xt72v698952n https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt72v698952n/data/mets.xml Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 1997 journals English College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 110th Annual Report 1997, June 30, 1998 text 2009ua018 The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 110th Annual Report 1997, June 30, 1998 1997 1997 2022 true xt72v698952n section xt72v698952n The Kentucky
Agricultural Experiment Station
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‘ Annual Report
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The Kentucky
Agricultural Experiment Station
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Annual Report
1997
UK
College of Agriculture
University of Kentucky 0 Lexington, Kentucky 40546
To His Excellency,
The Honorable Paul Patton
Governor of Kentucky
I herewith submit the one hundred and tenth annual report of the Kentucky Agricultural
Experiment Station for the period ending December 31, 1997. This is done in accordance
with an act of Congress, approved March 2, 1887, entitled, “An act to establish Agricultural
Experiment Stations, in connection with the Agricultural Colleges established in the several
states under the provisions of an act approved July 2, 1862, and under the acts supplemen—
tary thereto,” and also the act of Kentucky State Legislature, approved February 20, 1888,
accepting the provisions of the act of Congress.
Very respectfully,
flaxéa
C. Oran Little, Director
Lexington, Kentucky
June 30, 1998
Contents
Purpose .................................................................................................................... 7
Agricultural Economics .......................................................................................... 9
Agronomy .............................................................................................................. l 1
Animal Sciences .................................................................................................... 14
Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering ............................................................ l6
Entomology ........................................................................................................... 18
Forestry .................................................................................................................. 20
Horticulture and Landscape Architecture ............................................................. 22
Nutrition and Food Science ................................................................................... 25
Plant Pathology ..................................................................................................... 27
Regulatory Services .............................................................................................. 30
Robinson Substation .............................................................................................. 33
Rural Sociology ..................................................................................................... 36
Veterinary Science ................................................................................................. 38
Publications ........................................................................................................... 41
Statewide Research ............................................................................................... 54
Financial Statement ............................................................................................... 55
Staff ....................................................................................................................... 56
Purpose
A a Land Grant institution, the University of Kentucky
is responsible for serving the people of the Common-
wealth of Kentucky. The College of Agriculture, with its re—
search, teaching, and extension activities, has developed a
structure and organization to provide the mandated Land
Grant services in agriculture and related areas.
The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station has been pro—
viding research results to farmers for more than 100 years. The
continued growth of Kentucky agriculture attests to the benefits
of applying new knowledge and technology to the agricultural
production process. Much of the research leading to increased
quantity and improved quality of Kentucky’s agricultural out-
put was performed by the Experiment Station. Also, College
researchers address problems of agribusiness, consumers, in-
ternational trade, food processing, nutrition, community devel-
opment, soil and water resources, and the environment.
Although much Experiment Station research has imme—
diate application to agricultural problems, scientists are also
involved in basic research, generating new information to
help solve present and potential problems. The ability of
Kentucky producers to be competitive in domestic and world
markets requires an expanded base of knowledge in emerg-
ing areas of research applicable to agriculture.
This Annual Report summarizes Experiment Station re-
search highlights for 1997. Lists of the faculty, research
projects, and publications completed during the year are also
provided.
The research programs of the Kentucky Agricultural Ex-
periment Station have benefited Kentucky’s agriculture over
the past century, and the results of present and future research
will continue to serve Kentucky’s primary industry.
tI
D‘Ph
IT'BLI‘N
Agricultural Economics
Research in Agricultural Economics involves diverse sub-
jects including improving profitability, risk management, the
impact of tobacco production, value—added and welfare re-
form, and entrepreneurship.
Risk Management Research
Risk management alternatives offered to crop farmers con-
tinue to undergo significant change. New revenue insurance
is being offered in Kentucky. This product is the Crop Rev-
enue Coverage. The product pays for low revenues when
either price or yield causes gross revenues to be below a se-
lected level (up to 75 percent of average revenue). It also
allows farmers who have yield shortfalls to replace those
shortfalls with a higher market price between the sign-up
and harvest increase. This option will allow growers to be
more aggressive in marketing before they know their yields.
This research reviewed the merits of revenue insurance
offerings. Kentucky and other southeastern states have had
poor experience with traditional federal crop insurance.
