xt76hd7nqh18 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt76hd7nqh18/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1942 journals kaes_circulars_003_376 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 376 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 376 1942 2014 true xt76hd7nqh18 section xt76hd7nqh18 EVERY FARM should have its vegetable garden
this year, for fresh vegetables and a good surplus
for canning and storing. Food produced at home
saves just that much of commercial stocks for
our armed forces and allies. And it saves money
for the farm family, too!
Circular 376
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY , COLLEGE or AGRICULTURE
AND Home ECONOMICS . i . EXTENSION SERVICE
Thomas P. Cooper, Dean and Director
\ r . ...
b£12b4

  
CONTENTS
_ - Page
SOIL MANAGEMENT ........4..........,....44.............,..,. 3
USE GOOD SEED .........................,...................... 3
JANUARY .....,..,..............,..»............................ 5
FEBRUARY .................,...........>,............,......... 5
MARCH ............................4A..........A..AA.........., 7 `
APRIL .................,.........»..,,,,,...............,.A...,. 8
Insect Control ...... · .......,.4.....................,........., 8
MAY ..........................................,...............,. 10
Insect Control .....................,,.......................... 1 1
Bordeaux Mixture ..................,..,,.....,... . ........... ll
JUNE .................,......,..................,.,............. 12
JULY . ....................,...........................,.,......4 13
AUGUST ........,............,..........................r...4... 13 4
Winter Cover Crops ........,...........................,...... 14 l
Winter Vegetable Storage ..4.......,,4...........,....,...l.... 14
SEPTEMBER .............,...........r.,..................l.4... 15
OCTOBER ...................................................... 15
THE CROPS: SOME NOTES ON HANDLING ..........,.1....,.... 16
Asparagus and Rhubarb ...........,.,....................4..... 16
Peas .......1................................................ 18
"C00l” vegetables, transplanted .....,..4.............1.,..,.,,... 18
(Cabbage, caulitiowcr, broccoli, ;
brussels sprouts, celery}
Greens and Salads ...................,4.4,...............,..., 19
"¤:I:s =;i%¤>:=¤¤,=§:sg¤E ¤¤¤»EE ¤ =¤:::s£:s¤E¤ ¤¤§F’¤ :::2:
· ago £.'E.Q.Q §.Q»T•.Q.-Q.CIw.¤'C$..Q¤-<.¤.-¤.£1¤-•~•-•.¤Q.-¤..¤..Q¤•.Q.Q¤•-<.Q.Q.Qw¤n:•l.¤.¤¤·.¤
$,-1: comm :$0u'¤Nn¤00NNOc0<•0O0m ;NNNQ·#NGONNcQ¤N¤¤<¤¤
ago GG E c>¤O 1:-mv-A-• G O¤.D<9* g g ADO ccc-4 ··"
cg NN ZN »-¢ N v-4 i ··¢ N ·-<;
u ; ·
Ow .
  4
E·*-‘>.,-`A c> 5 00 Q cc O
¤¤p:•;‘, ·,,j•n1n 0c><:m.- |r»—4L*¤>¤¤•-aI>¤'><.¤0OL~c!>cra u'>L¤•-4»-4 cov-a c01¤¤Dc¤»-¢·—¢<.¤·-*
.,.:2 >,>.éé¤ éééélhéélééé léhéééé éééé~¤ oééoléééhaéé :56:2
mgm q¢00n.n»-4<1*N¤$*_
  vv •-• »-·• we ·-4 N ·-lv-4 ·-< »—•·-<`
1
\
,:2
S1
Eng N Ni V N ¤O<$* .»-c*>©O®i
:5 :,,**35 *7 °?`¥‘°?°¥‘°? ?‘}‘”`i‘°1"{"‘?°?‘1°'T"T‘°%"T"·T"¥‘°T"T"}‘°T‘°?‘1°‘T'T"T"{""‘i"$"T"T :
. ¤ r
Q <.>¤° <7*¤O<;'20<1* g.g_§ v-4•-¢N·—¢·-4•-4 •··*NC\1G>·-¢»—¢c¤f.><,•¤¤` 4
fl)? u
I2 “ ‘
  I
FH ’¤`S•-· ~
¤‘°-¤Q::;Q :QO:C>O1::::.:::::.:l:::O::::::0:¥? `
E-1 v:¤>q;O:Z: :OO300:::0::::::::2:::0::::::O:€f:
Q*é"gwm:::§:OQZOO:::O:::::5::5;::O::::::¤:§;`
< dz"! :2: :¤0N:¤f>c¤q>g»-aq`; .-4N.-1Nv-tu-ga S10:-•·-4v-•NN Z•-agw
¤E€E;§§;§5E;;·§ ···..  
