xt75tb0xqz8h https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt75tb0xqz8h/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1937 journals kaes_circulars_290 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 290 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 290 1937 2014 true xt75tb0xqz8h section xt75tb0xqz8h Y ·
Dark-Tobacco Pro]ect
For 4-H Clubs
CIRCULAR N0. 290
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College of Agriculture
Extension Division
THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director
. Lexington. Ky.
February, 1937
Pmlfiublislied in connection with the agricultural extension work cnrric·d on by coop-
mEm°¤ of the College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, with the U. S. Depnrt- _
Auofoéoéllélpsultufriiiand distributed in furtherance of the work provided for in the
ss 0 ay 8. 1914.
10, Qc?

 prc
bac
mul`
zmf
the
cou
4 ber
n iti€1

 REQUIREMENTS
l. Boys and girls 10 to 18 years of age inclusive may take this `
project.
2. Enrollment should take place not later than March 15.
3. Each member must grow at least one-fourth of an acre of to-
bacco, following the advice of his county agent and project leader.
4. Each member must keep a record on the forms in this cir-
cular, of all work done on the pro_ject. The record must be approved
and signed by the county agent.
5. The county agent or two disinterested persons must measure
the ground and certify to the yield.
6. Each member should make an exhibit of tobacco at his
county show or one of the district shows.
7. Each member should receive the net return from his project.
4 8. To get the most development out of 4-H club work, a mem-
ber should attend all meetings of his club and take part in its activ-
ities.

 TIMELY REMINDERS
January- Plan the year’s program. Meet with the leader. Study project
literature. Get a good variety of tobacco seed. »
February- Select site for plant bed (fence row or woods). Prepare plant
” bed—burn or steam—seed the bed-box and cover with tobacco
cotton. Allow 9 x 12 feet of bed for li acre.
Ma1·ch— Complete work of February. Plow sod land. If land is in small
grain plow when 6-8 in. high. Measure your land. See that [lt
records are complete to date. mi
April— Lea1·n how to make a hygrometer, also method of firing. Apply
stable manure broadcast. Drag or roll ground. Weed plant W
' bed, water if necessary. Watch bed for insects. If plants make of
slow growth use fertilizer.
:1 2
M&y— Cut and drag ground. Set as early as plants are ready. Sci P];
plants 16-20 in. in rows 3 feet 6 in. (U
June- Finish setting by June 20. Cultivate as soon as plants are sct. sex
Keep accurate record of time. Reset missing hills. Keep down ,1,]
WOI`ITlS. Mi
JUIy— Cultivate to keep down weeds. Watch for bud WO1`I`DS. Top €¤l`ll` (lll
plants high (16-24 leaves) and leave 2 top suckers to grow. got
AUgllSU— Complete topping. Control worms. Prepare barn for 01‘0p. Lift lm
tobacco ripen as long as it is not wasting at the ground. Cul tot
the plants and place on sticks. House when wilted. Visit 0th€l` Wn
members. > IIN
September- Attend to curing. Use hygrometer. Fire if necessary. Seed the sol
tobacco plot to a cover crop. an
OC@0b€l‘— Strip when the thoroly cured tobacco comes in case. Bulk thc IY
tobacco on sticks when stripped. tht
N0V€}Tlb€l`—W1`lC€ a story of your project in the record book. COITTIJIW WO
stripping. Keep the tobacco in bulk until marketed.
December- Sell the tobacco thru your district 4-1-I tobacco show. A1`1`”“g° (hy;
with other members for hauling to market. Your Complétetl Bl"
record book is required at the show, and also to close this PY°J€°‘· · tx t
li.
NOTE. While these suggestions are arranged by months, the Wéilmer _U
must govern the activities. mt
tize
foul
mus

  
Circular N0. 290
project _.;.
E plum Dark-Tobacco Project- for 4-H Clubs
mbmo By E. J. KINNEY
H Small Raising [lit'? P/an/s. Probably most club members can get plants ·
gg that hom their home plant; beds, but if necessary to raise plants they
. may proceed as follows:
Apply Select a very productive plot of land, such as a clearing in a
1 plant xvoods, or an old fence row. Old sod ground is good. For a quarter
S matt alan acre of tobacco,* plow or spade an area 9 by l2 feet and make
a good seed-bed. Pile a layer or dry brush on the bed and on this
ly. Set place poles, old boards or other wood. Enough wood should be used
to give a hot fire for a half hour at least. Set fire to the brush in
areset. several places and let it burn down. After the bed has cooled,
~p down sprinkle 2 pounds of mixed fertilizer on it and rake in very lightly.