Growers should be aware that there are many new alterna-
tives emerging from a variety of sources. Some of these al-
ternatives may prove useful for Kentucky growers.
Risk-sharing alternatives that can improve the efficiency
of the farm and food system continue to be investigated.
Among the alternatives considered is the use of insurance to
share food-safety risks in the beef-processing system. This
work suggests that such alternatives could improve informa-
tion systems about pathogens in the food system. Another
alternative is to consider how growers manage input use to
compensate for weather risks. Since growers apply extra fer-
tilizer and other chemicals to compensate for weather risks,
is it possible to compensate for these weather risks using
market mechanisms? This could lead to environmental im-
provements and enhance farm revenues.
Enhancing Farm Profitability and
Management Efficiency
The department conducted a thorough review of the Ken—
tucky Farm Business Management (KFBM) Program in 1997.
A team of faculty and KFBM farmers visited each area of—
fice and discussed the current state of services to the mem—
bership and area farm management education. As a result of
this review, the department and the governing board of KFBM
are instituting several changes to upgrade its services to the
500 farmer-cooperators in order to improve farm manage—
ment and financial performance. New computer software is
being adopted to enhance the tracking of on-farm produc-
tion and financial data while also improving research capa-
bility. KFBM will begin training on this software in May
1998. In addition, new area farm management extension edu-
cation efforts are being outlined to improve education with
non-KFBM members in central and western Kentucky. And
a new schedule for reports and analysis of farm profitability
is being prepared to enhance the timeliness of KFBM infor—
mation to the farmers and agribusinesses across the state.
These changes will enhance the farm profitability and man-
agement efficiency for Kentucky farms.
Economic Development
A. Value-added Activities
State and local governments frequently look to value-
added food processing activities to provide both local mar-
kets for farmers’ products and employment opportunities for
workers. A study covering more than 3,000 US. counties
identified specific policies that can be used by local govern-
ments to attract food processors. Separate analyses are car-
ried out for meat, dairy, fruits and vegetables, grain mill,
bakery, confectionary, fats and oils, beverages, and miscel-
laneous food products industries.
Results show that the presence of a processor in a given
industry in a county significantly reduces the ability of that
county to attract another processor in the state industry, all
else equal. Counties with smaller populations tend to have
an advantage in attracting meat, dairy, fruits and vegetables,
confectionary, and fats and oils processors, and a disadvan-
tage in the case of grain mill, bakery, and miscellaneous prod-
ucts manufacturers. The effect of other variables, including
transportation infrastructure, workforce characteristics, and
local taxes, on the location of food manufacturing firms is
also examined in this study.
B. Entrepreneurship
One of the main research themes of TVA Rural Studies is
a search for ways to expand rural business opportunities. A
strategy that has been advanced by many is trying to foster
higher levels of rural entrepreneurship. This is seen as an
alternative to traditional recruitment approaches in places
where recruitment has not worked or where previously re-
cruited firms are now leaving. A focus on entrepreneurship
is also consistent with the widely held belief that small busi-
ness is the main engine for economic growth in our economy.
Two reports from contractors looked at the potential for in—
creased entrepreneurship within two distinct subpopulations
of the rural South—African—Americans and Appalachians,
two groups that have historically had low rates of entrepre-
neurial activity. We were interested in identifying factors that
could lead to a greater interest in starting small businesses.
In both studies the lack of role models was an important
factor, as were more typical factors, including access to fi—
nance and support services like legal, management, market—
ing, and accounting support. Most importantly, in both stud-
ies small business owners were surveyed, and a significant
factor, in most cases, was prior experience working for an-
other company in a similar line of business. This was a com—
mon way for entrepreneurs to gain the skills and contacts to
prepare them for running their own firm. One significant con-
clusion is that it may be necessary to encourage young people
to initially leave a community to gain experience and then
return with both the financial and human capital to start their
own firm for entrepreneurship to be a successful rural devel-
opment strategy.
