xt7dfn10qh8q https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7dfn10qh8q/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1930 journals kaes_circulars_245_annual_report_1930 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 245 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 245 1930 2014 true xt7dfn10qh8q section xt7dfn10qh8q   ‘
UNE V ERSITY OF KENTUCKY
if the COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
._ Extension Division
bling THOMAS P. c00PER, Dean and mnector
lding
. . CIRCULAR NO. 245
chitis
emily ANNUAL REPORT
FOR THE
-1><>Xi YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1930
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 LETTERS OF TRANSMITTAL
J Lexington, Kentucky
January 3, 1931.
President F1·ank L. lVIcVey,
University of Kentucky
My dear President lVIcVey:
I have the honor to present the annual report of the Division th
of Agricultural Extension of the College of Agriculture, Univer- M
sity of Kentucky, for the year ended December 31, 1930. In W
this report will be found a statement of the various activities of in
the past year, a list of publications, and a financial statement of EH
receipts and expenditures. In
Respectfully, H
THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director fil
dt
Lexington, Kentucky W
January 10, 1931. sn
Honorable Flem D. Sampson, xw
Governor of Kentucky in
Se. ly
In accordance with an act of the Legislature of the State of zu
Kentucky, approved March 15, 1916, I herewith submit the hz
annual report of the Division of Agricultural Extension of the
College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, for the year W,
ended December 31, 1930. 4 W
_ Respectfully, W
FRANK L. MoVEY, President "i
in
in
{ln
g<

 CIRCULAR NO. 245
V
Annual Report of the Extension Division for 1930
T. R. BRYANT, Assistant Director
The drouth of 1930 was more severe and extended tl1an any
isien that the Weather Bureau had ever recorded in Kentucky and in
mel" nearby States. There was a deficiency in 1·ainfall during the
j In year of 18% inches. The lack of rain caused much distress. So
les ef little was raised in some sections that starvation threatened the
lm? of families in many communities. At the same time the world-wide
business depression produced much uneinployment in the i11dus—
trial centers of the nation decreasing the effective demand for
GCM,. farm products. The farmers of Kentucky were faced with the
double misfortune of short crops and low prices.
The conditions described affected the extension program
" very greatly. Emergency measures of various kinds were neces-
sary. \Vith no pasture and little feed for livestock, arrangements ‘
were made with the consent of the lnterstate Commerce Com-
mission for the railroads to carry shipments of hay and feed for
livestock at half the usual freight rates. Half rates were estab-
lished for the removal of livestock to places where pasture was
ite Of available, and similar rates were given by the railroads for
Y the hauling water.
if the In order to make sure that the benefit of freight reductions
Year was to be given to distressed farmers, regulations were prescribed p
4 which required permits for such shipments. By arrangement M
with the United States Department of Agriculture, county
agricultural agents were designated as the officers to make the
necessary investigations and issue the permits. This work
involved many details and imposed heavy responsibilities upon
these agents and their supervising officers. The situation in
general was handled by these agents to the satisfaction of all

 4 Ifeiilueky Ertezmon Circulair N0. 245
concerned. Approximately 6,675 cars of roughage, grain and (il
mill feed were moved at an estimated total saving in freight  
bills of $320,527 to Kentucky farmers. Approximately two- ll
thirds of the cars were of concentrates and one—third of hay or
other roughage. _  
Various relief measures for those in distress were planned bv
in the late summer and fall months. Extension workers were W]
called upon to take an active part in the organization and distri-
bution of supplies. The extension workers were requested by Ll
the Red Cross to aid it in its distribution of seed rye. The Red in
Cross organization decided to give to each of several thousand mq
families seven and one-half bushels of seed rye to be sown for th
winter pasture to keep family cows in milk. Extension workers if
aided also in distributing garden seed for fall gardens. I A
Despite all the time—consuming duties laid upon Extension  
Workers by the unusual conditions, a normal year ’s work was  
accomplished in the usual lines. This was due largely to the Vit
assistance of the people in various eoinmunities who were IW
foresighted and willing to give generously of their time and HL
labor. A total of 7,752 leaders were enlisted in community pr0— W
grams of work. This was an increase of 7 80 leaders over the
pi·eceding year. Among the women 2,795 of them acted as W
leaders and assisted in the work with women and girls. This was W
a slight decrease of 147 from the number engaged in 1929. The its
enrollment in Junior 4-11 Clubs, despite the complete drying up HS
of crops in many sections, was 20,460, only 1,132 less than in the Em
preceding year, and the percentage of completions was actually W
raised from 71.3 percent in 1929 to 74.3 percent in 1930. Thr gu]
quality of work was reflected in the baby-beef show in Noveinber. Ot.
where the number of animals was the same as in previous years, Im
with a quality pronounced by competent judges as superior te .
that of other years.
A new branch was added to the program for young people.
This is a club for boys and girls who have passed beyond tlr ml
4-ll Club age of 18 years, but who are not yet in position it th,
participate fully in the program of activities provided for adult S,
farmers and farm women. The clubs are known as Utopia 1