Mix half a level teaspoonful of tobacco seed very thoroly with a
pp early quart of slightly moist sand or soil and sow on the bed, going over it
w. several times in order to get an even distribution. 'l`ramp the bed
Op_ Lgt liarelully; then box in with six-inch boards and cover with tobacco
td_ Cut cotton. l\’ater when the soil becomes dry, using about a barrel of
lll Olllel ll'¤lCt‘ once a week, lf cutworms or other insects give trouble, dust
. the bed with lead arsenate. .·\ half pound of nitrate of soda dis-
Seed the solved in 5 gallons of water should be sprinkled over the bed if at
any time the plants fail to make a good growth. Follow immediate-
sulk the ly with 5 gallons of clear water to prevent the solution from burning
the plants. Prepare the plant bed as early as the ground can be
lomplttc “’°l`kC(l·
Sc/cc/ion uml Prejmru/1`on of Ilie I.1121d. Choose fertile, well-
Arnmgc tlrztined land. A good clover sod is perhaps best for dark tobacco.
>mpl€l€ll Blcilli ll1C land as early as possible, especially if in sod. lfflll ]>l0\Vlll§§`
*pr°lw` ` ls P¥ll`llClllarly desirable for heavy grass sods. l)isk at itllel`\‘1tlS to
weather l€ep down weeds and put the land in good condition for transplant-
mg,
 
me 2uIti)§;1[;ll;(;db0 Clearly understood that tllie directions given in this Cl1"CLllt`¢l` 85 to
tml mt. ~i~i{t-pli§$`li$S,,i§;l11132 ii?&,.’§.“{Q“i·§..2;‘  °.§`u§?€J° £l $$6
must use ti proportionately larger plant bed and fertilizer application.

 i .
G Keri/zur/cy 1fX/(f}I.$`i'f))I Circ11lurNo. 290
Fertilizers. Fertilizer seldom fails to give an increase in yield of In
i I tobacco and often improves the quality of the leaf. Purchase a fer gi.
y tilizer containing 4 to 5 percent of nitrogen, 8 to l0 percent of plies
phoric acid and 4 to 5 percent of potash. Use 100 to l25 pounds nl he
such fertilizer for one—quarter acre. If the new highly coriceiitmttgd HC
‘ fertilizers are used, such as a l2-2·f·l2 analysis, apply only one—tliirtl wl
as much, or about 40 pounds for the quarter acre. `When it is ini W
possible to obtain a fertilizer with a high percentage of nitrogen as my
· recommended, use 100 pounds of the best fertilizer obtainable and. lm
after the tobacco has started to grow, apply 25 pounds of nitrate of [hi
soda or sulfate of ammonia around the plants, but do not get any an
the plants.
’ Applyiiig llie Fertilizer. Spread 75 pounds of the fertilizer
broadcast and harrow into the soil before marking out the plot.
Then mark rows, 3% feet apart both ways. Drop the rest of thc
fertilizer in the cross marks and mix with the soil thoroly in making I
the hills for the plants. r
Set/ing the P/anis. Dark tobacco is usually planted in checks
3% feet apart each way so that it may be cultivated in two diret-
tions. For this reason transplanting machines are seldom usetl. K
Checking is not necessary, and if a transplanter is available it should
bc used. The secret of getting a good stand of tobacco, whether ·
transplanted by hand or machine, is to have the earth pressed Hrmli
around the plants. Early transplanting — from May l0 to june l~
usually gives the best quality of tobacco. pl`;
Cultivation. As soon as the plants start to grow, or befort if ‘ the
rain crusts the ground, give tobacco a shallow cultivation. ll i` bet
desirable to loosen the soil around the plants with a hoe, but tilit air
should be taken not to loosen the plants. Further lioeing is un he:
necessary except to destroy weeds. Cultivate after heavy rain and [irc
whenever necessary to keep down weeds. Shallow cultivatio1li~ abt
best. DlSCOllflllllC cultivation when the passage of the ctilti\‘11l*" lll:
between the rows begins to break and bruise the leaves.