EEEEEEEEEE§EEE=EEEEE?EZ:EE£EEZEgEE€;;E
"2§$S§§,S§éiézi22·s¥2ssgz;§s;;§N’,`2§22 1
'Ug::¤::q5:2;;;Z;::,`:::::S:;2::;,._¤D:;i
$...§:O§:_¤§::::§;§§·Z :::::;:;:;g_¤gg;¤/2;
¤.·¥-•;;_¤; :;-;;:;*0 ::!»~;:;::::q_,w..·;;¤-’;
W q>D·;:m:,_‘1!¤·1::O®¤EEEB:€*E$$Zz¤¤¥:g¥
mm%’5'U} §'D§q; §§,_,,__ §gQ¤__Q ·::¤>· :§g·: :_,_¤‘;§ Eg' ;
2 §SD5)¤¤·,,, Bmw    E ;;¤.>_¤ E ELQW ' E ;¤Q "¤w_,· num
-¤ .-.: O ' 1 O ii : <1>
. Ewg ¢'~7¤"¤U;© :g’V1·¤qg >>,U Ed ;38·-§’·*¥ .g’>>:!-·§__¤'gg,C.SZ.'.S O~§*O
§°éz §@§¤%»g&’2§;1,;“§¤Eq3535°§~§¤§§§%Zm3g*·¤§§£2g‘EgE} -
2: Q. <¤¤¤: ·-·r-· ... Obi),-•,_,_,_y¤d s.:-»-····;;,;__c,..¤_ *¤ :,5 :.· u
:> mv1&-·¤.>cd.¤c<$cd¤J,¤B:3¤n4xsqJq;¢¤ ¤.hd¤£1q;c¤qjq_;;:cd`§_`§_°¤·¤-·0¤BO
<1a1 n against arden ests. Controllin them is not difficult if thc c
l 2 D Q P S
following rules are kept in mind;
I. Use the right materials. {
2. Apply them in the right way. E
fl. Begin at the right time and follow schedules strictly.
Cutworms often destroy early potatoes and bean seedlings 21110 {
transplanted plants soon alter they are set. Use poison bait made 6* {
follows: Mix, dry, % pound of paris green and 12 pounds of l>ri¤¤¥  
moisten with one quart of molasses and enough water to m3l<€l H
crumbly mash. Toward evening sow the bait along the rows and **1
areas surrounding cut—0lf plants. Cutworms always feed at dusk or aftéf O
dark. This bait is POISONOUS to POULTRY and other aniH16l$· 3

 Tm; GAm>1·;N, Mouru BY Monri-1 9
Transplanted plants can be protected by wrapping them at setting
_ with 4 or 5 thicknesses of newspaper extending an inch or so above
and below ground.
Leaf-eating insects.- General control for all leaf-eating insects
is by poison placed where they feed, but if plant parts are ajfected
that are to be used for human food, poison dare not be used! Instead,
use rotenone, for it is considered harmless to humans when taken
bugli internally in small quantity. The controls for the more usual insects
Jlmd follow, but these apply also to those not named, if the damage they
f€€Y· do is similar.
Cabbage Worm.—Beginning when the first "cabbage butterflies"
are seen and repeating every few days until heading starts, dust with
the following mixture: paris green, l lb.; lead arsenate, l lb. hydrated
lime, l2 lb.
NOTE: After cabbage begins to head, and on cauliflower, broccoli,
brussels sprouts, and greens, always dust with ready-prepared rotenone
{Chung dust, l to 1% percent.
Potato Beetle.—Beginning when the first "hardshe1ls" are seen,
_ _ dust with the mixture recommended for cabbage, or with calcium
ml lo' arsenate, l lb.; hydrated lime, 6 lb. Or, beginning at the same time,
spray with: lead arsenate, 2 level tablespoons; water, l gallon.