 F? 
Anmtal Report for 1930 5
L and (‘lubs`. The wo1·k of the members is on a project basis as in the
Bight ljll (,lubs for younger people, but 1fS of a more advanced nature,
two` len of these clubs were formed during the fall months,
ay OY · Another feature added to the extension program was a land-
scape gardening service designed to stimulate interest in tl1e
Emmd ‘ beautification of home grounds, school yards and other places,
V _1 where such service 1S desired.
  Out of the distress of drouth, certain good has come.
Gd by llespedeza, a·legum1nous pasture and hay crop, recently brought
G Roh iiito popularity thru tl1e efforts of €XlY€HSlO11 work, demonstrated
usimd its value in a dry year. The Korean variety especially proved
fu for that tit should have a place as a pasture and hay crop in the
Orkm farming system.
Another feature was the interest aroused in the need for
_ hetter rural credit facilities evidenced by the establishment of
BHSIOH agricultural credit corporations. The drouth also served to give
`k wl eiiiphasis to the importance of making tllé farm furnish pro-
l° llw visions for tl1e farm home. This has been stressed at all times
wm hy the Extension Service, for many farmers prefer to devote
[G ml their energies to production of cash crops with which to purchase
Y pw most of the needed food stuffs.
W llm Believing that the experience of the past year will cause
ted as people to be more responsive to suggestions regarding home l
Us will production of food supplies, the Extension Service has redoubled
lj the its efforts to point out the advantage of better gardens as well
lllg lll) as the canning and curing of ample supplies of fruits, vegetables
m tht and meats. XVith the market outlook offering little encourage-
Cmfllll ment to increase tl1e supply of farm products to be offered for
l' the silo the Extension Service is calling attention to the advantage
lellllw of reducing necessary cash outlays by producing as much as
l   possible of the home food supply on tl1e home farm.  
ll` I .
COUNTY AGENT WORK
people T] . ,, . . _ y
md HN · leodore ltoosevelt once said, Community life makes the
MOH to Nation . It this be truei a real contribution is being made by
 1_ adult _ ills Keiitucky county agricultural agents to the progress of the
Utopia etate and Nation by tl1e numbe1· and character of community

 6 1{et22.iucl·y Extension Circular N0. 245
programs conducted in 1930. During the year, S21 community
programs of work were built in Kentucky, and 7,752 local 1
loaders took an active part in helping to reach the goals assigned. I
XVhile there is usually some shifting of crops and methods, I
to meet economic itluctuations, more calls for assistance of this
kind from the county agents were made in 1930 than in any l {
other year since the Wo1·lcl Wa1·. This gave the county agents P
an opportunity to develop a program for crop and farm enter- I
prise improvement on the basis of economic demands. This  
program was developed thru a study of the agricultural outlook i 2
figures compiled in cooperation with the Bureau of Agricultural ;
Economics of the United States Department of Agriculture. ln s
T addition to the outlook meetings, over 14,000 farm improvement Y
demonstrations pertaining to crops, livestock and other farm  
activities were conducted. `
A Social and economic changes in rural life were also brought I
about tln·u the advocacy of higher living standards. Over 300 D
demonstrations of home conveniences were conducted by Ken-  
tucky county agents during 1930. Thus the farm income I.
increased thru following the advice of county agents not only
benefits the farmer, but also the manufacturer and the merchant l
who produce and sell the products demanded by a higher stand- 'l
ard of living. A
Wliile the trying economic situation caused by the past A
seasou's drouth has discouraged farmers and ruined many
promising programs of county agricultural agents, it has D
increased the agents’ field of service. These agents have been 1
quick to meet the emergency by changing their programs so that 7
the greatest service `possible might be rendered farmers durine  
this trying time. The agents advocated a change of plans and  
methods of handling crops as the continuation of the dronth _  
demanded; also they assisted in making surveys for the Red I
(‘ross drouth relief committees and, so far as possible, aided in I
the distribution of Red Cross seed rye. They assisted in the
campaign for fall gardens, as well as for fall and winter crops
and livestock.
County agents were placed in charge of issuing requests for