C0771b(llf7’Lg l"l/OTHIS. One should be constantly on the walCll lla"   hilt
tobacco worms. At the hrst appearance, dust the plants with lead run
ufscniite. This poison is much safer than Paris green, as the lililff HCC
unless applied very carefully, may burn the plants. ire:
Tvpping and Sue/ceriiig. Top dark tobacco as Soon as the fl0l*"°" ‘“¤`~
bud appears, leaving ten to hfteen leaves. Keep the suckers clostli deg

 ? 7'
y l)a2‘/t—To/Jncco Project for #1-H Clu/1.s I `
icldcl pulled and never leave them until large. Close suckering tends to
za ltr give heavy, thick leaves, desirable in dark tobacco.
lPh0$· Htirvesling. Dark tobacco is ready for harvest when the leavesi
mds Ol begin to lose their intense green color and small yellow areas appear
mmitl i near the edges. \\’hen ripe, the leaves are brittle and break readily
€‘lhl*`§0¤ ¤** side down after cutting and allow them to wilt before putting tlienu ‘
l€ Hull on the stick. Handle very carefully in order not to bruise the lieaw.
i`?*l€ Ol thick leaves. Scaffolding dark tobacco to wilt is a very desiralble
anymi
zrtilizct - . _ _   m l 4 _ v_ V ,, V g   T
‘° lm A ..     i          
Ol "‘° `“`*     — V. , sa. ·   »  s;· ‘ , ‘“¥?“?  
‘““ki“l L ilii l   .t‘i Yi "  —       l k I    
·` if to l                - ~.          
Chem A ` _       l i   j  $7   _,  —   . pc   A ;_  
·» »   it  *·i‘&$   ti —  ·   if    ·i& ‘i     {     °     {li   l
° d“°" — .   ’» ‘       .   T V  .    “T»{°t 5** “'  .1
H   {   go ..   i     \&*`| *• lay  HJ"; TU  
; ghoultl *1* Y"   ·  J    as  a ss  "`i` i l`      ii:    `  
·~‘l1€th°" t ‘   s· · t J     of       i   .`;_.;,,a;
Cl Html? Scaffolding is recommended for Dark Tobacco.
unc l·
practice. For air curing, put 5 or 6 plants on each stick. and sp~;i·tr·
.e|`orc il ‘ the sticks about lO inches apart on the tiers. l·`or lire curing it has
t_ It i~ been customary to space the plants much closer in the barn. than litres
Jut tint air curing. It is now rapidly becoming the practice to use much less
g is mt l1€¤t in curing and to keep lnnnidity higher in the barn. so as  
ain null Iirotluce a more elastic, better—eolored leal`. This change has birtumglr:
yttinu i~ i*l>0¤t wider spacing so that now plants are given as much spite an
iltivatinc m air curing.
Curing Dark. l·`fr(·zI Tobacco. rlll1(J yellowing of dark lncti  
·attli lu ~ liatco usually requires four to seven days, depending upon teinpris.
*itli leatl ture and humidity. In cool, damp weather, very small lires iutiv lar
ie latin. Htccssary to cause tobacco to yellow properly, while in winin. nrt
wcatlter such fires are needed to prevent houseburn. The tciiipcia
te llowtr lure during the yellowing period should not be higher than T5 to St
-5 cl0$€°ll dcglgci I"., and the humidity should be high — SO to $5 pct will.