Tobacco Production Impact
The 25 largest tobacco—producing counties in Kentucky
were analyzed to gauge the economic contribution of tobacco
production and processing and overall agricultural produc-
tion to local economies. Accounting for direct, indirect, and
IO
induced effects, tobacco accounted for more than 10 percent
of total personal income for 10 of these counties, while ac—
counting for more than 10 percent of the employment for 16
of these counties. Structural variables, including the number
of farms, number of farms growing tobacco, and the average
tobacco production size per farm, were also evaluated over
time. The census data revealed that while consolidation of
tobacco farms is occurring in Kentucky, it is occurring at a
much slower pace relative to all United States farms.
Research Projects
Analyzing the Future International Competitiveness of the US. Food
Industry — M.R. Reed, R.H. Brannon, M. Marchant, and L. Mather
An Evaluation of International Markets for Southern Commodities —
M. Marchant and MR. Reed
Evaluation of Public Policy Alternatives Designed to Help US. Cash
Crop Farmers Manage Risk — J.R. Skees and H. H. Hall
Economic Analysis of Biotechnological Innovations in the US. Beef
Cattle Industry — B. Bobst
Economic and Environmental Impacts of Water-quality Protection
Policies on Kentucky Agriculture — H.H. Hall and J.R. Skees
Analyzing Impacts of Structure of US. Agriculture on Structure of
Non—farm Rural Communities — D.L. Debertin and SJ. Goetz
Rural Economic Development: Alternatives in the New Competitive
Environment —— SJ. Goetz and D. Freshwater
Agronomy
The Department of Agronomy conducts research in four
broad scientific fields: soil science, crop ecology and man—
agement, crop genetics, and plant biology. Agronomy fac-
ulty are investigating numerous issues of current and future
importance to Kentucky. Our work ranges from crop pro—
duction tests in the field to cutting-edge laboratory studies
of gene expression and plant metabolism. Research objec-
tives include improving the yield and value of crop plants,
while conserving soil and water resources. Many investiga-
tions explore the potential of the most sophisticated new tech-
nology, for example, plant molecular biology or precision
agriculture. Other scientists continue to refine agronomic
management systems to provide farmers with globally com—
petitive production technology. The widespread public con-
cern over environmental issues in Kentucky, particularly
those related to agricultural production, has greatly increased
the emphasis on analysis of soil and water quality. Examples
of interesting and potentially important research accomplish-
ments during 1997 are described here.
- No-till wheat studies at the University of Kentucky and
on experienced no-till wheat farmers’ fields indicate that
this practice is beneficial and economically feasible for
many growers in the state. Through research and educa-
tion, the newly formed Wheat Science Group at UK is
leading a Kentucky Small Grain Grower’s initiative to
have 75 percent of the wheat no-till planted by the year
2005. The Wheat Science Group is a coordinated group
of specialists from all disciplines with a structure that will
allow a more effective and practical approach for solving
problems and creating new opportunities to serve the small
grain growers of Kentucky.
' A continuing goal of our burley tobacco breeding pro-
gram has been the development and release of cultivars
with increased resistance to Phytophthora parasitica var.
nicotianae, the causal agent of black shank. Toward this
goal, KY 909 (KX94148) will be released to seedsmen in
1998. KY 909 has been evaluated in Kentucky under dis-
ease pressure at our black shank nursery in Franklin
County and in field performance trials for three years.
This new cultivar was released for its high resistance to
Race 0 of black shank, medium resistance to Race 1, early
maturity, and virus resistance.
° A large portion of maintenance budgets for golf courses
can be attributed to fungicide applications. Research was
conducted investigating cultural control of fungal diseases
while reducing fungicide inputs. Results showed that even
without fungicides, dollar spot disease may be consistently
reduced by as much as 50 percent on golf greens and up
to 80 percent on creeping bentgrass fairways through cul—
tural practices alone.
11
0 An enzyme capable of detoxifying multiple types of pes-
ticides has been cloned from corn and expressed in yeast.
This gene has the potential for developing new crops with
multiple pesticide resistance, being used by industry for
studies of pesticide degradation, and aiding in the devel—
opment of integrated pest management through better un-
derstanding of how pesticides interact to cause corn in—
jury.
Research data from the Weed Science field program sup-
ported the registration of Spartan herbicide for
morningglory control in tobacco.