 Annual Report for 1930 7
unity _ . _ _ .
loca, 1-etluced flelgllt IZVEQS 21HCl 111 the COLl1‘Sc of a few weeks they
(med helped thc f£1l'l1l€I'S of Kelltllcky Save approximately one quarter
`° ` million dollars on freight bills.
,hE1d_S¤ The following statistics indicate activities of the county
; ns
» agents for 1930:
1 any
gems Ne eounties with agents ............,.............................._..,,_________________   95
mtg, N0_ communities building extension programs __________,____,______________ 321
“ , Nu leaders in community—built programs ..........,,__.__.__,__,______________ 7,753
Thls , No, leader-training meetings .........................................._.,._______ _ _,_____ 694
itl<><>l< Attendance of local leaders ......................................... . .i.........,....,.._. 6,355
ltural ye, meetings held by local leaders .....................,,.,.....,___._,.,________, 1,344
3_ [H Attendance .........................................v................................»................... 28,626
,,,1,,,,,, No, method and result demonstration meetings _________t___,._,_________ 3,129
if _ Attendance ..............................v................................................................. 53,458
dm No, adult result demonstrations started or carried tln·u the
year ...........................................................................................»........ 14,936
ought No. farm visits made by agents ............................t............tt........... 64,993
_,_ 300 No. farms visited .....,...............................,...................,.....t.t................ 26,250
V K, No. home visits made by agents .........................t....................._.,,__. 3,035
(H` No. homes visited ........................................................t......................... 1,678
[mom No. office calls relative to work—OlTice ...,...t...............tt............_.. 27,519
t 0lll)‘ Phone .................................................................i.....................t........ 60,860
-0hHm N0. individual letters written ............................................................ 64,072
, ,_ Total all meetings held, including deinonstrations short .
stanl
courses, leader-training meetings, etc. .i................................ 11,174
Attendance ........................................................r...l...................t............... 415,185
5 past
inany Miscellaneous
lll hill No. breed associations organized, dairy cattle ...................,........ 25
3 ll(‘f‘ll No. breed associations organized, other stock ..........t..........l.,........ 26
,0 that N0. farms terraced ....................t....tt...................t................................. 304
· Acres terraced ......._.................................i.............................t........,....... 1 884
luruii , ’
l _ ld N0. farms installing drainage systems ..........t....,....t..........,............ 251
15 (U Acres drained ..__......,......._.....i..................,............................................ 4,111 i,
Mouth . N0. water systems installed ....__,,......_.......,....,............,...........,........... 72
lc Bill N0. lighting systems installed ...........,......................t....,...........,...... 63
(lm m N0. animals in 4-H Club Work co1nplete=· ' J2 ~     Til ·r  
    .     ~3J V       TT     .” i*Z·'  
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    fz?—.a·_¢¤j.·z} ’   »r’, ‘  rj    i,cc     it
  · _# ;,{r_)·jE·,q.~., r •   . A _ A   *~     
.,,   i@`=f—   " i'   ..     Y "    4  ” `st=,   -·»‘~ ’ i·- t
  ·   if"  . .   Vin  '¥L`F ""'!  ·»>t»*¥?;f“`   .· r   .-  ky ' ` ‘i?*·—·" i
 ·‘·   ·° r,,,¥.$`¥wp     `      ~;,'   r I 7 . '•v
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Hooked rugs made by Doney Club members. Muhlenberg County. ,
J
1
Pnoeimixr or Weak
The program carried on in any county is determined by 4
the homemakers. The three main divisions, food, clothing and
home improvement, with many subdivisions, offer material for ,
study of interest, help and information. ln addition to the
county program of work, homcmakers have participated in f2lll`$, i
exhibits, tours, and many other activities of both a recreational
and cultural nature. ‘

