xt7hqb9v2p97 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7hqb9v2p97/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1930 journals kaes_circulars_232 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 232 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 232 1930 2014 true xt7hqb9v2p97 section xt7hqb9v2p97 I   COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
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CIRCULAR NO. 232
4 SOYBEANS AND COWPEAS
 I FOR HAY
  Lexington, Ky. '
  May, 1930
  F'Ml|·I¤:»I1·~¤I In r·<>nn¤br·tir»n with tho ;1;ri··nIlx·r:xl ¢=xl{-nsir·1» w··x·I< ·;IrrIr··I on
 I iii. M UW"-Htilm "I th" ""]I°§4~" <>I` .·\§JI`Il`!IiI\ll'•"·, l`niv¤·1·>iIy nf I{··n1vu~I*‘I` In Ilw .\¤·I nf <'nm;1·m  `. ,.,
ginia, which seems to give good results everywhere in lien- ,,
tucky. ft has moderately une stems. Midwest is the next ?‘ 1,
in popularity, and is generally satisfactory. \\’ilson lilaclq  t tt
and Ebony are also good. Peking is not always thrifty, es-  i ly
peeially on land of only medium fertility, Lexington is an  Y ],
excellent hay bean, but little seed is available. llaberlandt  , ,]
is more valuable for hogging down than for hay. Mansoy.   ,.
a new sort, is good, and the very new lrlarbinsoy is, in the . t
opinion of many, one of the most promising varieties yet ine  ‘ it
troduced. The very early varieties, chief of which are Klanclni  ~ c
and lto San, give small yields of hay and are generally nn-   y
satisfactory in Kentucky.   lt
Land Preparation. In preparing land for soybeans, all   t
trash, especially cornstalks and stubble, should be coveretl " s
completely. Trash on the surface interferes with drilling  _. 1
and makes it impossible to cultivate effectively. llroadcasl  , t
cultivation   of great value in keeping down weeds. .·\ gootl,  ii c
level seed—bed should be prepared. lt is an excellent plan t·=  i ,·
drag land before drilling.   t
inoculation. inoculation is very important in getting gontl t ~
results with soybeans. \\'hen the field has not grown tlir T t
crop previously, artificial inoculation is necessary. lt is 11··‘ J
always easy to get good inoculation with soybeans. '1`lit  . i

 f  ‘ . `
  .b`(}>\'/}(`([}i.\` (IH!] (-(Wiki/l(`(].\` i/i()}A //([_\' 5
ith,   safest way is to drill dry, screened, inoculated soil thru the
tan   · [r»l-rjlizer attaclnncnt of the drill. J\bout 100 pounds ni seed
veil   per pier-e is required. Sitting dry, inoculated soil over ruoisre
the  we Crier] seed at the rate oi a peck or more to each bushel nl-
liay   seed is also ClTCCti\'C. COIi1l1lC1`CiZli cultures are, of course,
zoi   most convenient, but do not always give a good setting- of
n‘><·  j' nodules, altho generally effective.
lm  i Seeding. Thick seeding of soybeans is advantageous. lt
UW  it pays to seed soybeans liberally, as a thick stand checks weed
i‘l*’·   ;;·r·ovvili and gives hay of better quality than a thin stand.
wl i '|`u·o bushels per acre, if seeds are large, as those of binm-
litiv _ motli; a bushel and a half, if seeds are of medium size, such as
l°“  if those of Virginia, Midwest or Lexington; or one bushel, if
"lll· ·1  seeds are very small, are desirable rates of seeding. The grain
· drill is the best implement for sowing soybeans. The oats
\vi¤=   runs should be used for all except varieties with very small
[eu-  [ seeds, such as Laredo and Peking. For these, it is necessary
iext   to use the wheat runs. The rate at which the drill delivers
lacl;  { the seed is influenced by the size of the seed, and to obtain the
<·<-  ’ proper setting for accurate sowing of any particular lot of
a zur   beans, the drill must be tested or calibrated. This can be
uult  Q done as follows: \Vhen oats runs are used, use the oats
Stl}".   scale in making a tentative setting, or the wheat scale when
tlir { the wheat runs are used. \Veigh the seed before putting it
t iu-  9 into the drill and sow an acre of land as shown by the indi-
icliii  Qi czuor. ll` the drill lacks an indicator, step off an acre (seventy '
nil-   yards square). \Veigh the seed left in the drill to determine
  how much was sown. The setting can then be adjusted so
_ all   the drill will sow approximately the desired amount of
ered   seed. The amount of seed a drill delivers may also be es-
lling  if tiniated with a fair degree of accuracy by counting the number
lcast  , ot seeds sown to the foot of drill row. Of course, to make a
yoorl,   count, the seed must be drilled on the surface of the ground. ‘
u t·=  · .·\bout two bushels an acre of Mammoth, Haberlandt, and
  other large—seeded varieties will be sown when the seeds are
Qoorl  ·· spaced an average of about three inches apart. A spacing
the y of about two inches will give a rate of seeding of a bushel
. not _ and :1 half an acre or nearly this amount in case of Virginia.
The Midwest and \Vilson. A rate of one bushel an acre gives a
I-

