xt74mw289r01 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt74mw289r01/data/mets.xml Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 1960  journals  English Lexington, Ky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Kentucky farm and home science, vol. 6 No. 2 spring 1960 text Kentucky farm and home science, vol. 6 No. 2 spring 1960 1960 2012 true xt74mw289r01 section xt74mw289r01 iu;  
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Q7 Women and professional men estimated they worked some-
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"3 and Women aged 60 and Over living in Casey County, the fully employed male workers, advancing chrono-
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J County. K('IllllL‘l{}',” Ky. Agr. Expt. Sta. Progress Report 88. (Conlinuori on Page H,)
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()n this page and the next are some highly magnified photo- man and cause itching. (center) The two-spotted spider mite **1
graphs of a few mites ofA economic and health importance. is one of the most important plant-feeding mites. (right) . .
Most of them are pinhead in size. (left) The northern fowl The chigger mite attacks both humans and domestic ani- Aff-
mitc isa parasite of domestic fowl and birds. It may attack mals. Some species help to transmit scrub typhus.  
· Economic and health importance of these tiny msects causes
. . . . . . . . {Ve;
rapid growth of mterest 1n a relatively new scientific field;
housefly control by predators is new project here “"A
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St d' M’t ' K t ky AA
I1 1€S 01] 1 €S H1 €I1 HC ee
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Hy _|. (L. RODRIGUEZ ear are tabulated for each state, snider mites are .,»
11- · 1·` 1 · 111 · <· Aa/V
*1’”"""""’! ·""""""#!/ ""’ """'¥/ named by almost every state m the crop and forest
Acarology, the study of mites, is a relatively new P€5t5 CBWEQOYY and tht? clover rmtc and Uékb are 4*
M-on of Study lgcfmc 1940 thc,-C Wm-C (mh, a fe"; named in almost the same frequency in the “man and
scattered workers in this field; now the interest is ilmmal P€$tS C*lt€SOlAY· SPld€1A mite l$ im ?~ll·lU€lU$· ,
growing so rapidly that last year a French journal we tmm for 0V€Y 100 $P€C1€$ Of Pl?*Ut·f€€ V  _ ·V..;;,,.; .:.. .
This male tropical rat mite was taken recently from an _ AA ?,"  . H ;$— .-   H       ‘‘’__  
office in Lexington. Members of its species had caused  _    __       “ A` A     `  -5 ‘`‘`f   _,,. if  
office personnel to suflAer from denuatitis caused by mite   __  . M,      ij} f»A 2] ,V  
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Til (left) The European red mite is an important pest of orch- chine. It belongs to a group that attacks grain, cheese,
xw ards. The fishhook—shaped structure on the extreme left is bulbs and foodstuffs. (right) This mange mite was taken
‘ used in piercing the leaf and sucking the cell contents. from a cat. Its group causes mange in dogs and rabbits.
  (middle) The caloglyphid mite is virtually an egg-laying ma· sealy-leg on poultry, scabies on humans.
 *5 `=fVV;,}_2;V , ._Vp_   · ;_ . T _- _,  stimulation of growth and depressed nitrogen content.
_  g; —.,_     _.       V._._ . . _ _ . ..._ ( V   However, when extremel hi h levels of DDT were
G`   ·..'  . _..·'. .’;%*Z— ¤»..   ”     ·....i 2 =s. = 5.;-   ·   .»z?*?!` - ·
_       :._‘    , v>._‘ A ngggv I   k`l(lClG(l to tll€ SOll, ll1tl`Og€ll H1l(l SUgz11' C()llt€l1t W€1]t up
    ’ ·   =·-—z .—=i.¥j.;s¢=:·:;»=& ·¤’·     fi ..v- ·     Y ·   · · · ·
'Tf       ._: U   V zllltl I11lt€ p0pLll£`ttlOl1 1l1Cr€aSeS were tllrectly related.
lv         *‘f-= `     y One can conclude that a moderate, balanced fer- V
    V   ~.»:   ·’’:“ " —.   · · . -
·     V_··         tll1Z€1 program IS the safest COllI‘Se to pursue and that
  ·‘‘‘    .:..       ·‘i’             · · - · · ·
      V_.. 2   .   the build-up of insecticides in the soil may become
      "· _ . »-·· f ‘   Y =i`·‘.i   . . .
.  ~  .=_   .,,=.   — ,.,_     _ Y un Jortant in such laces as in orchards where cover
WP   7     .. » . . ·=.,. - ._,» _ -
y     l  4;   ‘ crops will be the first affected.