Due to its superior yielding ability in the Kentucky Soy-
bean Performance Tests, soybean line KY 91-1214 was
released as a new maturity group IV soybean variety by
the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.
A new tobacco sucker control option was promoted through
field days, demonstrations, and winter meetings. Utiliza—
tion by producers increased from an estimated 1 percent in
1996 to 35 percent in 1997. Improved sucker control and
increased yields are expected while MH residue levels
should decline. Lower residues could improve the stand-
ing of Kentucky burley tobacco in the world market.
Predicting corn seed deterioration would provide a valu-
able management tool for the seed industry. A four—year
study investigated the effect of constant storage tempera—
ture and seed moisture on seed deterioration across six
corn hybrids of various initial seed vigor levels. Both the
hybrid and initial seed vigor affected the rate of seed de—
terioration with low vigor seed lots deteriorating faster. A
model was developed that accurately predicted the time
to loss of corn seed germination (:10 percent) across 17
storage environments.
We are developing new ways to express multiple genes in
plants. We tested a strategy for simultaneously express-
ing several enzymes in different subcellular compartments
of plants. Our studies provide a means by which compli-
cated metabolic pathways may be introduced in plants,
with a minimum of transgenic and genetic manipulation.
Our research on the fertilization of tobacco transplants in
the float system identified nitrite toxicity as the primary
cause of poor growth of transplants fertilized with urea.
In 1994 and 1995, urea-based fertilizers caused an esti—
mated $2 million in damage to burley tobacco transplants.
As a result of our float system fertility studies, tobacco
growers have learned to avoid fertilizers containing urea.
Bioassays detected the first evidence of an interaction be-
tween alkaloids of endophyte-infected tall fescue. Toxic-
ity of ergotamine and N—formyl loline appears to be me-
diated by the same membrane-bound receptor. This dis-
covery could lead to a better understanding of fescue toxi-
cosis and the development of new methods of managing
this perennial problem, which costs the Kentucky live-
stock industry $100 million annually.
Genetic engineering methods have been used to introduce
coat protein (CP) genes from both tobacco and soybean
viruses into the respective host crops. We have demon—
strated in laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments
that transgenic lines carrying nonpathogenic CP genes are
stably inherited and provide usable field levels of resis—
tance to virus attack. Two burley tobacco transgenic lines
carrying a viral CP gene were promising enough in a va-
riety evaluation test in 1997 that the two lines will be en-
tered in the preliminary regional variety test in 1998.
Research on no-till production of corn, soybeans, wheat,
and tobacco continues. Kentucky continues to lead the
nation in percentage of no—till crops (44 percent in 1994;
48 percent in 1997), with 94 percent of double—crop and
49 percent of full season soybeans, and 52 percent of the
full season corn no—tilled. Hickman and Trigg counties
led the state and produced 85 percent of their corn, soy—
bean, and wheat acreage by no—till in 1997. The erosion
control this provides is very notable.
Wetlands may play an important ecological role in the
bioremediation of trichloroethylene (TCE) because they
support three different bacterial groups that cometabolize
TCE: methanogens, sulfidogens, and methanotrophs. We
enumerated all three physiological groups in wetlands
receiving discharge from a TCE-contaminated aquifer
beneath the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion plant.
Methanogens and methanotrophs dominate these wetland
environments and appear to be influenced by the seasonal
flooding management of each wetland.
Our research has demonstrated that fecal bacteria from
poultry litter can rapidly infiltrate soil during rainfall. The
infiltration has considerable spatial variability and is as-
sociated with macropore flow. Tillage, which disrupts
macropore continuity, will impede but not prevent micro-
bial infiltration to shallow groundwater. This ongoing re-
search will be used to devise appropriate management
practices for animal waste disposal on land.
A major goal of the Kentucky Forage Variety Testing
Program has been to encourage. use of improved propri—
etary forage varieties. Since 1994, farmers have bought
significantly more proprietary alfalfa and red clover vari-
eties compared to public lines. Based on surveys, pur-
chase of proprietary alfalfa varieties is up 42 percent since
1994. If 25 percent of Kentucky’s 300,000 acres of al-
falfa are reseeded annually and 42 percent of farmers
choose to upgrade to a better variety of alfalfa, this would
total $9.45 million additional revenue in farm receipts.
