xt7crj48sg14_1 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7crj48sg14/data/mets.xml https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7crj48sg14/data/2009ms132.0454.dao.xml unknown 0.06 Cubic Feet 1 folder archival material 2009ms132.0454 English University of Kentucky The physical rights to the materials in this collection are held by the University of Kentucky Special Collections Research Center.  Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Wade Hall Collection of American Letters: Women's travel diary Travel diary text Travel diary 2024 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7crj48sg14/data/2009ms132.0454/Box_wh_27/Folder_5/Multipage1.pdf 1924, 1949-1950 1950 1924, 1949-1950 section false xt7crj48sg14_1 xt7crj48sg14  

  

 

 

  

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A RisiNG BAROMIC'I'ER. ‘
A rapid rise indicates unsettled weather. I
' A gradual rise indicates settled weather. . , I
I A rise wiih dry air and cold increasing{ in Summer ”1(11— I
cates wind from the northward ;and it rain has fallen, better
weather may he expected, .

A rise with moist air and a low temperature indicates
I wind and rain from the northward.

A rise with southerly winds indicates tine weather.

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THE MARINERS COMPASS

The inventinn m’ the t‘iVIHII.’|\~ wzt< fm‘merly placed about

 

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the )em' IS‘U. when it i~ untiwwwl I41 have Men ‘ll‘KWH‘t‘YWl
h_\- li‘lzn'io (iinizt, :t nzttne mt .\m:iln in the Sinnli wt llltl},
yllHH'CYL‘l'. thi> is tlllt'l‘lllll‘l heemhe it is ltnuwn ti» e linen I
f in use in liurniie in the 11th t‘entin'}, and there .n'e milk '8‘
’ entwns that in «nize ll‘ltllllt’l‘ (l tnztgnttit‘ needle \\'«'1\ null .
‘1' h} the t‘lnntse SHUU years hefure. 0"
I The ennnutw (if l-‘lmiri Ninjas design was (lividerl int/i a:
' unly S IlttllllS. :tnd mulently \\£t>. at \‘t" rude emisttzietinn. '
’ :ts nztny (it the l’ui‘tugnebe for years unterwzn‘ds L'HllLlllllt“l '
tn steer by the coast. g

The discovery of that quality ut- the Cnlnpztss knmnt (IS ‘
“Variation" 15 attributed to Cnlumhux till his “0.540 wt dis~ I
em'ery in 1402. _\,~ recently (is the 15th eentury the enm- .

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{tlhs was \‘try inditterently made (tll’l used and even up tn
the present day there >till remains mut’h nmm fur impruvw
ment in many respects. Nu nmigutur is Silllsllt'tl tn iilzu'e
implieit llllllt in hi< emutmwtw nu mztttri' linw carefully thty
mu) lizn'c heen {llljthtt‘tl either by hinhe't~ or hy an e\iitt':

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at"
(tilithtet‘. l’rtinugnt nhsei‘v tinns are made at every nptnit‘ a
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tunity at sea tn determine its ilCL‘tlfllt‘)‘ \\ith the ziirl nt :1
I’elnrus and Smtttnt and other seienttlie instt‘tnnents Lind
methods contrived for this INH'IYUSC.

A mariners (‘mhth’lSS cousins (if three parts. The needle,
the card, and the hn\\li The needle. or needles. are set in
:t frame mi whirh the Card is mnnnted, (llltl the whnle is
snmmrtevl hy n lxivnt in :1 howl whieh is air tight and ti‘led
with nun-trewmg liquid. The idea «it the liquid is to pre- .‘
vent the Cuntplhs eztrd from swinging its the vessel rolls or I”
pitches in it SCZUHI)‘.