V    rw   f``' ‘ ···° *   ·<···r-. `”`*" - · ·
`M    s t~¤?e§§Pw_    __V_. V ..—        ·~—.,,;;g; A group very distant from the ordinary plant-feed-
_ .   ___¢   _,__   —v·=         Q · mg or spider mites are the Eriophyid mites, variously
( p . _ ~  »  v__;1     _vv_ ·   L _· gy   3.     . . . .
,.     _.  -  ··‘t;       ’"V’·V   fl,   p   known as gall mites, blister mites, rust mites and bud
  if   a w     i.`;i  ii`:  ._ ; _;.` l   ``-¢       inii V if 11liteS. They are the smallest animals bearing an ex-
1*: `___     V._=.. i if"   ` »- ‘’‘   terior skeleton with which the agriculturist has to
  we gift   ·V__-     · VV contend, averaging 1,200 mch in size, and cannot be
_ s   agi;. *· _, » _ =    "   $*7; . . . . · —
*2** Q   is _   p     seen by the unaided eye. Injury IS in the form of
ik; $   n `'`‘° 1,  ‘·:"       5 blasted buds, russeted foliage or fruit. About 50
ta.   ‘‘’     ‘p_p ~   species are more or less of economic importance. Spe-
. =·” p9    .V_      fi, cific blister or rust mites damage pear, apple, grape,
,   peach, citrus and cotton. The tomato russet mite is
 `ii i   - - . ·
V i`   extremely insidious, the death of the plant often oc-
_ A ' {V Ticks are all parasitic in their method of living. This close- Cllrrillg before the grower realizes that a mite is re-
*1 up view of a portion of one shows the piercing month parts, sponsible for the browning and crisping of the foliage.
nie-curved teeth and the cutting lateral teeth of movable Cmmdiml and English Workers, purticulmlyv have
¤ ti its. . . . . . .
·. . g studied the association of predacious mites found in
~ . . orclrtrds and the )l‘1l]t—l:(’€(lll] Y s ueeies. Unfortunately,
\ \¢Vork at the Kentucky Station has shown that the ° ° I ( f` I ° ·
a nutrition of the host Jlant influences mite develo nment (Cmilinucd mz Page 7)
T and absorbed nitrogen and phosphorus have the most
· * influence. This is shown by the rapid growth of the —  
. . . { .... ~ V .,...  · “ 
LE two-spotted spider mite and the European red mite This \ mgcd mill — *” ‘ ».  
populations when nitrogen is increased in apple fol- is a gulumlmidy     .,V '     , ___'_.=·.·   ·V
. . . . . . * ..   ~’ rj.; < ‘~ * it
~.*’ rage. As phosphorus 1S increased, the mite reaction I-clwcsemmive of         A ·  if I   ‘
gm;. may reverse. A range of absorbed phosphorus up to some 40 species   _, I  ._m*“‘” (lpn  
0,20 percent is favorable to two-spotted spider mite ***1} "‘]° "“s" 3. .....,..     ` ` _
. . et rate iosts or     ’ . ,
1** development. (This range may vary with the host xml) tllpcwmn   _ J  
**5 l)]*Ult·> The mites swal-   ‘_V: . ~ i___ ’¤»   __,_ VV  
\Ve have also shown that chlorinated hydrocarbon low thc tapewm-m   ,. ..-=- · ·~ii,.,,   .... ,
`Y soil insecticides added to the soil altect plant compo- eggs mul gwlmg  W   t
A', sition and mite development in diverse ways. Cen- ":‘"“*‘l” ”“*‘“"“   2,   ·
. . . . tie Iiillcs.     ’  
erallv increased Jo Dulations were associated with 4   ' . _
i 7
’* Q
~-  K1·;x1Vuc:KY FARM Ann Home ScmNcu—S1>1nNe 1960 5
tf

 €W qI11pH1€I1 >.
N E ° t
Apparatus makes off-flavors less V _
• ar.
not1ceable· however radm of
s »
. . . V"
raw Illllk IS ${111 necessary
Fl • . J .
avor Umform *
*‘i
Hy A. W. RUDNICK. _]R.. T. R. FREEMAN, and of mercury). Here the milk boils at a temperature V}
(?AR'“’L E· GRAVES of about 155-1580 F. Off-flavors and excess moisture __»
])"'”'""""" "f D”"" $°""""" from condensed steam are removed and discharged
\~Iilk`s biggest selling point is its flavor. To keep through the vacuum pump and carried into the drain. ""'
this flavor uniform throughout the year and to help Then the milk is cooled and ready for bottling. re;
('llllllll2l.tL‘ lTl2Illy SC2lS()l"|kll ()l`1·f'lHVOI`S,       I)2l.lI`y TO l€ru·ll     gqulpuleut actually (logs lulprgvg B'.