Sales of improved proprietary varieties of red clover have
increased by at least 90,000 pounds of seed compared to
1994 levels. This quantity would seed 9,000 acres of red
clover, and this improved forage would be worth an addi-
tional $2.3 million in farm receipts than ifthey had seeded
unimproved red clover varieties.
12
Research Projects
A Silica/Fly—ash-based Technology for Controlling Pyrite Oxidation
— V.P. Evangelou
Altered Fatty Acid Varieties: Does Our Climate Give Us an Edge? —
L.J. Grabau
Altering Ergot Alkaloid Biosynthesis by the Acremonium Endophyte
of Tall Fescue — CL. Schardl, M.R. Siege], and LP. Bus/1
Ameliorative Designs to Improve the Efficiency of Constructed Wet-
lands Treating High Metal Load Acid Mine Drainage in the Rock
Creek Watershed — A.D. Karathanasis
Amount and Quality of Herbage Ingested by Cattle Grazing Tall Fes-
cue Clover Grasslands — CT Daugherty
Analysis of mRNA Polyadenylation and Metabolism in Plants — A.G.
Hunt
Assessment of Constructed Wetlands for Animal Waste Phase 11 ——
W.0. Thom, Y. Wang, and J. Dinger
Backup of Clover (CLO) Accessions in the NSSL —N.L. Taylor
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Sesquiterpene Cyclase and
Squalene Synthetase from Tobacco — J. Chappell
Breeding Improved Varieties of Wheat, Oats, and Burley for Ken-
tucky — D. Van Sanford
Cellular and Molecular Biology Initiative in Dark Tobacco — G.B.
Collins
Characterization, Classification, and Use Interpretations of Kentucky
Soils — A.D. Karathanasis
Characterization of Phytoalexin and Sterol Biosyntehetic Genes in
Tobacco —— J. Chappell
Characterization of a Plant PolyA Polymerase — A. Hunt
Classifying Soils for Solute Transport as Affected by Soil Properties
and Landscape Position — E. Perfect
Cloning and Heterologous Expression of Pesticide Metabolizing Cy—
tochrome P450 Genes — M. Barrett
Cloning Epoxy Fatty Acid Genes — D. Hildebrand
Cloning Genes Encoding Enzymes for Epoxy Fatty Acid Accumula-
tion in Oilseeds — D. Hildebrand
Corn Breeding and Genetics: White Endosperm Breeding, Food Quality
Inheritance, and Hybrid Performance Tests — C.G. Poneleit
Cropping and Planting Systems to Allow Economic Canola Produc-
tion —— J.H. Herbek and LW Murdock, Jr.
Damage Thresholds Risk Assessment, and Environmentally Compat-
ible Management Tactics for White Grub Pests of Turfgrass —
D.A. Potter, K.F. Haynes, and A.J. Powell, Jr.
Dark Tobacco Breeding, Genetics, and Management — RD. Legg
Determining Rates of Several Nutrient Sources for Optimum Crop
Production and Soil — W.0. Thom
Development of a Basic Soil Morphology Training Course for Onsite
Sewage Disposal Treatment System Personnel — A.D.
Karathanasis
Development of an Efficient Soybean Regeneration and Transforma—
tion System for Introduction of Protein Modification Genes — G. B.
Collins and R. Dinkins
Development of Efficient Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of
Soybean — G.B. Collins and R. Dinkins
Direct Vegetation of Fly Ash — R.I. Barnhisel
Distribution of Constituents within Tobacco Leaf — H.R. Burton and
LP. Bush
Does Kentucky Need an Early Maturing Soybean Variety Trial —— LJ.
Grabau
Early Maturing Soybean Cropping System: Identifying Appropriate
Cultivars —— L.J. Grabau
Effect of Row Width and Plant Population on Corn Yields — M.J.
