xt78sf2m6j47 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt78sf2m6j47/data/mets.xml Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 1890 Title from cover.
Imprint varies. journals English Frankfort, Ky. : Capital Office, E. Polk Johnson, 1890-1948. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Annual report. 1890 text Annual report. 1890 1890 2011 true xt78sf2m6j47 section xt78sf2m6j47   A THIRD ANNUAL REPORT A  9 
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A  AGR|GUE.TURAI.. EXPERIMENT STATION  
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  0.. THE ·  ·
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E STATE COLLEGE OE KENTUCKY. _ {_ 
  » FOR. THE YEAR 1890. Y A 
  LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY. A ~  
  FRANKFORT, KY.: A  
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  79  
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= LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. ·`  '
To His Excellency, HON. JoHN Yorme Bnown, Governor ry `  
Kentucky.-  
SIR.: Under the authority of the Board of Control, and in .  
accordance with an act of Congress, approved March 2, 1887,  
· and entitled "An act to establish Agricultural Experiment Sta-  Lg 4
tions in connection with the Agricultural Colleges established ~ E 
in the several States, under the provisions of an act, approved A; 
July,2, 1862, and of the acts supplementary thereto," and of 3 ~
an act of the Legislature of the State of Kentucky, approved f' 
February 20, 1888, and entitled "An act to accept the provis- l·‘i ` _~
» ions of an act passed by the Congress of the United States, ap- '  
proved March 2, 1887, for the establishment and maintenance of l l
Agricultural Experiment Stations in connection with the Agri- ] ·
cultural Colleges established by the several States and Territories
under the act of Congress, approved July 2, 1862," I hereby , ti
submit the Third Annual Report of the Kentucky Agricultural V j
Experiment Station. p . 
Very respectfully, i
M. A. Soovnm., Director, ` °  
Novnmsnn 17, 1891. ‘  
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LIST OF OFFICERS  
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BOARD OF CONTROL. 4  
A Di:. R. J. S1·Uuu, Oiiuirmzm.  
JUD11Nsl*0x.  
I’1uL. Bum.   I
R, A. Svuim. ‘  —‘
D1:. J. D. (Jr.A121>Y. A? 
J. K. Plyrwizusey, Presicleut of the College. I ` 
M. A. SCOVELL, l)i1·eete1·, Secretary. ‘ IT 
.i  ii
STATION OFFICERS. V I
M. A. S· `   1  
  6 REPORT OF AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.  
.,___;_;     Nitrtl . pe
  " * 4
  THE KENTUCKY AGRIO ULTURAL EXPERIMEN T {9
  STATION IN Acco UNT WITH THE UNITED  
  _`-'    
  STA TES APPROPRIA TZON tg
  *s
    To receipts from the Treasurer of the United States under appropria—  
  tion for fiscal year ending June 30th, 1890, under act of Congress, Eg
  {if? approved March 2d, 1887 .................... $15,000 00  j
  iis     li
    By salaries . ..................... $7,830 O0  
  ' §1QQ By labor . ...................... 2,239 79 » j
    By supplies ..................... 573 31   f
,.§.J§@32L's1¢q2j; rf * rci an ex ress ................ ..0 it
LY‘,I2..Q,.`§j FJ Bs f sht d P 165 "' .
    By postage and stationery ............... 161 41 g
E1`?-§e3§·,~·_;>§‘5=   B ' t` . ................... . . 1,'O" 65 1 1
    1;;   ..................... ‘ lilo 45 1  
    By tools, implements and machinery .......... 276 49 ,» _
}*gi*» f€;Y_   By chemical apparatus and supplies. .......... 294 94 1
    By furniture 284 10 ` {
    By live stock . ...... · · ............ 21 20  
  By incidentals . . .. ................. 239 12 i
  ""'¥*,§·g—l   B Y buildin ..................... — 512 35 ii
R.   as 5 g _ _
   V By entomological apparatus and supplies ...,.... 292 50
.r§.{·”;x·`lK¥?E§l   B * traveling expenses . ................ 128 10 ~
  * 1 Bl d cs 31
._»_;_;_·;__,_,_~:,§?- is y see s . . ..................... 1
    -i-—— $15 000 00 1
_·.i::**....,•:·..,?¢¤*l   ———--—
i·P~i·~:  T     . - . . . ,
 _..1~Z i»%Ti We, the undersigned, duly authorized auditors for the in- y _
 d i ll;  stitution, hereby certify that we have examined the books and ·
  the accounts of the Experiment Station of the Agricultural
E,  College of Kentucky for the year ending June 30th, 1890, that f
 " "`*""‘*Ll  "T . . .
if  e gg ; ;— we have tound them well kept, and correctly classified as
°"*“""   ifi _4  V- . . .
pi   a  1 above, and that the recei nts for the time named are shown to
 T-ukw e   . .