Cucumber Beetle.- These insects winter over in garden trash or in
any brush. As the seedlings come up, the beetles enter cracks in the
soil to lay eggs from which hatch worms that injure and sometimes
with destroy the seedlings or, later, the plants as theybegin blooming. E!
soda, Obviously control must begin before the beetles enter the scHlTl"lrusT—#‘
beginning when the soil begins to heave, dust the midtlles of the hills
with calcium arsenate, l lb.; gypsum, or " gypsum hard-coat plaster,"
16 lb. and repeat every 3 days until at least l0 dustings have been
3 cam, given. lt is profitable to give as many as 20 dustings, always at the
i[ thc center of the hill, giving 60 days' protection.
Mexican Bean Bcetle.—The adults spend the winter in any place
that gives shelter. When the weather becomes warm, they go to the
bean seedlings and lay eggs from which hatch the spiny "cockle burrs"
rs and that are so devastating. As these always feed on the under sides of
hde as the leaves, the control material must be put there to be effective and
bran: the sprayer or duster must therefore have an upturned nozzle. This
rake 2 is the program:
and ill Keep on the lookout for the first egg clusters (on the undersides
rr after of the leaves) and, when they are found, immediately apply there
nimalsr any of the several ready-mixed dusts, or mix your own as follows;

 10 Exriznsion Cixcuma N 0. 376 -
Calcium arsenate, 1 lb.; sulfur, 1 lb.; hydrated lime, 4 lb.
Or spray with:
Magnesium arsenatc (42% actual metallic arsenic), 2 tablespoons; water, 1 gallon.
4 Then, in 10 days after the first application, repeat, and perhaps
again, in 10 days. If dusting or spraying must be done after bean
pods appear, use rotenone dust or spray (made of extract) to avoid
danger of poisoning. This program must be repeated for each
planting of beans.
Sap-sucking insects (plant lice and "stink-bugs" or "squash
bugs").- Almost any of the vegetables may be attacked by these _
bugs. Because they consume no foliage but draw sap from the deeper
tissues, surface applications of poison cannot be effective against
them. Rather, they must be controlled by materials that act by con-
tact with their bodies. A well-known material is tobacco extract, man-
ufactured or homemade, but its effective time is so short that it must
be applied so as actually to hit the insects. lt is well suited to the
control of the plant lice but can also be used effectively against
the stink bugs while they are still in the immature, soft-bodied stage.
Use fresh spray (or dust) directly on the insects, and spray again in
30 minutes if not all are killed.
In the past several years rotenone has been increasingly used in
the control of sucking insects. lt kills by paralyzing, and is effective
for several days after it is applied. It kills plant lice readily and, if
strong enough, the hard—shelled stink bugs also, but not the harle-
quin bug on cabbage and on the greens of the cabbage family. For
the control of this insect handpicking is still best. Rotenone, too,
should be applied (spray or dust) when the insects are seen, but if
coverage is complete, continued killing is assured for several days,
because rotenone holds its potency longer.
MAY
Plant-
Sweet corn ......,. Golden Cross Bantam, Howling Mob (lst and 15th).
Cncumhers ........ Long Green or Straight Eight, or any white spine; for pick-
ling, Boston or Chicago Pickle.
Cantaloupes ........ Rorlry Ford. I-Iale’s Best, Hearts of Gold or Tip Top.
Sqnashcs (cymblings)White Scalloped, Summer Straightneck.
Squashcs (storing)..Green Striped Cuxhaw. Des Moines, Hulibard.
Watermelons ..,..... Stone Mountain, Kleckley or the resistant strains of these il
watermelon wilt is suspected.
Summer spinach .... New Zealand.
Okra ............... White or Green Velvet.
Beans .............. Stringless Greenpod, Pencil Pod Wax (15th and 30th).
lama beans ......... King of the Garden. Siena (pole); lopp’s Pole and Bash
and Henderson Bush.
Summer lettuce ...., Cos Trianon.

 · Tr-nz GA1u>eN, Mouri-1 BY Mowrn 11
Set-
Tomatoes ........... Any early variety, or see February, particularly concerning
[On wilt-resistant varieties.
laps Sweetpotatoes ....... Nancy Hall, Porto Rico, or Southern Queen.
nean Start—(in outside bed)-
void Canning tomatoes. . . Greater Baltimore, Stone, or Matchless.