The face of the Card is divided intn 32 pnints, each suh-
rli\ided into eieltthx', :intl artiunil the enteme edge mt the
card the degrees nf the eit'ele are mailed. these ninth are
unmhei'ed {rum yen) zit Nurth Illlll Snuth tn 90 (1t taut and
Vest, In Ull‘tlt‘l‘H L'OHIIXIDSCS the dtgree divisinns of the ezn'tl
are numhei‘ed trum zet'o ztt Nurth eunntletely ai‘nund the
eiretintterem'e Hf the Fill‘tl tn 360 in the ,M’ttllt‘ (lit etinn 115
the hands of :1 Noel; revolve, lly admitting this , ,tem of
mmirziss it is (l5‘llttlt‘ll tliztt mistxtltes are less liztltlf‘ ti) ueeui’
ill the ll'llllSItll,~\iitlt of an Ul'llCl' t'uneerning the count-
from one tiersmi tn :nmtlier un limn'd >lll|l, Aside from Il1i>
improvement it {tht lizts «ithei' it‘lvillllilg‘t‘h “hielt it is lit‘
lieved by nmny itlllllttl'lllt‘> nn tlit suhieet \\ill justify the
change frmn the uld to the new system of designating the
points of the Compass.

 

    
 

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VARIATION OF THE COMPASS

The 11t‘1‘1ll0 111' the (‘11!!111I\~$ “ill'll 1111i111l111‘111'1'1l hy the irnn
in the ship imiiits 111 the Magnetic 1\11rth l’ulc 111' the lini'th.

The Nurth Magnetic I’ulc i> i11 l:1t't111l1~ 70415“ .\', :11111
Longitude ‘1043° \\'. :1111l the 81111111 Kliiiziit-tir l’ult‘ 1~ i11
Latitude 73-30” 5.1111(l I11111g1tttrlt' 47-SUL‘ if. ’l‘llt‘y :11'1‘ nut
«li:1mv11‘it':1ll_\' opposite each uthcr :1~ IllL‘ (it'tvgmiihu‘nl 111' True
Polo art‘.

it:

,\s the geographical l‘olt‘s :1t the North :1111l Snuth 91111.:
(if the (‘Kll‘lll :11111 the Klztailvtit‘ l'ul1~~ \\ltlt‘ll i11tl111111‘1‘ the
c11111[1;< 2111‘ not 111 the >:11111- l111‘11l11}. tl11-1’1‘ ix \\h:1t i: m'lwl
a Vztt‘mtiuu 1,1t' thy 0111111 111‘ Magnetic 1l11'li11111i1111.

   

 

This variation (lil't'm's i11 1li1£'1»1'1~1'1 11:11-15 11f tht‘ R’ltiltt‘ and
there (111* 11111111: 1'1‘111'1‘51‘11tt‘1l 1111 :1 l1111- 1'111111i11g Ht’t'tt'ly 11111111!
the earth 21t uhit'h llltl‘c is 1111 \111'1:1ti1111 :11 :1ll. i.1'., “11:10
the " 111-1-1ll1- 1111i11ts 111 l1111h lllt’ 'l‘i'ut‘ :11111 lllt‘ .\l:1,.r
' at Illt 5111110 time. 111‘ 1'11 uthr‘r \1111'1ls, when huth
North l'mlcs '
ttltSCt‘Vt‘I' there i> 1111 \111'i:11i1111. :1111l 11> 1hc 11111111 1111111 “hit‘h
they are \‘il‘\\t‘1l i> :1l11-1‘1‘1l tlu- \‘111'iz11i1111 i.» i111‘1‘e:1.~c1l ur
(limitlishutl in like 111-1111111'1i1111 111 the :mglc l)t‘t\\‘t‘ctt the two
[)0le 215 they 1111‘ Ullbk'l'VL‘tl {111111 :111)‘ 1111th 1111 the 1-;11'th's
surface.