 i
S lvezzluc/cy lfxlensioii Circular No. 290
As soon as yellowing is practically complete and brown spun ii;
1 , begin to appear on most of the leaves, the tobacco is ready for firing. r__
. Begin with small fires and, with all ventilators closed, bring the
temperature gradually to 700 to 800 li. The wet-bulb thermonieter
should read 2 to #l° lower than the dry bulb, at this time. \\`heii _
T the tobacco 011 the bottom tiers has colored brown, it is time iii mm:
begin driving the moisture out. Gradually bring the huniitlity  
down by increasing the ventilation and, if necessary, raising the __g`_
temperature until the wet—bulb thermometer reads about (i° lower 6
than the dry-bulb. Hold at this until the midribs color and darken. gu lg
The temperature in the barn should not exceed l0()° F. Such ;t Y 12
temperature along with an abundance of smoke answers every pur- H2 lg
` pose. Sawdust is necessary in firing to slow down the fires when the 6
temperature begins to get too high. After the stems have darkeiietl. N3 lg
the temperature should be reduced to 80 to SBO and continued ai V 12
this level for two to three weeks, with a large volume of smoke. This lg
later Hring — really smoking — which can be done largely with saw- 914 5
dust, gives the leaf a good finish. As soon as firing is completed tho lg
tobacco should be bulked down to preserve the finish. ig
The hygrometer is a great aid in both air and fire curing; in Ian. E15 lg
it is indispensable in fire curing. Talk over the use ol` the liygrtmr 6
eter with your county agent. On the next page are shown the tt·Hl· 916 lg
peratures and humidities actually observed while curing a crop til 12
dark tobacco. The quality of the cured leaf was very fine. This lg
record can be used to advantage by club members as a guide in cur-  
ing their crops.  _;°uii‘ H
Air-Curing Dark Tobacco. \\’ilt the tobacco well before lioui- "
illg, pl`efel`itl>ly' on El scaffold. Leave all ventilators open until lllfi In lh
leilf is wéfff wiltcd, then ventilate only enough to prevent lititlselllllll fm ll
until completely yellowed. ll` weather remains very hot and tf¤11¤l|’ (film
f0l` 0\'Cl` 36 hOtll‘s, it may be necessary to use (joke stoves ol` tllllkf l‘*s‘h<
llletholl of SlIl()l§Cl(Z5S heating to avoid ll()ll$Ql)lll`l]_ lieep lnlilllfllll bf fl
at about 80 percent until the tobacco has colored well. Thvll “'“’ mil.
tilate sufhciently to dry the leaf. P
SU'!-[1/lillg {Utd Stirling. The leaves on a stall; of tiured lt>l>il**" PPC]
differ greatly in size. soundness, texture, hotly (tlrickness`) and <"l‘l‘i mm
llCllCC fllC}' (lll} l)C SCl)ill`2lte(l into several elusges l);r5etl on illC*U fllf Vlml)
fCl`CllCCS. rl`l1iS is lill(>\\'1] its sorting, Sorting   neeessaty fill fw l md?
reasons. The various classes of leaf are ttgetl [or tlill`erent pl¤1`l’*""` T

 l)ark-T0bmrr·0 I’rojrrcl for ·l-H C1ll({).\ {1
>1>1*1* TOBACCO BARN HYGRoMm·ER READINGS
liriug. r__________ _ _¥___ _____A_1_____i _
1g 1111 Caldwell County, li);
’111C1°1` _1. l·`. Glilhlllll, County Agent
1111*11 X;1mu: H. K. \\'il1i21111s 1\(1(1l`C5$Z Star Route 6, 1’1`i11eeu>11, Ky,
me 111 _____ %_;;______ _ ___ '
111111111 11111 1 Hour 1   1   11f111g;·1 1¢?1;11j11§¤1 Weather and Remarks
1¤‘ 1110 __,___ _ iti;_Q______ _i___ _____ ·
16116 GAM 1 A J 1 I 1
111 l2 1 64 1 64 1 0 1 100 1 1 Very clear—wind in east.
»211`1<€11- 6PM 1 85 1 82 1 3 1 88 1 76 1 Dry clear weather.
111C11 11 12M 1 76 1 72 1 4 1 82 1 58 1 Dry clear weather.
1 1 112 6AM 1 77 1 76 1 1 ` 96 1 50 I Dry clear weather.
`) l1111‘ 12 1 90 1 86 1 4 1 85 1 82 Dry clear weather.
1C11 111C 6PM 1 88 1 82 1 6 1 77 1 72 1 Dry clear weather.
1_ _ _1 12M 1 80 1 78 1 2 1 91 1 62 1 Dry clear weather.
1*1111* 1 113 6AM 1 84 1 81 1 3 1 88 1 64 1 Yellowing, dry clear weather.
ucd 111 12 1 100 1 94 1 6 1 80 Q 85 1_ Dry clear weather.
1 ,1.1111 6PM 1 94 1 88 1 6 1 79 1 74 1 Dry clear weather.