Bitzer and J.H. Herbek
Effect of Row Width on Corn Yields — M.J. Bitzer and J.H. Herbek
Effect of Tillage and Land Use on Physical and Chemical Properties
of Kentucky Soils — G.W. Thomas. R.L. Blevins, and J. Thompson
Effects of Suckering Practices on Growth Characteristics, Yield. and
Quality of Burley, Dark Fire-cured, and Dark Air-cured Tobaccos
— J. Calvert
Assessing Transport of Colloid Bound Herbicides and Heavy Metals
to Groundwater: EPA/EPSCOR —— AD. Karathanasis and RE.
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Establishing an Advanced Techniques Course in Biotechnology —
J. Chappell
Evaluation of Soybean Varieties and Breeding Lines for Use in Ken-
tucky — TW. Pfeifi‘er and CR. Tutt
Field Application of Pyrite Microencapsulation Technologies for Con-
trolling Pyrite Oxidation and Acid Mine Drainage Production —
V.P. Evangelou and RE. Phillips
Forage Crop Genetics and Breeding to Improve Yield and Quality —
N.L. Taylor
Foreign Gene Introduction into Soybean — G.B. Collins and R. Dinkins
Fungal Pathogen Resistance in Dark Tobacco — M.T. Nielsen
Genetic Engineering of Dark Tobaccos — J. Chappell
Genetic Engineering of Soybeans for Increased Oil Content and Ep—
oxy Fatty Acid Accumulation — D. Hildebrand
Genetic Engineering of Soybeans for Increased Value — D. Hildebrand
Genetic Improvement of Soybean for Kentucky —— T Pfeijfer
Grain Quality Laboratory —— C.G. Poneleit
HHMI Initiative, Faculty Research — J. Chappell
Identification, Characterization, Seed Increase of Clovers — NL Taylor
Improving Nutrient Management in Animal Wastes by Dietary Ma—
nipulation and Cropping System Optimization — G.L. Cromwell
and J.H. Grove
Improving Switchgrass Productivity as a Biofuel Crop — M. Rasnake
Increased Desaturation of Soybean Triacyl glycerol — D. Hildebrand
Influence of Soil Structural Heterogeneity on Transport of Fecal Patho-
gens and Solutes with the Vadose Zone — E. Perfect
Implementation and Demonstration of BMPs for the Utilization of
Poultry Litter in the Lower Green River Water Shed — C. W. Absher,
G. Henson, and W0. Thom
Integrated Management of Arthropod Pests of Livestock and Poultry
— PW. Knapp, J.W. Webb, and CT. Daugherty
Isolation of Sclareol/Labdenediol Synthase — G.J. Wagner
Lignin Content in Soybean Seedcoats — D.M. TeKrony, D.B. Egli,
and T. Pfeiffer
Maintenance of Seed of Trifolium Species — N.L. Taylor
Manipulation and Regulation of Oxylipin Formation in Plant Tissues
— D. Hildebrand
Mechanisms for Vacuolar Storage/Sequestration of Cd, Zn, Mn, Ni —
GJ. Wagner
Mineralogical Controls of Colloid Dispersion and Solid Phase Spe—
ciation of Soil Contaminants — R.I. Barnhisel and A.D.
Karathanasis
Molecular Regulation of Isoprenoid Metabolism in Plant Pathogen
Interactions — J. Chappell
Multiplicative (Linear—bilinear) Models for Genotype X Environment
Interaction in Crop Cultivars —— P.L. Cornelius
On—farm No-till Studies: Making It Work — L.J. Grabau and J.H.
Grove
Pest Control Strategies for Grazing Livestock Using Grass Endophyte
Associations —— C.T. Daugherty, KW. Knapp, and L.P. Bush
Phenology, Population Dynamics, and Interference: A Basis for Un-
derstanding Weed Biology and Ecology —— W. W. Witt
Plant Genetic Resource Conservation and Utilization — N.L. Taylor
Polishing Peers: Improving Plant and Soil Science Education Through
Peer Review — L.J. Grabau, M.S. Smith, L.K. Worley, and W. Burke
Population Improvement and Line Development of White Endosperm
Maize — C. G. Poneleit
Potyvirus Replication and Pathogenicity —— J. G. Show and AG. Hunt
Predicting Changes in Corn Seed Quality during Storage — D.M.