,·- —=~¤’. Q s    have been $15,000 and that the corres Jondin disbursements
 €____ ,: _A , E > l S »
  $15,000, for all of which proper vouchers are on Hle, and have
  ii been examined and found correct. _
  si   . +::1
  [Signed] VV. B. KINKSAD, 1  
  I Wifi ` HART Gnsson, ,
    Auditing Committee BoaTcZ cy" Trustees. ,
  Q` 3
    I hereby certify that the foregoing statement of account, to 1
  _g   which this is attached, is a true copy from the books of account
      of the institution named.
  l-at   XV. D. N ICHOLAS, Treasurev`.
  lg Q Attest: HART Gmson,
    See’y of the Board of Trustees.
. j‘j;j`~ _`._  V 

 ¢‘  I l 1
T   _  
' `
ANNUAL REPORT _ ‘ i
<
—·OF TH l•I— iv L
M Kentucky Agt·icnltu1‘·al Expcriiinont Station    
l0 V ‘
Z FOR ZLSQO. , y
`
REPORP OF 'l`I·IE DIRECTOR. f 
 l
Our investigations which havo been carriefl lar onough along   I
to show results, have boon published in tho Bulletins of tho year i ni
which are l11COl‘]_)>I‘2`L/DBLI in this report. Tho lines of iavestiga- MZ 'A
2 vtion have almost wholly been confined to lield oxpoiimonts and _l _ 
__ chemical work, and investigation: and the study of G/iliQOlI]OlOg— y  
1 ical and botanical subjects. it 
1 In the Chemical Ll`LlUOl'Zii~>I‘}', piactically, the same lines of A 1
t - work were continued this your as hei·etoYoi·e plazmod out. The _1
S stuily of tha composition ol the conn plint was c mtiuuoll in   ,*
O ·COllI1€Cl}l()I'l with tho eXpoi·im+nts ml»esell in Bulletin number I y 
y 28, and pttrtial resuts w are pu`>lishe¢l in that Bulletin. yn , g
Q In addition to th's, somt· analytic il work was done i11 connoc- I U  
tion with fo tiling €X1l€l`llllliIllS, ro u·g-•g·[:j_L  Q} . . . . · I V `_
  t1ns and one ClI`Cllltll`——l3llll€blIlS Nos. 23 to 31, inclusive, and; . ·
     Z`,} . , . . , ~
‘Fs., . ._  I C1rcular No. 3 following. About ten thousand cop1es ot each; .
 *s·2,·.·•»~»-ay; i _ . _ I I I -
  ,2 of these Bulletins have been dlSlI`1l)l]t€d 1n the State. —
 L    Respectfully submitted. ¥· t
. m   Z _
 gg , M. A. SCOVELL, Dzrector- ~ »
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)f OBSERVATIONS ON FARM PESTS. 1  
e- _ * ‘ 
br, I   . H  
l` i i nw n. exnwxn, r:Nro1tot,o<>ts’r .-mn B ·'r,xNtsroti¤·rz 12-pznzwfrifr/, Offrjl.  
)f This insect is deserving of special attention just now because I  
E it ap; eats to be undergoing a change ol' habit sitnilar to those   ,
[S undergone in the past by sevrral other native American insects,  jl
np and probably due to the dest: netion by the cnltivatioii of land, h  
· and by grazing. of the wild plants upon which it has hitherto I f 
subsistcd. Tlzis explanation of its sudden ap, earance recently 1  
over a wide extent of territory as a coin-iniesring insect, serine ji _
to me the only one warranted by the published facts of its his-    
*· tory.  
li Until 1888, ,D??ClZ)7`OU/YL ]*?—])?LlZC[(ZZ(L did not appear in the T 
li literature of economic Entomology as an iinptrtant eneniy of l I
any of our staple crops. Mr. R. P. \Valsl1, writing in 1866
(Pract. Ent., I, 110) and rteferrincg io the beetle, states that "it ‘ ifi
is very injurious to flowers especially to Dahlias," and inlers that i  
it is in part iezponsible for an injury to tl1e leaves of melons, I  
cucumbers and other plants, of which one of his correspondents    J]
complains. , 1
, . In 1868, \Valsh and Riley (Ain. Ent. Vol. I, 227), in iw ply to
a correspondent in Busliberg, Missouri, wrote of the same beetle: V 
" The yellow beetle with twelve black spots which we herewith  r
illustrate (Fig, 168, twice natural size), and which has been so
destructive to your watermelons and Hubbard squashes, is the
12—spotted Diabro1ica." In the same place, in reply to R. D. ·T
Parker of Manhattan, Kansas, these authors state that insects   { 
sent to them for deteiminaaion are also D. lipzmclatca. ,
In 1870, Prof. C. V. Riley (2d Missouri Report, 66) wrote I ·
l

   · ’·r;·}-1
  10 nnrorrr OF AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT S{1‘AT1oN.  