Late cabbage ....... Drumhead, Copenhagen Market, Yell0ws·resisant Suc-
?a€h eession, or All Seasons.
Late broccoli ....... Calabrian.
lash Brussels sprouts ..... Danish Prize.
hese Cultivation.—The only worth-while reason for cultivating a
EPC, garden is to kill weeds, In fact, if weeds could be destroyed without
lim, stirring the soil at all, that would be all right, for several experiment
com stations have proved that snipping them off at the ground line gives ·
nam just as good results, and even better results, than deep stirring.
mm One excuse for "working" a garden is to loosen run-together soil.
the But that is no remedy; rather such soils lack humus. Deep stirring
linst is likely to injure the roots and cause temporary wilting, or some-
taga times complete killing of the vegetables. In any event there is set-
H in back that must be overcome, and time is lost, if not part of the crop.
Therefore, to control weeds, shave or scratch the soil surface just
d in deep enough to remove the smaller ones, and pull or cut off the
dive larger ones. A 16-tooth garden harrow or a 5-tooth cultivator may be
d, if used, but without any weights. As for hand tools, nothing is better
m_1c_ than a sharp hoe, used with a "scalping" or scraping motion. Like-
For wise, the side-hoe attachment on a garden plow is excellent.
{OO, "Smothering" the weeds in the row, by throwing a ridge over
ut if them, is not always effective and may be harmful, for, in making
(law ridges, soil must be borrowed from the middles and the moisture
level may fall below root reach.
Thus, in summary, let all cultivation be merely deep enough to
upset the weeds, while still small. Also, let the surface stay level, no
hilling and no ridging done, except possibly for potatoes, but then
,_ only to close the cracks the growing tubers make.
`Pl€k‘ Insect control.—A troublesome insect on potatoes coming up
It and on the vegetable plants in general is the black Heabeetle. It
riddles the leaves with many fine holes, sometimes killing the plants,
heseii but always setting them back. The best way to stop this insect is
to spray with bordeaux mixture, which is also the control for the
blight diseases to which all the vegetables are more or less subject.
tlgwl Bordeaux mixture is made of bluestone (blue vitriol) , lime, and

 1
12 EXTENSION Cmcurart N0. 376
water. It must be used fresh mixed as it spoils on standing. For 1
2% gallons 1
First, prepare "bluestone stock" by dissolving l pound of blue-
` stone (blue vitriol) in 5 quarts of water. Bluestone dissolves in about r
l hour if hung in 11 cloth sack just into the water; or powdered ~
bluestone may be used which can be dissolved by stirring. A non- i
metal container must be used, as bluestone "eats" metals. 1
Next, into a larger container (such as the tank, preferably brass)
of a 3-gallon compressed air sprayer, pour 9 quarts of water. Add l ‘
quart of bluestone stock, and 4 ounces of screened hydrated lime. ‘ I
Then stir or shake thoroly.
If Colorado beetles need to be controlled together with Heabeetles
and blight, on potatoes, add 2 rounded tablespoons of lead arsenate
to each gallon of bordeaux. For the vine crops, combination for blight
and cucumber beetles or blight and Mexican bean beetle is made by E
adding 2 rounded tablespoons of magnesium arsenate. For the bean
beetle, take particular pains to cover the under side of the leaves.
This way of making bordeaux mixture calls only for equipment  
easy to get: a sprayer (needed anyhow); a cream crock for dissolving I
the bluestone (and which is not harmed by so using); a corked jug I
in which to keep the unused portion of the "stock" until more bor- (
deaux needs to be made; a fruit jar or milk bottle to measure it and
the water, and a measure for the lime made by cutting down a I
baking powder can. Bordeaux mixture prepared for use in dust _, {
form, called "copper lime dust," can be obtained from seedsmen and
druggists. It is not feasible to mix c0pper—lime dust at home. {
JUNE *
Plant- I
Sweet corn ...... Golden Cross Bantam St0well's Evergreen (lst and l5tl1). g
Beans (lst to l5th)Stringless Greenpod or Refugee, double-size plantings for [
C8I`ll11I`lg' Sl1I`pll1S.
Beets ............ Detroit Dark Red, for winter storing.