The Variatinn is plainly nlfll'ht'fl fur all localities 011 all

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5% n‘u»““\

3,..nmri11e Charts {111' lllt‘ guitlzmm wt 1111\1g:1t11rs “hen §l11111111g ”I,
a the Course of :1 \‘t‘S.~Cl !1_\ 1‘111111111» :1111l :1 mi» film: 111 this Ear
culculatmn wnttltl (‘111z1il truulilvsuint- l't‘>lll[$. ‘herc is an
» 3‘ annual change 1'11 the \':11‘i:1ti1111 h11t this i» not great (~111111gl1 n53;
I, to he of any 11111111rt21111'v tu 11:1vigz1turs. “f

To understand the meaning 11f the \‘zn'intiou clearly g‘zmce
at the North 51:11‘ 211111 (IltSCI‘YC its limiting 11y ("111111;1». The
difference hctuct‘n its hearing hy cumin» :11111 111111111th hy (HIM;

  

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DEVIATION OF THE COMPASS
1 ‘ 1 ' " 1-1 11 111 111-111;
111 '11 11111u11111~‘11 111 1111- 1'111111 1» 111m
-1111 -1 11:1} ~111 111111 111111 may
111.1111 11111111111111.1 111;1g11111~111 111
.1 111 \\:.11‘11 1111' \1~\11 1:11} 111 1111111,
. 1 1111 11111111.“ 11111.1» 11-1111 11111 1111141.:11‘
111 11111111 1: 11‘1. 111‘ 1 11} 111 :111:.11 11
1 1.1111 ~f111 1:. 11.1- ~.111 1~ 1‘1. .111 11~11111 111 \1\
\(1) (11111111111‘ "

\ 1 \1\\1 .1»‘111

    

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11.1 111111111

 

     
  
 
   

 
  
 

111 1111- 1111111111“ 111

1.11111111 11 1111 1111111

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1' 1111 1111\11111- \ 111’
1111} :1 ~11111
' 1'1'1111~11’111‘11--11
I11 111':\1 11
11111111 111 11:1 .1

1‘1 1111'
'11- \1\_1‘. 1
11111-1x11111 :11 \\ 11111111 1111 1~ 11 111- 111
11111 '~ 1111~1' 1'111‘1211 111 1111‘
‘.'\"1"11.111 \1111111 11 \11111111 1111 :11 L1 111
1:1:111'1111.

['11 11111 1' 111-x11 <11 :1R1‘1‘r111111111}: 1111- 11'1111‘ 111 1111- 01411151“
1111~111111111'\ 11 1 1111111 111111) ~11 111111 \11;1 :11111 :1 111-\111111111
1.111 1‘ 1E1'.1\\‘1 1111 111 1111111111111 1111111 >111111111u 1111 1‘1111111111‘!
111 1111 11‘11 1'1 1' '11:111111Q~ 1111' 1111 1111111J1111'1- 111 1111'
1:1 ‘1.\ :11111.: 11.1- >11111,

1‘\11_\' ~1111 1111\ 11< :*\\11 111-\111111111 051111. :11111 (111111111 .1
11' 11 111.11111g 1111\1'1 11} :1 111111111 1’ 1111111
11:11 111 1111111 1111.1 111111 111 111111 11111111':11;11' 01111111“

:11 (1111111119

     

 

 

 

 

    

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\ 1' .1111 111 11.

'1'1x1- 11l1~111\:1111111< :11‘11 111111111 \11111 .1 51\1:11111 :111 11711111111
1‘11’1 .11 \1111111 1~ 11111-11 111 1111‘ 1‘11\11' 111 1111 11111114 111' .1'1
111~11 ‘1111 111111111 :1 1'11111'11~ 111' 51111 1111111111“. ' 1111111

       

1) 1> 111(-
111 1'1111111
1111\1"-"1111\;111111111
111v >1:1 :11 111' 11
11111111 \/11:
1

1~1 11111111111 :11111 «1115111111111 1111111111 :11111 '~
‘ 11:11111~‘1111 111 11.1- 111111111
1111mm 11111 11"11~ 111‘I11'111q 111

    

   
  

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1 1~ 1\':1111111~ 1111\1- 111 111' 1111111 111 11111'1'11'1111- 11111 '1'111
' 11 111 1111‘ $1;11\_ '1‘111' 11 11 111:11‘111;I 111-111:

  
   

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111111111 11111 1'1111111111‘1111 \\'111 111 ( 111111'1\~ 111:11‘11'1; >1111\\\ 1111'
111 11' 111 1111' 111111111“ 1 1 111111 11111111 11 11 111 1111 \\1111'11 1111‘
~11111 \\.1\ 11111111 14 111 11111 1 111 111v «1 ~11\11:11111 \111~ 1111\1111.

