Standard School Bus Endorsement to .......... t
Company. I am sending herewith the bid accepted and the two next above it.

Transportation Vehicles Operated Description and Coverage

Amount of and bid for insurance Number Insured
Total

Coverage B’ﬂ Coverage 1‘13th ’ Bid for
‘ Bodil In‘ur ' 1 These

Property Per Bus #1..— Per Bus Vehicles

Damage Each ' Each

Person 1 Accident

11 13 a 14
I35 l$

Privately Owned Publicly Owned

Months

‘3 Insurance

TrHCKS
No. Pupils

to Designed
to Seat

H
QJ
I:
N

H No.

<1
00

TWO BIDS NEXT ABOVE THIS ONE

Name of Company Bid Pro erty Dama e Bid Bodil In 111‘
Naxtne of CDmpal’n? Bid Progerty Damage 2: Bid Bodil; Ingurz g

3E6---

...Tota1 Bi
...Tota1 Bi
.Si‘9“

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M
k,
3,1
:3
...,
3,3
:6,
o

m,
2%
my

Bid Bodily Injury $.

Bid Property Damage $..

TWO BIDS NEXT ABOVE THIS ONE
..Bid Property Damage 3%..

Name of Company...

Name of Company...
unto ..

Policy Endorsement

The Kentucky Standard School Bus Endorsement consists of
two parts—certain agreements between the board and the company
as shown in the twelve paragraphs listed below, and the schedule of
automobiles covered as shown in the headings listed herein.

ST-lO KENTUCKY STANDARD SCIIOOL BUS ENDORSEMENT

It is hereby agreed that such insurance as is afforded by the policy
for Bodily Injury Liability and for Property Damage Liability ap-
plies with respect to the automobile classiﬁed as “School Bus,” sub-
ject to the following provisions.

1. The insurance shall apply, if the automobile is of the bus or
commercial type. to the Named Insured, and/or to the Board
of Education in his or their individual or official capacity,
and/or to the owner and/or the operator or driver, and/or the
substitute operator, and/or substitute driver, as insured; and
if the automobile is of the private passenger type, the deﬁni-
tion of “Insured” agreement of the policy applies to the insur-
ance under this endorsement in the same manner as though
the automobile were classiﬁed as “Pleasure and Business”, and

2. The insurance shall apply, while the automobile is used as a
“School Bus” or for “Pleasure and Business” as deﬁned in the
policy, but shall not apply to the use of said automobile for
geiaeral delivery or any other passenger carrying purposes;
an

3. “School Bus” use is deﬁned as: (a) The transportation of school
children, students and teachers to and from school, school
games and school outings; (b) the incidental transportation of
guests or guardians of school children in connection with any
school activity; and (0) operation necessary and incidental to
such transportation which has been authorized by the Board

of C{Education or its administrative officer, the superintendent;
an

4. The insurance shall apply to other automobiles or vehicles
which may be temporarily substituted for the automobile used
as a “school bus,” provided such substitution is necessitated
because of weather conditions, mechanical breakdown or dam—
age to the automobile and may continue to be used only while
the automobile is thus withdrawn from use. If permanent
substitution is made, notice of such permanent substitution
must be given to the company within thirty days following the
date of substitution; and

5. The insurance does not apply, if the automobile is of the bus
or commercial type, to injuries sustained by persons while
riding in the automobile, other than those enumerated in the
deﬁnition of “school bus” used herein; and

6. The insurance shall apply if the school term is extended be-
yond the expiration date of this policy by reason of the school
having been closed during the regular school term; the lia-
bility and/or property damage coverage of this policy shall
be extended likewise for such extended school term; and

7. The insurance shall apply to cover the legal liability of the
insured for accidents causing bodily injury and/or death to
any person acting under the instruction of school authorities
and/or the driver of the school bus insured hereunder to direct
traffic while the said school bus has been stopped for the pur-
pose of taking on or discharging school children or stopping
at railroad crossings or any other necessary stop; and

169

8. It is understood and agreed that any error or omission for
unintentional violation of warranty by the assured shall not
invalidate the coverage; and .

9. It is understood and agreed that in the event of a claim arising
under the coverage afforded by this policy by virtue of this
endorsement, the company will not interpose the defense,
except at the request of the insured board of education, that
the insured board is engaged in the performance of a govern-
mental function; and

10. In consideration of the premium stiplated in the policy to
which this endorsement is attached, the insurer agrees to pay
any ﬁnal judgment which may be rendered against the insured
for bodily injury to any person, and for property damage to
any property due to the negligence of the insured, his or its
agents, servants or employees in the operation or use of any
vehicle used as a “school bus” as deﬁned in Article 3 of this
endorsement or any substituted or emergency vehicle as per-
mitted by Article 4 of this endorsement within the limits of
coverage stated in the policy.

The insurer further agrees that upon its failure to pay any
ﬁnal judgment within sixty (60) days from the date of its
rendition or ﬁnal affirmance or appeal, the judgment creditor
may maintain an action against it in any court of competent
jurisdiction to enforce such payment. This policy shall con-
stitute a continuing indemnity, the amount of which shall not
be reduced as to any succeeding claim by any payment of any
claim or any judgment or by any previous accident.