  both melons, cucumbers and squashes," a statement which is lv
  repeated in 1872 by Mr. E. B. Reed (Ent. Soc. Ont. Report for  
  isn, 91). fg ’
  Prof. S. A Forbes somewhat extends the knowledge of the l
  feed habits Of the beetle by recording in his report as State  
  Entomologigt Of Iliinois- (P, 104) that it was observed August  
  1, 1882, feeding on the pollen of corn and on the blossoms of  
    clover. e I 
  One of the most notable cases of injury by the beetle is that _  
  reported in 1888 by the editors of Insect Life (Vol. 1, 58). In  
  an orchard at Herndon, Virginia, planted chieiiy in 1887, young _ I
  apricot and plum trees are stated to have been badly injured in p
  late; Appl} and (ggyly   by [ht} beetles, V§’lllCl1 Cl9VOUl°€d thi'!  
  leaves as they unfolded. The land on which the trees were ig
    planted was mostly in corn in 1887, but a half acre had been in ,
    melons. In concluding their notice the authors use the follow-
  ·:.t   .  ing words ; ‘
    "It is safe to say, h nvever, that this occurrenae is excep- _
 `_ _ t  tional, and that it depended almost entirely upon the peculiar ,
    ;1rl;L;p1;t;;c;sI;t‘a youve? orcliaril haviugtbeeu]i>l1E¤1§€ilhfl0S<=* to V s
  ’ ¢ ' €·01 pa C 1, W IIC was no re ‘> an et is rear, .
  The beetles undoubtedly bred upon the meloris last season? and -
   ‘  hllJ€‘1’¤3f€Fl lu large numbers. The present spring, iindn; no
    more appropriate fond at hand, they took to the young plums  
 Al  I and ?lll1“lC0LS 1l'1<31'€l}' ae fl Substitute, VVe have little leg; tlleye- l
  ll fore, that an new habit has been formed." _ Q
  Vvhllf basis the illl hOi‘S had lo? the positive statem ¤nt that
    the beetles bred upon the melons I am unable to say, but it is
      more than probable, from what is now known of the life history V ,
  of the insect, that many of the beetles had developed instead » I
    OU M16 TOOYS of the 00111. These: references and quotations will
    Serve my purpose of presenting the insect HS it WHS lillOWll to
    entoynologists during the time which they COVGI`. It is to be
    Uolllgll lllill UO T€f€1’GHCt+ is Hlzide by the editors of Insect Life
    to the effect that the beetles breed upon melons. It thes-+ au-
gfjigijggft   thors had known at the time their notice was written that larval
    . .Dl.(Lb}'()Z'Z'C(l ]»}—j7ZH2tCi(L[CL feed on the roots of corn, We may as-
    Slllm lllill they “’0Hl  l l lll l
  li `

  I tl
  REPORT QF AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 11  
f   which the relation between the injury to the trees and the corn- v' 
s ll infesting habit is so evident. t  
r   _ During the years 1882 and 1883 Prof. S. A. Forbes made a . 
I thorough study of the related D. Zovtgticomtis, which affects the I ,
e roots of corn in Illinois and other Middle States. In this region `· W l
e D. 12—ptmcZttict is a very common species, occurring everywhere "  
t   in gardens and fields on tlowers. VVith the thorough examina- ~   _
tf S tion of insects from the roots of corn, which, to my knowledge, ·I {
A was made by him, it is altogether unlikely that it would have i i
t V   escaped notice if its larvae had then been present in any num- I
D bers in coin-fields. A  
Q In the report for 1887(published in 1888) of the Entomologist  
tl of the National Departnient of Agriculture, Mr. F. M. lVebster t V,
e states, in a brief notice, that while in Louisiana in l886, "we V  
e frequently heard of fields of young corn being seriously in- t  ll ’
Li jared during some seasons by a small white worm which at- _  
- tacked the roots, usually during April. From the description    
` given us of the pest, and its manner of attacking the plants, we 1  
- first thought it might be the larva of D. Z072f//.CO7"}L?i·S', as the pt 3 
r habitat of that species is known to extend southward to Central    
D America. On April 12 of the present year (1887) we were .~ 
‘. enabled to solve the problem by finding considerable numbers , _ 
I of these larvte in a field of corn in Tensas Parisli. La., where  
0 they were working considerable mischief by killin! the young l
s , plants. As observed by us, their inode ot attack differed from W  
- that of their northern congener, in that they did not appear to , , t‘
. attack the fibrous roois or bur); themselves in longitudinal A , 
E channtls excavated in the larger roots. On the contrary, they _l  
s burrowed directly into the plants at ul near the upper whorl of I    
5* roots, which almost invariably resulted in the death of the I  
I plant. Both of these field-t had produced cotton the preceding h
l year. The adult beetles were frequently seen before we ob- Y 
0 served the larvae, but they were not abundant about the plants F I
e in the corniields, being usually on the yellow blossoms of a _
2 species of aster which springs up in cultivated grounds early in F .