Summer lettuce. Cos Trianon.
Cucumbers ....... Long Green, late picklers and slicers. (
Cantaloupes ...... (See May) *·
Set-
Tomatoes ........ (See May). l
Insects.- In this month, the fight against insects becomes inten-
sified because new generations have come. Refer to April.
Blight.- The hot, showery weather common in june favors
the spread of blight on tomatoes, eggplant, potatoes, beans, and thé
melon crops. See bordeaux mixture, under May.
Cultivation.- The uncertain moisture supply during this month

 Tmz GARDEN. Mowrn BY Monrn 13
or makes it advisable to cultivate carefully. "Working" the soil should
be stopped and "cultivation" substituted. See May.
te- Cleaning up.-During this month, some of the early crops be·
ut come mature and spent vines and plants should be removed to pre-
ed vent the spread of diseases that may be present, and to get rid of
»n- insect havens. These cleared spots may be put to use by planting
them to beans, sweet corn, or late tomatoes.
ss)
1 ‘ JULY
1€_ · Plant-
Sweet corn ............. Golden Cross Bantam, Slowell’s Evergreen (lst and
l€S Beans (15th and 30th). . Sffggless Greenpod or Refugee; double size plantings
ue for canning surpluses
Summer lettuce ......... Cos Tr1anon_
ght lleets for storing ....... Detroit Dark Red
by Set-
an Late cabbage and late t0mat0es.. (See May).
Pests.—Trouble with insects and diseases will not abate during
mt this month; in fact, _]uly’s hot weather and scarcity of rain contribut-
mg ing, the ravages of insects are intensified. See April, and May for
ug bordeaux mixture. Bordeaux mixture, by the way, has a ton1c effect
Op on plants and appears to offset lack of moisture.
nd Cultivation.- With moisture uncertain, the need for cultivating
I R to conserve it becomes all the more important. See May, and refrain
ust ` from deep "working," hilling, and ridging.
nd Sanitation.- Removing spent vegetable tops and vines should
continue, and the spots and rows so vacated should be planted to
late vegetables as long as there is enough time for them to mature
before frost, October 15 being the average date of killing. Toward
the end of the month, greens also may be sown. Siberian kale, South-
). ern Curled mustard, or Bloomsdale Savoy spinach. At the worst,
fm these plantings serve as winter cover crops.
AUGUST
Set-
Rhubarb. if neglected this spring (See March).
Plant-
len Beans ,...... . .... Slringless Greenporl (not much after August 1).
Kale ........... ..Sil2rrian.
Turnip greens. .. Seven Top
,01-S Table turnips .... Purple Top White Globe.
Chinese cabbage. (Celery Cabbage) Pe Tsai.
the Lettuce .,......., Grand Rapids or New York (Wonderful)
Radishes ......... An early variety, or White or Rose Chinese
nth Beers (perhaps)..Crosby’s Egyptian

 u
14 Exriawsiow Crxcumlx No. 376
Chinese cabbage should be sown "in place" soon after August 1:
1 ounce of seed should sow 100 feet. Thin to 12 inches. Watch for
plant lice at any stage.
Lettuce, both heading and leaf sorts may be had far into the winter
by sowing seed in a shaded place, August 1. In 4 to 6 weeks, transfer
into a cold frame and shade at least during the heat of the day. \Vhen
frosty nights come, place the sash, but give ample ventilation during
the day. Later in the season keep the sash placed most of the time.
New York lettuce may thus be kept in line, usable condition until
really severe weather comes, sometimes until Christmas.
Winter cover crops should be sown this month. The advantage
of putting the garden under a growing cover cannot be overstressed.
If the garden was arranged to have the early crops together in one
place, the weeds where they stood should be chopped in or plowed
under to make a seedbed for rye, ryegrass, crimson clover (in latitudes
south of Lexington), barley, or wheat, or several of these in combina-
tion. In rich gardens no additional fertilizing is needed, but a light
dressing of manure helps always. This cover, to be turned under next
spring, takes the place of the fibrous part of manure, keeps the soil
. from washing during the winter and saves plant food. In this last
respect it is better than stable manure.
A substitute “winter cover crop" is greens: kale, turnip greens, table
turnips, mustard or rape. Quite hardy