In the event of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the insured,
the insurer shall not be relieved of the paymnt of such in-
demnity hereunder as would have been payable but for the
insolvency or bankruptcy; and

11. It is agreed that the policy to which this endorsement is at-
tached shall not be canceled or changed until after ﬁfteen
(15) days’ notice in writing has been given by the insurer to
the insured District Board of Education, the individual named
in the policy as the insured, and the Superintendent of Public
Instruction. Said ﬁfteen (15) days’ notice to begin with the
date the notice is actually received at the office of the Super-
intendent of Public Instruction, Frankfort, Kentucky, as evi-
denced by return receipt of registered letter.

12. It is agreed that any provisions, either in the body of the
policy to which this endorsement is attached, or in any other
endorsement thereon or attached thereto, in conﬂict with or
contrary to the provisions of this endorsement shall be deemed
to be canceled hereby.

This endorsement shall take effect __________________________________________ , 194 ...... ,
12:01 A. M., Standard Time, or Standard War Time, at Assured’s ad-
dress, and shall terminate simultaneously with this Policy.

Nothing herein contained shall vary, alter, waive or extend any
prov151on or condition of the Policy, other than as above stated.
3‘0 be attached to and form a part of Policy No _____________________________ issue
0 _____

bate of issue.
............................................ , 194....
Countersigned by: By:

Company

Authorized Representative Executive Officer and Title

. Executive Officer and Title
NOTICE: This endorsement shall be signed by the officers of the
company who have authority to make changes in the
policy form.

170

SCHEDULE OF AUTOMOBILES

l for ‘
1 not j I 1 I 2 | 3 l 4 | 5 I 6
lsing Trade Year M t T N
this No Name Model Nugnggr Egg; Egggletsﬁggg Adat‘iriréieoxfafl
ense, 1 Insured
that l
vern- 3 2
‘ 3
:y to 4
) pay 5
sured
ge to 6
3r its 7
f any 8
f this 9
, per-
1ts of ; 10
1 11
7 any , 12
of its 1 13
Dditor
)etent 14
con~ 15
11 not 1‘ 16
>f any ‘ 17
sured, 18
~h in- 19
)r the 20
- _ 7
ﬁlfstefn [ ‘ 8 9 I 10
.rer to De_ COVERAGE PREMIUMS
named No, signed Policy Bodily Injury
Public to Period Property ’— B ~
th the 1 seat Damage Each 235113 1311113 3313;:
yuper- 1 Person dent
{S evi- |
2 l
of the 3
other 4
uth or
eemed 5
S 6 l
194 ------ 1 1 7
(1’5 ad- 8 I
9
d an
2d. y 10 !
lssued ‘ 11 |
............. 12 ‘
------------ i 13
____________ r 14
' 15
16
------------ ~ 17
.............. 18
19
of the 20 I I
m the l I 1
Total Premiums $ ____________ $ ______________
1'71

It is agreed that the above schedule contains a full description or the
automobiles covered by this policy. This endorsement is effective on

________________________________ , 19......, at the same hour indicated in the policy as
the effective hour; Nothing herein contained shall be held to alter, ‘
waive or extend any of the Declarations, Agreements, Exclusions or 1
Conditions of this policy other than as stated by this endorsement.

{ . . i
Attached to and forming part of Pollcy N0 .................... , ........ , Issued to g
‘ of - .......... issued by ..................................................
j . Company
Countersigned ....................................................................................................
Authorized Agent. Executive Officer and Title

Executive Officer and Title

" °' j ” Notice: This endorsement shall be signed by the officers of the com- l
f‘ p ~ ‘ pany who have authority to make changes in the policy
' form.

of the
tive on

»licy as
) alter,
ions or
:ement.

sued to

Part II
SCHOOL BUS ACCIDENTS
Summary Statement

The facts presented herein were collected from 110 county and
26 independent school districts, which operated school transportation
vehicles in the school year 1943—44. There is presented immediately
following this summary statement a detailed summary report of all
accidents for the state. For comparative purposes a summary has
been presented for the school years 1940-41 and 1943-44. It will be
noted that the number of accidents are slightly increased for the
school year 1943—44 as compared with the year 1940-41, even though
one more county district is involved and fewer independent districts.

In 1943-44 approximately 126,000 pupils were transported 85,000
miles daily as compared with 104,000 pupils 70,000 miles daily in
1940-41. The average bus operated 53 miles per day in transporting
about 80 children, which means that on the average all buses operated
in the state make two trips. The average seating capacity for all
buses is 40 pupils. All buses operated in the State of Kentucky in
1943-44 traveled at approximately 15,076,750 miles and used approxi-
mately 1,983,295 gallons of gasoline.

It may be of interest to note that most of the accidents occurred
on good, straight, macadam roads; that the buses traveled at low
speed and where the travel ﬂow was light to medium. This condition
is common for the two years 1943-44 and 1940-41. January and
February are the months in which most accidents occurred in
1943-44, while October and January were the months which had the
greatest number of accidents in 1940—41.

A study of the summary showing the fault, type and cause of
accidents, indicates that in a great many, if not inmost cases, the
fault of the accident was that of some person other than the driver or
pupil. This suggests that more information and instruction should
be given to the traveling public in order to assure safety in' the trans-
portation of school children. Boards of education and superinten-
dents of di