·· 12M ` 86 3 80 1 6 1 77 1 62 1 Bottom ventilator closed.
lh $:1111- 114 6AM 1 82 1 78 1 4 1 84 1 65 1 Bottom ventilator closed.
1C11 1111 12 1 92 1 86 1 6 1 78 1 88 E Bottom and top ventilators closed.
6PM 1 93 1 88 1 5 1 82 1 76   Allvestilators closed. Coloring.
_ 12 M 1 86 1 80 1 6 1 77 J 70 1 Bottom and top ventilators closed.
in 111111, 11n 6 AM 1 88 1 83 1 5 1 81 1 76 1 Bottom vent11ators closed.
12 1 94 1 88 1 6 1 79 1 86 1 Bottom ventilators closed.
Xgl`0111 6PM 1 93 1 86 1 7 1 75 1 78 1 Bottom and top ventilators closed.
1C 11111. 12 M 1 86 1 78 1 8 1 70 1 68 1 Bottom and top ventilators closed.
1 1 111 6 AM 1 87 1 82 1 5 1 81 1 70 1 Bottom and top vehtilators closed.
1311111 11 12 1 97 1 87 1 10 1 66 1 92 1 Bottom and top ventilators closed.
_ '1`]11s GPM 1 92 1 85 1 7 1 75 1 78 1 Bottom and top ventilators closed.
.11 (111 12 M ` 87 1 78 1 9 1 66 1 70 1 Bottom and top ventilators closed.
1 `   -7 `..i  _ +__>)._ .. »? »  
 1111111 1932 Leaf cured. color set.
11111 111C 111111C I})ZUIIl[2l(f[l1l`(j 015 L(>bz1e(;() l)l`Odll([,S. 11 sorting were 1101 (10110
M1)111-11 111111lC [Zl1`lll, i1, would have to be done by the lllilllll112l(`(Ul`C1`· Bl`-
11 111111111 111115C 011 Il smaller $lll)l)1>` or gregnter demand, some 1_{`l`2l(1CS e01111lIill1l1
11. 1111111 111§11Cl`1>rices 111:111 others. I[ Lobaeeo were sold 1111S<)l`lCt1. i1 117111111
11111111111 110 difficult no determine ;1 price 1'air no both ]ll2llll1112l(`1lll`(?1` und
11111 11.11. 1(111\\'C1`.
1)1`111>C1‘ S<>1`1.i11g 0[ Lobueeo is 2111 nrt th;11. eau be Ieuuled 0ll1)' by
1011111111 11\11C1`1C11(Y(?. Club members witlmut CXl)Cl`1Cll(`C slmulcl gel help
(1111101Z 1111111 1111 CX1>C1`1e1leC<1 lllllll in SIl`11)l)1llg mul S()l`l1ll1_;` the <‘1`o1>. 111
. ·1111· 111111111C to 1"Ct he] 1 frmn [ulher or 1`riends, the (`()llllI\' 2l1"L‘lll <>1‘ (11111
ink 1 1 o 1 , ¤
1111 11111 1 1111 C1 11`111 g`1\'C the l`C(1lll1`C(1 zrssistzuiee.
1111—111¤~1‘* 1111`CC §`l`Zl(1C5 011 dark 1‘<>b;1ee(> me made:   /)'(I.\`/I1. 1110 1‘r1l11C1`

 l
S Ivcnlttc/<.y l£x!t·n.s·ion Circular No. 200
As soon as yellowing is practically complete and brown spots ii
~ begin to appear on most of the leaves, the tobacco is ready for firing.
~ Begin with small fires and, with all ventilators closed, bring the fr
temperature gradually to 70° to 800 F. The wet-bulb thermometer
should read 2 to -10 lower than the dry bulb, at this time. \\'heit y
i the tobacco on the bottom tiers has colored brown, it is time to M]
begin driving the moisture out. Gradually bring the hlumitlity K
down by increasing the ventilation and, if necessary, raising the ggii
n temperature until the wet—bulb thermometer reads about 6° lower
than the dry-bulb. Hold at this until the midribs color and darken. 9 H
The temperature in the barn should not exceed 1000 1*. Such it i
temperature along with an abundance of smoke answers every pur- 9 12
i pose. Sawdust is necessary in firing to slow down the hres when the
temperature begins to get too high. .-\fter the stems have darkened. 9 13
the temperature should be reduced to 80 to S50 and continued at
this level for two to three weeks, with a large volume of smoke. This
later hring ~— really smoking - which can be done largely with saw- 9 14
dust, gives the leaf a good finish. As soon as firing is completed the
tobacco should be bulked down to preserve the finish.