TeKrony
Regulation of C6-Aldehyde and Alcohol Formation in Plant Tissues
— D. Hildebrand
Relationship between Photosynthesis, Assimilate Supply, and the Size
of the Reproductive Sink —- D.B. Egli
Screening Soft Red Winter Wheat Varieties and Breeding Lines for
Resistance to Head Scab — D.A. Van Sanford
Searching for New Yield Genes for Kentucky — T. Pfeiffer
Seed Biology and Technology Investigations — D.M. TeKrony and
0.3. £in
Significance of Loline Alkaloids in Ecosystems Predominated by
Grass/Endophyte Associations — L.P. Bush
Site-specific Nutrient and Biosolids Management on Agricultural
Lands —— R.I. Barnhisel and SA. Shearer
Soft Red Winter Wheat Breeding and Variety Development for Ken-
tucky —— D.A. Van Sanford
Soil Survey Characterization and Environmental Impact Assessment
of Daniel Boone National Forest Ecosystems —A.D. Karathanasis
Somatic Cell Genetics of Crop Plants —— GB. Collins
Soybean Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Center —— GB.
Collins
Species and Crop Management Effects on the Yield and Quality of
Round Bale Silage — M. Collins
Studies of a Novel Pathway for the Biosynthesis of Straight and
Branched, Odd and Even Length, Medium-chain Fatty Acids in
Plants — G.J. Wagner
Studies of and Efforts to Engineer the Metabolism in Plant Trichomes
— GJ. Wagner
Soil and Crop Nitrogen Testing to Improve Nitrogen Management for
Burley Tobacco — R. C. Pearce, J.G. Grove, and D. C. Ditsch
Survival Characteristics of Inbred Corn Seeds during Storage —— D.M.
TeKrony and DB. Egli
Terpene Cyclases: Functional Domains and Structures — J. Chappell
The Role of Ammonium—potassium-calcium Exchange Interactions in
Regulating Nitrification Rates in Soil — V.P Evangelou and MS.
Coyne
To Enhance National Efforts for Scab Evaluation Research and De-
velop Scab Resistance in Wheat for Specifications by the National
Program Staff — D. Van Sanford
Understanding Recombination and Modifying its Frequency in Soy-
bean and Corn —— T W. Pfeiffer
Using Early Maturing Soybean Varieties to Help Manage Soybean
Cyst Nematode — L.J. Grabau
Using Farm Family Case Studies to Teach Sustainable Agriculture —
M. Rasnake
Utilization of Coal Combustion By-products in Agriculture and Rec-
lamation — W.0. Thom
Variable Rate Seeding: A Cooperative Study with Kentucky Corn Pro-
ducers —— R.I. Barnhisel, SA. Shearer, and MJ. Bitzer
Weed Management of Deep—rooted Perennials with a Minimum-till
Cultivator —— J.D. Green and W W. Witt
Yield Potential and Long—term Effects of No-tillagc on Wheat Pro-
duction— L. W. Murdock, Jr., J.H. Herbek, and LR. Martin
Animal Sciences
This is an exciting time to be involved in research, teach—
ing, and extension. So much information is being generated
by research efforts that our teachers and extension personnel
have to look for new ways to disseminate knowledge. This is
particularly true in a diverse department like Animal Sci—
ences. Through this knowledge explosion, we strive to ad—
vance technology, but at the same time be selective in pro-
motion of technology that will sustain animal agriculture by
improving efficiency of livestock production, increasing prof-
itability for the producer, and ensuring the consumer a high
quality and safe food supply.
Food Science
The addition of a natural beef flavoring agent to raw and
precooked restructured steaks from cull cow carcasses masked
objectionable flavors resulting from differences in animal
age and improved the overall acceptability of the steaks as
evaluated by a trained taste panel. The beef flavoring agent
did appear to have a detrimental effect on fresh but not pre-
cooked beef color after thawing.
Of eight populations of bacterial species studied, 2-2-
hexenal showed the most promise for controlling mold growth
during shipping and storage of blackberry and strawberry fruit.
Research to elucidate and ultimately inhibit the major un-
desirable flavor compounds from soy protein products has
demonstrated that 2-pentyl pyridine is the strongest docu-
mented flavor compound in commercia