 i "
Annual Report for 1930 9
Home IMPROVEMENT
_ The home improvement program pertains to both the
mm efficiency and the beauty of the l10LLlG. A happy and attractive
’““` heme must be convenient, well arranged, well equipped and well
with V managed so that the homemaker may perform the mechanical
1 in tasks of housekeeping without expending all her energy, A
lllltk fatigued homemaker is merely a housewife, a drudge and not a
the mother, wife, or companion. After accomplishing the house
The keeping in a convenient and well arranged house, the housewife ’s
lsors surplus enei·gy goes into homemaking and community building.
During the past year some phase of home furnishing work
has been carried on in 19 counties and the home equipment and
management in 11 counties. There were reported 7,343 improved
pratiees in home management and 11,344; in home furnishing.
These included the keeping of home accounts, better buying
V  methods, scheduling of work, rearranging kitchens to save steps,
_   installing labor saving equipment, purchased or home made,
{ V— · better selecting of home furnishing, remodeling and rehnishing
  E?  of old furniture, improving walls, woodwork, iioors and window
treatment and better arranging of rooms.
Handeraft work has taught women how to make at small
V `V expense many beautiful accessories such as lamp shades, attrac- ·
  tive waste paper baskets, magazine racks, slip covers for
  furniture, stools, rugs, etc. The application of knowledge and
skill gained in the home improvement work has helped transform
· many drab, uninteresting, unattractive, inconvenient 1·ural
homes into eHicient and attractive ones in which the rural family
y` justly takes pride, and the time saved by the homemaker is used
to create a fuller home and community life.
d by . Fooo AND NUTu1T1oN ”
¥ ml The modern homemaker is no longer contented merely to
ll for Satisfy the appetites of her family. She must know that her
0 tht family has had the essentials for growth, resistance to disease
f21li`*» illid niaxiiuuni health, She is not only measuring CalO1‘leS, lJllli·
tional is taking note of the protein, vitamin and mineral content of
the food which goes on the family table. Her menu is planned

 ` X
10 Ifentzicky Erlcnsiooz C’i7'0ll,l(l7' No. 245
to build strong bones and teeth, pure blood, steady nerves, firm
muscles, good digestion, proper elimination, resistance to
disease and a general condition of good health. She considers
. . . . . it
the production ot tood, storage and preservation of tood, cook- ;
. . . . ·i
ing and serving of food, and nutrition for young and old. I&
l`a
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c ‘ »—‘?n‘ ~¤·?’ 4* ‘<· qc —»r2' ~» — e     T 2 ir  
time i;h*i2*£»·;?'i` ¥g‘%’§»:§*Y  . ‘ · * { _ it  ,   .
‘ i_ .  _ gf} ’;·?_,4:2l{ ¥*,,¢:_;‘,    ' g ‘ Z =       *
n .. wm tw ;e;;{g¢&=j,;=;  , hwre i e 
ilmw — il;.  ‘?FQ;Z(>»*);:i     
ram. . ,.   tg"   r· r   ’i`‘      
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mich     ._.,%,v . V   . .V_' ,,l._i,e7. ,
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    Dpi _ 1-- V, t r t » ,, »;_~y,~;~—_ ;— · I
ld Elf Homemakers club room, McCracken County.
lkmg Comiuumry Aorivrrnzs
l0m€’ It is becoming a matter- of pride for each group of home-
COW makers to show its spirit of service by undertaking each year at
least one project of benefit to the community. One hundred