The hygrometer is a great aid in both air and fire curing; in fad. 9 15
it is indispensable in fire curing. Talk over the use of the liygrom-
eter with your county agent. ()n the next page are shown the tear 9 16
peratures and humidities actually observed while curing a crop ol
dark tobacco. The quality of the cured leaf was very fine. 'l`hi~
record can be used to advantage by club members as a guide in tar-   ,_
ing their crops. ` ugu
,·fir—C1tri21g Dar/c Tolmcro. \\’ilt the tobacco well before hous- '
ing, preferably on a scaffold. Leave all ventilators open until thc 1
leaf is well wilted, then ventilate only enough to prevent liousebura ‘
until completely yellowed. lf weather remains very hot and di\1¤1l’ (
f0l‘ <>\'C1` 50 llottrs, it may be necessary to use coke stoves or ttfllff I
method of smokeless heating to avoid houseburn. lieep humidity I
Lit 21lJOLlt 80 percetit until the tobacco has colored well. il4l1t’11 W1" i
tilate sufhciently to dry the leaf.  
Sfflifljlfllg llllrf Xoflfllg. il`l1e leaves on tt stalk of ttiretl ftlllilfffl (
differ greatly in size. soundness, texture, hotly- (tltitkness) and <**l*’4‘i I
hence they can be separated into several classes based on these th|» ;
ferences. This is known as sorting. Sorting is necessary for twe
YCXISOUS. 'l`l\t‘ \'2ll`iolls classes of leaf are ttsetl for III‘ 12 I 90 I 86 I 4 I 85 I 82 Dry clear weather.
I IIIC 6PM I 88 I 82* I 6 I 77 I 72 I Dry clear weather.
MII I 12M I 80   78 I 2 I 91 I 62 I Dry clear weather.
· 9 13 6AM I 84 I 81 I 3 I 88 I 64 I Yellowing, dry clear weather.
·Il gll 1gPM I 132   9; I 6 I 80 I 85   Dry cIear weather.
. . · I _ 8 I 6 I 79 I 74 I Dry c ear weather.
IIIII I 12M I 86 I 80 I 6 I 77 I 62 I Bottom ventilator closed.
ww- 9 14 6AM I 82 I 78 I 4 I 84 I 65 I Bottom ventilator closed.
I the ~ 12 I 92 I 86 I 6 I 78 I 88 I Bottom and top ventilators-closed.
PM I 93 I 88 I 5 I 82 I 76 I All vestilators closed. Coloring.
9 IF 12 M I 86 I 80 I 6 I 77 I 70 I Bottom and top ventilators closed.
I II ° GAM I 83 I 83 I 5 Y 81 I 76 I Bottom ventilators closed.
III I2 I 94 I 88 I 6 I 79 I 86 ` Bottom ventilators closed.
Irom- 6 PM I 93 I 86 I 7 I 75 I 78 I Bottom and top ventilators closed.
II.III. 12M I 86   78   8 I 70 I 68 I Bottom and top ventilators closed.
I 9 16 16 AM I 87 I 82 I 5 I 81 Y 70 I Bottom and top ventilators closed.
Ill " 2 I 97 I 87 I 10 I 66 I 92 I Bottom and top ventilators closed.
IIIIII 6PM I 92 I 85 I 7 I 75 I 78 I Bottom and top ventilators closed.
III 12M I 87 I 78 I 9 I 66 I 70 I Bottom and top ventilators closed.
I t · or ~ $—._  . . _  _..--.--`"i{
_ August, 1932 Leaf cured color set.