  

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918111 111 :1 111'1111_~\1 11 .111‘1~111’ 11< :1 11111 1~ 11111- 111 “111111
1111 1111\111111111 11.’1~ 1111111 111'11‘.111 «11' 1‘1-1111111.1111111 111 11 1:11:41'
111 1~211u 11y 1111111112 11111141111“ 111111 011111-11” 11111111111 11 111
~111’11 :1 11:;1111111' 11:11 11111 1'1111111:1~,~‘ 11 1111' 111111115 111-111'11' N111’111
1:11111 111. «IN? 11111111119 1111'11'111' N11111:! 1‘1-1' 1.11‘11 11111'111‘111111‘
1111111111111 111 1111' 4‘ '\ 111111

1711r :111'1<11:111111 111‘ 111111' 1‘111111111i\<‘~ ~11111< :11'1‘ s111111q 11111111!
111 :1 111' “1111 111' 1‘1111‘ \\1'1u111~ .1111 >1111'1\ 1111 111111111 (11111
111 1111111 111111’1'~ 111111 1111* 11111111‘111111 111 1111- ~11111K 111111 is 11
111111-11 111 11 111111111.11111 1111 1111 [11111115 111111111; 11111 prucc» 111
5111111111114, 111111 11 (.1111 111' 1'1-511111211 chaIlun: is made up
at the sums 111111;.

 

 

 

 

 

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AIDS TO NAVIGATION

Brain» IiI-TAL'HNS, AND ('iiAxxt-zi. MARKS.

   

Buoys cumlirisv spar him-\s. Iiiiii him) 5. L‘IHI hunys. bell
buoys. \Vlllfilltllg humis Ellltl gzis lungs. 'llirsv r0 all tluatiiig
marks, Siiiiiillm :iiiil Iik’ltk‘itth zirv llilll‘l\~' which run HI] :I

solid fUlHltliilIUll, II’CIIIIL‘III') “II II >iiliiiici'gctl ruck or >liugil. 5:3"
I.

 

:\ll liiinys ziiiil liczicmis (HUI lights li(l\‘(‘ thvir lll‘lliigt\l>llnlfq g” 3.},
marks (Iiiil t'iiliii‘s liy “lllt’ll (i Illlll‘llltl' \\itli lllt’ (Illl of INS 3‘“
lcziil :iiivl sniiiiiiliiigs mIi_\ ll\ lii> 1m>itiuii Iiii-l Iiiii'~Iiv (1 suite;
CULu'hL‘ iii a trig and in shallow and ltllt‘L‘l’lIlill \\'Il1L'I'.\. ‘,

The Inlliiwnig nrtlrr is ttltSL‘rVLlI iii cmlm‘iiig nml iium~
lieriiig ltlltt-YS ziluiig the CUIISIS, or iiI ltil)'>, lizirhiirs, souiiils.
or cliziiiiicls.

III approaching the Channel {rum FL‘EI\\'IIT‘tI, RED l’illtWS
\\ith EVEN NUMBERS zirc Il2155L‘lI wit the S’lh\Rlll).\Rll
(RIGHT) li;iiiil, Iiii11
eitlicr SHIC of tlitm. and may hr mi; ‘11 (Ill (‘llllk'l‘ haul in
passing in. Buoys luiiiitwl with \\'III E leltl l’.Lr\(‘l{ l’ER-
PENIIICI'LAR S'I‘RII’ES Lire li'urml lll IIIItI’L‘IlZIllIlCI :Iiiil
must he liasmsd cliisc hy to avoid «lziiigcr.