 11 Ifentucky Erteit.-sion C-ircular N0. 2-15
and ninety—eight l1O11l€111&l{€1'S7 clubs carried 011 so1n0 definite Q
c01n111unity project 111 1930. C
E
J union Home Economies 1 (
Hoineniaking projects a1·e carried 111 food, clothing and (
llOl1lC l1111)1`OVGll1€1lt witl1 girls l)€JC\\'€Cl1 tl1e ages of t011 2lll(l
Clg'llfC€11. Tl1e projects are pla1111ed witl1 tl1e idea to l10lp raise
tl1e ideals and standards of future l1011l€H1Hk€].'S, and t0 1112ll{G ;
a special appeal to tl1e girls of teen-age.
Clothing work has bee11 very popular, for every gi1·l is I
interested 111 llléllilllg garnients for herself &111(l 111 being dresseil §
appropriately Elld beeoniingly. In tl1e clothing work a girl
learns llO\\' to make clothing, to select inaterials, to choose color q
illld design, to care for l1er clothing, to select appropriate acces- 1
sories &l1l(l to pla11 l1er wardrobe. Four L11ll`fS of work 2l1'€ offered, l
each u11it resulting 111 a co111plete costunie for a stated purpose. l
There were enrolled 111 clotl1i11g projects this year 3,826 girls 111  
the 30 c01111ties l1avi11g l1o1ne (1€l11O1lSIE1‘ElflO11 agents.  
Tl1e food project is planned to appeal to tl1e young girl and I
to i111C1’CSIC» 2111Ll encourage ll€I` 111 participatiiig 111 the selection ‘
tlll(l ])1‘G1)2ll'Elll()ll of the fainily 11l(32llS and to give l1(%1` skill 111 tl1e ‘
handling of food stuffs. Tll1’CC u11its of work which coinprise
planning, preparation ZlH(l serving of the family breakfast.
dinner Hlltl supper, are l11ClUtl(’(l 111 this project. ln food work
715 girls were enrolled 111 home age11t counties. 1
Food preservation is divided i11to three units—the canning 1
of fruits a11d vegetables; 111ak111g of jams, jellies, preserves,
pickles, etc.; and canning for the family, There were enrolled
342 girls 111 canning groups 111 l1o111e age11t counties.
The l1o111e lll1p1`OVG111C]lt project is applied to tl1e beautifica-
tion of the girl’s ow11 1’OOll'l and is ]')liU11l€(l for older girls. 4 ,
This year assista11ce was giV€11 to 42 counties in Keiitueky
111 4-H hoineinaking projects.
Misonnnnnnons Aorivirnis
Other junior lioineinaking activities carried on by the home
deinonstration staff 111 cooperatio11 with the Club Depa1·t1nent

 Annual Report for 1930 15
ite are the homemaking program for Junior Week at the College
of Agriculture, County and State team demonstration contests,
State style show, food and canning judging contests, State and
County health contest, community, county and State fair
.nd exhibits.
nd
isc STATISTICAL SUMMARY
ike No. communities in which home demonstration programs with
women and girls carried ............._..........i...............................,..... 475
is Enrollment in junior homemaking projects .............l.................... 4,617
Enrollment in adult homemaking projects ....,_,.........,................... 5,217
SQ voluntary local leaders assisting in home demonstration pro-
ml gram ............................»..................................................................... 2,781
»l01‘ Training meetings held for local leaders ._......,.....______,___,_______,_____ 313
gps. Attendance at training meetings _...........,.,...........,.,...,.,_____,_____________ 4,704
HL Demonstration and judging teams trained ......._______._..,,____,__,________,_ 149
EQ; Visits made by home demonstration agents ..,......_.___........._____l_,_,___ 4_515
_ individual letters written .......l...............,__..............................l...,....... 12.097
m No. different circular letters prepared _..............,..........,.,.....,,.....,,. 1,070
No. news stories published ,.__..............,.................,................,,......... 2,033
ind No. office and telephone calls relating to extension work .....,.. 15,972
im, County meetings held in relation to home demonstration work 8,281
the Attendance at meetings ..._.................,........................ . ......l.............,. 224,034
rise ·
  JUNIOR 4-H CLUB VVORK
01'i< Twenty thousand four hundred and sixty boys and girls
were enrolled in Junior 4-H Club \Vork this _vear, and notwith-
illg Standing the drouth and other unfavorabe farm conditions, 74.3%
VOS, percent of them completed their work.
led
I LEADERS
M- The success of the Junior 4-H Club lVork was due l2ll'g0l_\'  
Ok" 4 to the service given by 1,894 volunteer local leaders. These
° · ])lll)ilC—S])ll‘l’[GLl citizens are essential to the success of all exten-
sion work. In particular is their service effective with the boys
and girls of the 4-H Clubs. The Extension Service is continuing
the plan of giving a leader ’s pin to all leaders who have success- _
mw hilly directed the activities of a club or project group For one
mt }`0?i1` and a certificate of service to those who have served three

 i Q
16 Keiz-tacky Extension C’ii‘ouZcw· N0. 245
, . .