II IIII· Ill (IIC ]llZllllli`2l(fllll`(j nl [()l)Z`l(j(f() Iirodiiets. ll` S()1`Lll1g Wctc 1101. (l<>lll‘
IIIIII-II IIII IIlC [ill`1ll, it would have to be (lone by the 11121111ll`21(`llll`Cl`. Bo
IIIIIIIII ‘??III$C ol I1 sm;1llei· 5uI)I;ly or greater (le111;111rl, 5111110 g1‘21(lC$ Cwllllllilllil
IIIIIeI· IIISh€I`]>1`iCCS 1l1:111 others, Il tobzieeo were sold imsortetl, it woultl
IIIIIIII IW Ililllflllt 10 tletermine ;i l)l`l(`Q i.[lil` to l)<11l1 ]ll2lllllli2l(`ll|l`('l` 2l|l
(IIIIII; IIIIIIIZU1 exI>e1·iei1(;e(l mul] iii gIi·iI;I1ii1g ;111tl sorting Illtf <‘l`<>I>- II.
IC IIII IIIIHIIIC to get llCll) from futher or l`i·ieii(lsI the munity z1t;‘<‘11l <11` <`IlII>
II_ IIIIII ICil(lCl` will give the retI11i1`Cd ZISSISIHUCC.
I—III»¢·~ IIIVUC glfltles ol (lark t<)l);1(·(74; ure mzide:   /m.\`/II. Illv l‘?\lIlUI`

 l
10 Kenlztr/cy lixlension Circular No. 290
thin, small and unsound leaves at the bottom of tl1e plant; (2) [agi,
, fairl sound leaves of ood size but deficient in bod ‘; and 3 [eu
Y S l f.
the large, heavy, sound leaves that comprise, as a rule, about 80 per- T
cent of the crop. Dark trash useually brings about 30 percent as i
much as leaf, and lugs about 50 percent as much. ya
In learning to sort tobacco, the beginner fiinds greatest difficulty
in deciding just where to make the grade separations. For example, W
it may be difficult to decide whether a leaf belongs in the lug grade. Cl
A or ought to be put into the leaf grade. As a matter of fact, it often A
makes little difference, into which grade the leaf is put. The im- _
>ortant uoint is to avoid nuttin to ether in the same rrade leaves
l l l g S B
that are distinctly different in characteristics. A good plan is for lll
‘ the beginner to have some experienced grader make a sample of
. - . Ht
each grade from the tobacco to be sorted. rl hese should be stutlietl
and kept at hand for comparison while sorting.
Tie the hands of tobacco neatly, because this adds to the appear
ance of the leaf on the sales floor. Usually 6 to 8 leaves are put into . _,
each hand of dark tobacco. Bulk the hands immediately to keep H
them from drying. (
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 DIl7`]C·T0l)(IC`L'O Project for 4-H Clubs ll ‘
**s>‘°· PROJECT mscorm
caf.
per- . . _ _
fvpe ol tobacco grow n _,,_.,4,44é...,4.........4...,......,,&....4.A.....,......,.........4.A.
t as '
Variety _,,,.....,........4..........,....,..,...,.,............., Acres .................4 , .,..,
ultr
Plc, \\’|iere did you get the plants? 4.A.....AA»....4,..A..4...o.......,.,.....4...4,...,.4 , 4....
; ln c — - - ·
iu (.haracter oi the soil; rich, medium, poor _, _,_________,_____,__,____V___>__,_________ _
lten
im- . _,r.__o.._.......ooo,r,..o,4,..»,..o4.......,......»4...,o._o...........,4....4,o_.,._..._...,......,4rV....
aves
lm What was on the land last year? ,......,,.,4...,.....o4..........,,......,.........,......
c ol . _
1, I How did vou prepare the landr ___4............4........,.,..,.,.............4......p.....,
;1e< ‘
mar-
imo t. ....,..4..4... . ,... . ....4......,........4...........4.,......,4...4...4..,......,.......4,..,.. . ..........,
kecm . _
I How much manure was applied? .......4,.............4,A,..............4.,,A. c ,...r H
l\vll€llCOIllII1€l`Cl2ll fertilizer? ,....,.........................._...i,.........t..,...r.   s.
HOW applied? ___________»_4,_4r_V_,____________,_,,__ How much? ...........,, . ,.,...r,...
When were the plants set? ...4....4,..............4... How? ,_........r.........,.....,.
What cultivation was given? 4..4.....,....,....,...........................,....,,......,.