I’ERCIIES \I'itli BALLS, CAGES, ETC, m1 BYOYS
niIirlI turning points, thv: CUlHI‘ ztiILl iiumlicr of the bum);
lntllCleIHg (ill “hich side it slizill be passed.

NI‘N BL'OYS, prmici‘ly colored and numhcred, are usually (f’
plated on the starlinairil (right) side, and (LAN BL'OYS on $9
the port (left) side, of channels. "

   
 

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHTHOUSE LIGHTS
Fixed. A continuous SIL‘IltIy light.

Flashing. (a) I\ single flush (It regular ltlii‘l’valS.
(b) r\ stoaily light with total cclilisc.

 

Fixed :1an Flushing. A tixcrl light VZti‘it‘tl at regular in- ,
tervals by a Single flush of grczittr ltt‘illlzllle. If“
lift-MID. Flushing. Showing zit regular 11]It‘i'\ills Various 3%
rmiiliiiiatimis of tlaslit's.

  

 

. . . . é“
()rculating. .\ steady light Sttdtlcllly aiiil tntally CClll)S€tlkvl,(
at regular lllICl'Vills. A

Group ()cculatiiig. A steady light suilileiily and totally “-
eclipscd by a group of twu or more eclipses.
A flash is always shortCr than the duration of an eclipse. 53'

Ari occulation is shorter than or equal to the duration
of light.

 
 
      
  

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Lights are cliaracterigtil as flashing or occulutiiig according get
to their _(lur’illtt)lll ()f‘ light and (lzii‘kiIcSS rL’gIIrtI‘css of the 3%.
type of its Illuiiiiiizitiimr Iiiip us or brightness. '

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17

SOUND SIGNALS FOR FOG, ETC.

A steam vessel under way except when towing or being
towed, shall blow a prolonged blast of the whistle every
minute.

A steam vessel when towing other vessels, and a vessel
employed in laying or picking up a telegraph Cable, and a
vessel under way which is unable to get out of the way
of another vessel shall blow three blas s in sncc ion every
minute, viz., one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts.
A vessel being: towed may give the same signal on the fog
horn, and she shall not give any other.

A vessel at anchor shall ring the bell for five seconds
every minute.

\Vlicn a steam vessel hears the fog signal of another vessel
forward of her beam the position of which is not absolutely
certain, shall, so far as the circumstances of the case permit,
stop her engines, and then navigate with caution until all
danger of collision is over.

Sailing vessels under way on the starboard tack shall blow
one blast; on the port tack two blastsz and with the wind ’
abaft the beam three blasts of the fog horn every minute.

A vessel is said to be on the starboard tack when the
wind is on her right side, and on the port tack when the
wind is on her left side.

A vessel is said to be close hauled when she is running
with the wind as near to the bow as will enable her to
make headway.

A vessel is running free when she has the wind ahaft
her beam or from the direction of her after quarters.

Starting, Stopping, and Backing Signals from the Bridge
to the Engineer: "
1 bell—ahead slow,

Jingle hell full speed.

1 bell—slow.

1 bell when working slow ahead means stop.
2 bells when stopped means slow astern.
Jingle bell when working slow astcrn means fu‘l speed astern.
bellwhen working full speed astern means slow astcrn.
bell when working slow astern means stop.
bells and a jingle means from full speed ahead to full
speed astern.

bells and a jingle means from full speed astern to full
speed ahead.
In recent years the Engine Room Telegraph system has
been adopted on some vessels as a substitute for the bells
in signalling the engineer how the engines should he worked.
By this device the orders from the bridge are displayed on
a. dial in front of the, engineer and each order is immediately
transferred hark to the pilot house by means of the telegraph
to show that it has been properly understood and executed
23‘; by the engineer.

 

 
   
 
 
   
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
   
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
      
   
 

 

 

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