 6 /(i·;1/no/.*_\· /if.\'f<’Il.\`fUlI (‘fI'(`IIf(l1` J\`o. 232  .
spacing of about two inches in the drill with l.aredo, l’el;iug_  i in
‘ Booty or \\vilson 5. In sowing soybeans, the drill should run  l`
- just deep enough to place the seed in moist soil. lt is l>ettt_~j—  V· li:
that a few seeds escape covering rather than to cover all   ti
very deeply. Deep drilling followed by a heavy rain which  B in
crusts the soil usually results in a poor stand.   vv
Cultivation. Tlarrowing soybeans when the plants are  V (l·
up well is a common practice among experienced growet·s_   ll
\\'hen the seed-bed is prepared as recommended, the plane.  i
will be little injured by harrowing, and the crop will lie . ll
much cleaner. A weeder is satisfactory if the soil is not - c·
crusted. The rotary hoe   said to be as effective as the  i >l
barrow, or more so on crusted land, and destroys fewer plants,  
Stage for Harvesting. Soybeans should be cut for hay  y ll
when the seeds are still very small. Earlier cutting gives . t>
good hay but smaller yields. Cutting after the seeds lmve  ° ll
become well developed gives larger yields but a poor quality . lf
of hay. It is also more difficult to cure. After the leaves  ’ C
begin to turn yellow, the hay produced is very inferior iii  _ ll
quality~—-little better than soybean straw. Y <`
 - li
(JURING SOYBEAN HAY · >
. 'l
\\'here a good~sized acreage is grown, probably the i I,
most practical method of curing the hay is a combination ef  _ [
swath and windrow curing. The cutting bar of the mower  g _
should be tilted to cut as high as possible. A high stubble  2  
holds the hay off the ground and prevents its becoming very  I i
dusty. The beans should be tedded, if possible, before the   (
leaves become dry enough to crumble. After curing in the  ij I
swath for about two days, the hay should be raked into small ,
windrows, using a side delivery rake where available. The {
raking should be done in early morning to prevent shatteriii;  `
and loss of leaves. Three to four days in the windrow will   j
complete the curing, if the weather is favorable. Soybean   l
hay should not be put into the barn or stack when the leave— I l
are "in case"; that is. have taken up enough moisture to ltr  
limp.
lf rain occurs before curing is completed, the windrovr— ¥
should be turned as soon as the outside hay is dry. ff this if
 `