- the spring in great abundance. No pupze were found, although  
l careful search was made for thein." F  
- The above is the earliest notice D. /.2-ptmcfrzlat as acorn . l
1 - insect of importance which I have seen. Unfortunately the  
l

 l·—»      
  12 Rnronr OF AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.  
 s        
  writer does not state whether his conclusion as to the author of  
  the injury was the result of inference, or was arrived at by (Lg
  carrying the larvae through their transformations. From the  
  fact that he had not found pupae up to the time of writing, it is    
  proper to assume that the transformations were not observed. °
  As a possible clue to one of the original food—plants of the  
  ‘» larva, attention is directed to the fact that he found the beetles  
    abundant on an aster (from its yellow color it would appear to  
    belong to sonre other genus) growing on cultivated ground. If,  
  as is not unlikely from an observation made by Prof. Lugger,  
  and reported further on, the plants observed by Mr, Webster  
  are attacked by tlre larvae, the fact may have an important  
  economic bearing. ` p - · .
  ,___DUl'1l]g the years 1889 and l890, the injury from larvae to if
  corn attracted attention overa wide area of country. To my T,
  knowledge it has been witnessed in Virginia, Alabama, Missis- lg
  sippi, Louisiana, Askansas, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana and  
    ornc.
  My own observations began July 15, 1889, and have continued,  
  as other work permitted, to the present tirne. A brief notice V
 gg     of the insect, its habits and stages, was printed in the Louisville l .
  Home and Farrn, September 1, 1889, and in November of the { t
  sanre year was followed by a more elaborate account of the ·
    transformations and descriptions of the stages, presented before a _
  meeting of the Association of (dflicial Economic Entonrologists   1
  AP'. at Washington. (See Insect Life, Vol. 2, 179.) 5
  The latter paper is embodied in what follows, with the addi- t I
  tion of observations made during the winter of 1889-90 and
    the spring of 1890. 7
  irnn 1NJUnr TO conn.  
    The larva of this insect works rrruch like its congener, D. Zongi-   I
    c0¢nz`.s·, commonly destroying the roots, but often also working
    on the under-ground part of the stalk. The larva of D. longi-
  cornis often makes alongitudinal burrow in a root, leaving
    little outward trace of its presence. The larval D. 12-pzmctctlct
    has not been observed to work in this manner, the roots being
  `vni ,   mined and channeled irregularly, often bored through from
      side to side, or completely devoured where the worms are abund-
   
    lt ·

  >  sl
T   REPORT OF AGRICULTURAL EXPEl{Il\IEN'I` s‘rATIoN. 13  
Of   ant. Very few fields in Kentucky are entirely free from injury, A  
,5,   and many are afected very injuriously, the damage being per- . j l
19   o oeptible to casual observation in the retarded growth, and, as· . 
is T the seasons advance. in the prostration of infested corn by the ' g
d_ winds. As a rule, the injury is greatest on land that retains `· ll 
IB moisture longest. On high and well drained land it is not so "  il
BS   prevalent. In all these respects it agrees with the related corn- L   V
to lis root worm of the North. _ .. ,
if, _ I have not observed thus far that its abundance has any rela- ll X
In ' tion to the land having been previously in corn. The northern
Br species, it will be remembered, is commonly most abundant on l l
at old corn land. Two of the worst infested fields examined in  
· 1889, were one in tobacco, and the other in oats, in 1888. A I ,
{O third field, in corn in 1887 and 1888, was in oats in the spring of l  
,5, 1889, these to be followed the same season by a late planting of  lll I
S_ corn. This difference in the injuries of the two corn root worms ,  
ld is to be attributed to the fact that D Z072_f]}'CO7"lZ2l8 hibernates in    
the egg state 1n the earth or cornitield, whereas D. 12—pu;zoziazfa , j 
3, hibernates, at least in great part, as an adult beetle which wan-  
39 ders actively about in fall and spring in search of food. Still, . r g
jg the observation reported in Insect Life concerning injury to  
,6 orchard trees planted on corn land renders it probable that in , 
,9 some cases beetles which develop in corn land hibernate there. I, V:
a This would certainly be the case at any rate if the corn was
ts very late. · D. 1Q—p2mcfa1fcz seems to be the only corn root-worm  
of Kentucky, and certainly is the only generally injurious one. l i'
_i_ During two seasons’ collecting I have not found a single speci- if V 
ld men of D. Z072,_QIlC07`7?,’iS within the limits of the State,    
LIFE IIIsToI~:Y (Fon I~:IsN