When was the tobacco to ed? .4,......r.,.....,.. \Vll€11 cut? ........s»4........,
PP
Describe moisture conditions during the growing season __.,......r.....t.
n (iharacterol the season during curing. Explain _,s..,   ,. , ., P U

 I2 K(f)lIll(`/{)‘ IQX/('lI.\`iOH Cirr:11IurNu. 290
TIME RECORD
I For all work on the project, such as making and tending the plant bed,  
preparation of ground, setting plants, cultivation, cutting and housing,
stripping and marketing.
Club Hel: U vi-Iorse { 7 7
` 1 K' d * * '''''
Dm \ ‘“‘iI3E$§ S `   l °BJSi‘s° , ‘“ °‘ “°“
,___,__,_____,,_,_,, l _.,,,,,,,.._........ ‘ .................... ‘ ....................‘....................................................,,......,.... , ,_,_
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.................... * .................... . ................... ` .................... · ..............................................,...,.....,..,,..,, . ....
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.................... i ..................., * .................... . ...........,....... l ....................................................,...,........ . ....
......,..,,....,..._ I ,.._,_,........,..,. l ..,.,...._...,,._,._ ‘ ,_......,,,........, ' ..,........,..,.....,.,.........._......,_,...,.,.,,,.,,,,,,,,,, , ,,,,
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l i . .... ....“ ................. X ....................,.................................,,..,,,,... . ...,
3 7 l Y .,,,,,. , ,..,
.................... 1 .................... * ...........,...,.... ‘ .................... ' ...............................................,........,..,....,  
.................... l .................... l .................... l .................... E ......................................,.......................,.. . ...,
................ ` .................... ' .................... ‘ ..............,..... . ...........................,...i.....,......................·.»y  
l * ' A . .............................,..,. , ..__
.............». ‘ .................... ` .................... ' ................,... ' ....................................i...,....,............,.....·  
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..................   .................... ; ..........,......... ` .................... V ........ . ....,........................................4.  
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 l)urk—TOImr<·0 Project for 4-H Clubs I2; I
TIME RECORD (Continued)
lt, bfid, ;-——·—7,.;:r?.t- ·· #*#*:` —rr ,r;._ ;.·.r rrrrr ·~ ,;_ N i
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DuSmg` Date \ mitE1)1;§:;'S l lgillg 1 Oasiiljé I Kind of work
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........·4·--- · ·--······——·--·   .................... ` ...... . ............. ‘ .............·.···-- I ···-········. . ..·.··.··.·.-·.-·..»··...·.··.....»................
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___,n..n4.n.. A _____,_» I I I
-·--·- · ····‘‘ V ·····-· — ··»··-·.   .......4............   .................... { ......,.,........... I .................................................................
..-I» . ..n..,..________ I * I
‘‘‘‘‘`' " ······· » ·».... . ..., , ,____ = I I
n,.4V4n I R I

 l
14 Kentucky lfxlrrmiorz. Circular N0. 290
BUSINESS STATEMENT
i A Expenses jD0ll&rsj Cents
l Use of land at $10 an acre ......................................,................................. . ........... ‘ ............ M
Use of tools and machines at 40 cts. an acre .................................... . ........... . .....,.,4..
Member’s time at 10 cts. an hour ........r................................................. . ........... . ,.......... i V
Help’s time at 20 cts. an hour .................................................................. . ........... . ........... V
I Team’s time at 9 cts. a horse hour ........................i.............i............. I ............ · ........,.,. _
Manure, at $2 a ton (each 2—h0rse wagon load is counted 1 tonlj ..,.......,. j .,4......,..
Cost of fertilizer ....i..................................................................................... . ...,....... . ....,......  
I Other items ................................................................... . .............................. j ..,....,.... . ........... V ~
Total expenses ............................................................................ ———j-—— 4
Receipts
Pounds of leaf produced ........l..........................................,...................... ` ............ j .4.,........
Value, per pound, cents ..............................................................,........,.... j .........,..   ,........... V y
Value of the crop ........................................................................................ . ..........,   .......,.r..
Deduct expenses ..,...................................................,................... . ,.... . ....,   .....,...... i
Net receipts .....l.........................,.................................................................. -——-—j-·* "
I hereby certify that this project has been carried out to the bmi A j `
of my ability and that this is a true report. M
.....,......4....