  ’y 5`nyZu·<1z1.v and C`oizejwus for Huy 7
lm  ] ual (lone, the vvet leaves mat together and rot quiel;ly_
Hin  i §(lmQ grovvers cure soybeans entirely in the swath. 't`lie
Mr  . lm)- llleaehes badly, but its palatability and nutritive quali-
HH   lies are z1ppal‘€l1’Cl)' ll<'>l .g`1`C?1lly 1`GflllC€Cl. Rain on soybeans
mq]  i in the s\\'21tl1 (lOCS less (lZUUZ`l§`€ lll?lll to ClO\'C1` Ul' ZLlf[1lllZ1_ ,l){ll'ti{|_l
  vvindrovv curing prevents excessive bleaching, and the hay
HW   (lives not l)C(`l>l1l(i‘ SO (lll$y lll CHSC of Yillll. TllC l1€C€ssity of
my   uu-ning the vvindrovvs after wetting is a disadvantage,
mp  ‘ Many farmers feel that the llllCl` quality soybean hay
IW q pi-oiliieetl by shock curing more than justines the heavier
mil _ elise and this lllCtll<>tl. is ll$llZlll}’ Zltlvocatefl by experiment
up   station investigators.
my   In the South. curing frames are used extensively loi-
im,  L_ lvolh soybeans and covvpeas. A very fine quality of hay is
iw;   produced by the USC of ll`Z1lllC5 at Z1 cost not much greater
mw ..  lluln that of the usual method of curing in shocks. For the
Lim.  q iariner vvho has only a Small acreage of Soybeans, the use of
UC;  » euring frames is entirely practical. For the extensive grower.
1. in j it is a question of labor supply and hay values. In shock ·
 i curing. soybeans should be left in the swath from twenty-
 - four lo lortv—eight hours. depending upon the vveathcr. but
it should bc raked before the leaves are dry enough to crumble.
, The hay should be shocked in tall. narrow shocks, carefully
lh? A built. lf frames are used, the shock should be built over the
ll "I {  frame. Soybeans pack dovvn closely if shocked vvhen only
’“'°l`  7 slightly cured. and the leaves mat together so that moderate . ·
mi"   rainspcnetrate the shock but little. \\'here frames are used.
VCU  ‘ it is rarely necessary to tear dovvn the shocks for drying.
lh   even alter heavy rains. liight to ten days vvill usually com-
tm  · plete the t`lll`lll§`.
illlllll ,
'lllr i (7()\\’l’E;\ HAY.
brine  `
will it 'lhc methods follovved in growing and handling covvpeas i
ppm;   l<·1` hay are practically the same as those used with >o}‘bCilll#.
.;l\V(.. Vi l`··\‘v‘l>eas should not be planted until the vveather is vvarm.
yl) lll. ` 215 lhey are greatly l]l_llll`t‘(l by periods of cool. tlillllli \\lCZllllCl`.
'l`bey are not usually cultivated. because the young plants
i·ovv·— are rather tender. Cultivation is not so necessary as for
me is "‘}illt‘flll$. because covvpea choke out vveeds much more effec-
 `

 S ]\'C}llLll(`d’_\' ]Z.r/ezzsiozz Circular N0. 232   --
 
T tively than soybeans. The peas should be cut for hay when   `I
V some of the pods have ripened, Shock curing is almost es-  *
sential for obtaining hay of good quality, as the hay is badlv ié 
damaged by rain and the leaves drop oft easily. The crop lis  
much more dihficult to cure than soybeans. The most desir—  j
able liayvarieties are \Vhippoorwill, Groit; New Era and  `Q
Brabham. A bushel to a bushel and a half per acre is the  
customary rate of seeding.  
Fertilizers for Soybeans and Cowpeas, One hundred and  
lilty to two hundred pounds of superphosphate per acre may  
be considered the most practical fertilization for soybean~  gf
wherever soils are dehcient in phosphorus. lt may be salely  
drilled in with the seed. Practically all the soils of the Slate  
are deficient in phosphorus except the better lZluee‘rass soils  
Liming acid soils greatly increases yields of soybeans.  
ln fertilizer tests on the various soil types oi the Stale  
outside the Bluegrass regionf superphosphate increased the  :l»`
yields of hay an average oi about GOO pounds per acre, while  
limestone and superphosphate increased the yields an average  J"
ol about HOO pounds per acre.  
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