SClCIl()(‘ l)Cl)2l1`tlll(iIlt 11213 l)C€ll tGStll1g Ll. I'€l21tlV(:‘ly I'l€\rV lllllk l·laVOl·’ the authors Subj€Ct€d   tl·Oul Covys {Gd 1
PWCC Ol *'(l'*'l’m°“t·] silage, grass, garlic and/or other feeds to a variety ea Q
TlllS (‘(lllll)lllCllt C()llSlStS ()l` tW() lil.1`gC StZ11I]1(3SS·StC€l Of Opel-atlllg Coudltlous lu   ugyv g_Ppg_l·g_tuS_ Also, \
(JyllIl(ll`lC2l.l til.lll(S C2l.Cll Ll.l)()llt 5 feet lllgll. TllCy ll3.V€ lllllk vvas deliberately Ovurllgatgd during pagt(gl_u·lZgl- P
been inserted in the line through which mrlk Hows tloll to lorlm lf tllo oqullmloot Vvould also yomovo this r,_..
following its pasteurization by the high—temperature Cooked or Sool-Cllod flavon
.   . e. .  . . 0‘ . . . 4*
Thmf mm mfthoflj hl flu hlst t‘mk* About “ _t?€t The treated milks were tasted by both professional
m4 diameter, the milk is atonnzed, heated by mixing rlrrvrrr jrrrlrrér rrrrrl persons represgrrrrrrg rlw average  
with steam, and subleeted to a moderate vacuum Corrsrrmgrz This lrrrrcr group COrlSiSt€(lOf10rrr€l] and PU
(L lr) m°ll°5 Ol m°l°my)‘ The 'llllk HO_WS {mo the 5 women who had shown they could detect the
second and larger tank, about 30 inches in dlameter, llrwors lrerrrg Srrrrlr€rl_ Samples Or mllk Werc treated ;_r_,_r 4
whtit tht vacuum ltvtl is mcttast d (about ..- inchcs rrr the Brrrrrpmerrr rrrrrl rlwrr prcscrrrerl to rlresrr rlrrvrrr ( lr
, .... . . . ·1nels. These Jrofessional 'ud res and consumer " ’
l lll(‘ !\lll(‘l`lC1lll l)i\ll'}’ ASS()Ul1ltl()Il C(llltl`ll)lltC(l l'lIl2lIl(Jllll Slll)- Pl   _ _ ( 1 P) ( _
port to this l)I`()l(‘(_'t, tasters then decided if milk flavor had been improved ·. -~
bv .
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 °·?i$?  ii` ,_   5   ig _ _ _ _ _ l _ T
      (Lll)()\'C) TllC Lllllll()l`S CX2llllllllI`|g C()llllCC[l()l'lS 2lll(1 2l[()Ill1Zlllg VZllV€S of {11C lll`Sl rr
    we  W3  tank ol` the vacuum milk—trcating equipment. (left) A portion of thc consumer F
Q       flavor panel tasting and scoring the vacuunrtrcated milk samples. Each bottlc gx
    SM  =` 1 iy   ·~-»  r . . ` ` . . ’ ,
      kx   contains milk that has been sublcctcd to a particular treatment.
I"
G l{1·;x‘rtrcxY Faust Ayn Horn; Sc1i5xc12—S1¤mN<: 1960
tok

 pv'! and to what degree. Throughout most of these studies high the undesirable flavor will still be present in the
—v\_ both groups agreed on the improvement or deteriora- bottled milk. Producers must continue to follow good
tlOl1 of ll3.VOI`. lTl2IH21g€‘lU€1]t ]_)1'?lCtlC€‘S to keep Oll-HQIVOTS ill {IS lO\\’ tl
$0 _ . __.
It was quickly learned that the amount of vacuum level as P0>$1bl€·
»-$4 in the second chamber controlled the amount of ‘
gk concentration or dilution of the milk. \Vhen properly
F . . .
‘ operated the equ1pment made no change in 1n1lk Studies on lungs In Kglltuclgy
`-5 composition. It was also learned that safeguards (C(,,,;;m,e([ f,·(,,,, page 5)
\V€1'€ OSSll)l€ to 1l]SLl1'€ )I'O €1' O €I'3.llOH. Tl]€I'€ VVQIS . . _ _
  no noiicmblg egect (ml nu? Ofpthe other 3h Sim] the ratio of predator mite to pest has to be relatwely
\ ii quqlities guch (IS fat dis geiion Thcrefowl ity Wris high to be fairly effective in control. Generally, in this ·
concluded that the e ui nlaent could bc usedlwithoht Country the Value Of the mltes as predators has been
gy T q 1 , largely nullified probably because of the large amount
loss to the dairy plant operator (due to concentration) . . . . .
. . of OI'g21lllC 1l1S€Cl1Cl(l€S llSG(l lll Spray pI`OgI'211T]S.
.4 or to the consumer (due to dilution). T} r I I
. . . ~ `IG 111OSt llU]_)OI‘l[2`tl]l g1'€€l1 ]OllS€ species is l`l1;‘ lZ\V()-
,_ To obtain onion or rarhc flavor cows of the U. K. . . . . . . . ’
rr . ( B . L ’ . . . spotted spider mite, which IS capable of going from
(lzllfy l]CI‘(l \V€l'€ l€(l g&ll'l1C pO\V(l€l` W'lll1 ll1€l1‘ gfkllll rr to 1 It , 7 I t 7,.0 F   ,   t`
; . . . . Ogg t1.( ll ll] ( HVS H O . NS l'Hpl( lll`l]OVC‘l`
*5 concentrate. VVhen this milk was sub ected to in- . _ *_ _
. . ( 1 ()l g€l]€‘1`tltlOl1S l]18.l{€S lt }_)OSSll)l€ lO1` CVGH H l€\V lTllt€S
__ creasing vacuum levels in the smaller tank, more and _ _ _
‘¤» now Of thc} Yallic Hlwm WM re nm/ed hmm Bing resistant to an acaricide to develop subsequently a
I ` ` ` ` I . ` E ` _ _ _
___i qmmmtg Of Stiqm digi little to im Hove fmihcr the resistant population in the greenhouse. In the orch-
. 1 ard it now appears that the useful life of a new acar1—
» flavor after a level of 50 pounds of steam per hour _ .
pi 1)€1`   pOlll1(lS of milk \V2.S 1‘(;"ICl`l€(l AClL12llly Olde lnay be as Short as 2 years.
4 a * · ¤ .
. . . . . . i · /7· - · 1 . . 4 . — .
Q, hlghm. Steam mlectlou rates Caused Some dcclme \VO1l(l \\a1 II and tht Korean \Var focused much
3 in in Hulk HQVOL Vvhen garlic Havol. \vaS Very Strong t1tt€l]llO11 Ol] l]](i(llC21lly IINPOIHIIIY §P€ClGS of lUlt(?S 9l1(l
~ not all of it was removed) but when only u mild Havm. ticks. From the standpoint of disease transmission.
”*‘L:#' was present in the raw milk, virtually all Of this €h1gg€1'b HTG probably the 1nost important group Ot
jig`} foreign Hlwm. was l.€mOVCd_ mites. About 143 species were known over the \VO1l(l
. in 1940; todav over 1,000 are known. There are about
Silage and other feed flavors were also reduced by · _ _
has Vllcuum tl_€_ltm€m A Vqcuum level Of 10 inches Of 450 known species of ticks; these are surpassed only
¢ ¢ · ( . . . . · .
. nercllr f in th€ first Or SUI ilk] tink proved to be l)V lHOS(1ll1lO(;‘S 111 tllé l“l`HllSl]]lSS1()l] of (llS€tlS€S to llltlll.
1 ‘ ‘ 2 *‘ 2 “ . . . .
mt €;HCiU1t Addition of bterim did not impmw Clnggers may feed intermittently on mammals, birds
1]] .` ‘ " . ` t ’ _ _ .
A , l_€n_.0V_ll Of thege Hqvors rlPP1_€_Ci_IblV Ol' 1'(?ptll€S. SOIHG Cl11gg€I'S Zll'€ ll1€ V€Ct()l`S of SCl`lll)
— < ‘ V * · . . . . . .
` \/V] ( 1   1 t I t 1,%,,0 F f   t}’Pl1llS, ll]1P0l't2l1ll lll \Vlll'lllH€ COl](llllOI]S. The 1]]&]()1‘ _
· — ~‘ ' tf I? €( O T) O' . JCC- · · · · · · · ·
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‘ ° `*‘ ' 121 tl €` 1)C8.S'l1 .. . . . . .
·» (mi an t ° PaS;u¥1;l€r’ I VL V lty Tl t “l problem of dermatitis or t1'OlTIl)l(llOSlS, which is the
. (-00 La   ;1CO1C]€( QVOL { flcuulnb lttd   I·(/is l'C2lCllOI] of tl]€ 1)€l'SOl1 llllZ$J.Cl(€(l to tl1€ S2lllV2lI`y S€(J1'€-
“ ` ' ‘ ’ Y' ‘l O . . . .
li IHOVGC tub T"/Or FO A lllgul i/( ifgblée ll ( ( (1 I H O tlOl] of lllC Cl11gg(iI` 11l](l IS pllftly U.ll€I`g1C. SCCO11(l2`tl'y
R. Stelun hL€n]€( tO lntcllsl y tle QVOL _ _ _ ll1lGCll()