xt7j0z70wb3g https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7j0z70wb3g/data/mets.xml Youatt, William, 1776-1847. 1843  books b98-36-40282781 English Lea and Blanchard, : Philadelphia : Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Horses. Horses Diseases. Horses Training. Asses and mules.Skinner, John Stuart, 1788-1851. Horse  / by William Youatt. text Horse  / by William Youatt. 1843 2002 true xt7j0z70wb3g section xt7j0z70wb3g 















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T H E



H O R



S E ,



BY WILLIAM YOUATT.



A NEW EDITION, WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS.



                TOGETHER WITH A
aENERAL HISTORY OF THE HORSE;
                 A DISSERTATION ON
      THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE,
             HOW TRAINED AND JOCKEYED,
   AN ACCOUNT OF HIS REMARKABLE PERFORMANCES;
                    AND
AN ESSAY ON THE ASS AND THE MULE,



        BY J. S. SKINNER,
ASSISTANT POST MASTER GENERAL, AND EDITOR OF THE TURF REGISTER.

          PHILADELPHIA:
     LEA AND BLANCHARD,
        FOR G. W. GORTON.
               1843.



I

 



























        Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1843, by

                     LEA AND BLANCHARD,
in the office of the clerk of the District Court of the United States in and for the
                       Eastern District of Pennsylvania.



J. PAGAN, STEREOTYPER,

1. ASHMEAD, PRINTER.



(4)

 






PREFACE TO THE LONDON EDITION.



PUBLISHED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE DIFFUSION
                     OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE.



  Tm3 First Edition of The Horse, which was completed in
the year 1831, has since had a large and continued sale: and
in acknowledging the valuable communications which have
been made for the improvement of the work, it is satisfactory
to the Committee to be able to state, that no grave errors in it
have been pointed out.
  Veterinary science has, however, made great progress in the
last twelve years; the Structure of the Horse, the Injuries and
Diseases to which he is subject, and the Treatment of these,
have been investigated, in this country and abroad, with much
diligence and success, both at Colleges and in Societies devoted
to the cultivation of Veterinary knowledge, and by practition-
ers whose education and experience render their observations
worthy of great respect.
  In these circumstances, the Society intrusted to the Author
the preparation of a New Edition of this Treatise; and he has
subjected it to so complete a revision, as to render it in many
respects a new work. This remark applies especially to the
chapters relating to the Diseases of the Horse.
                       Respectfully submitted,
                          By order of the Committee,
                               THOMAS COATES, Sic.
   42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON,
        lit March 1843.



I 



(e)

 



                        PREFACE,

              BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR.

  IN undertaking, at the instance of the American publishers, to prepare
a new edition of the last London copy of the work here presented, on
the HORSE; it has been my endeavour to adapt it more exactly to the
circumstances of our own country; and by omitting some portions of
the original, not immediately illustrative of the principal subject, to
reduce the volume, without impairing its value for practical uses.
  Few things have occurred, serving better at once to characterize and
accelerate the march of intellect and benevolence which distinguishes
the age in which we live, than the well-known formation, in England,
of a " SOCIETY FOR THE DIFFUSION OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE ;" composed,
as it is, of men of the highest repute in the various departments of learn-
ing and industry; headed by the Lord Chancellor himself.
  Their proceedings, as far as published, all show them to be animated
by a generous desire to collect, simplify, and publish in the cheapest
form, the latest and most authentic discoveries and improvements in
science, and in arts promotive of the comfort and happiness of the
human race. Under their auspices, several series of publications have
appeared, one of which is denominated the " FARMER'S SERIES." Of
this class, the first is the book on the HORSE. That the Horse should
have been placed at the head of the list of domestic animals, having in
view a treatise on the breeds, properties and uses of each, is a distinc-
tion to which he is justly entitled, in reference as well to the beautiful
symmetry of his form, and his extraordinary physical powers, as to his
admirable docility of temper, and high moral qualities, fitting him
eminently for the various purposes of pleasure and of business.
  In the work to which we are now introducing the reader, pruned, as
it has been, of some preliminary chapters, he will find little to amuse
him, of a character merely curious and speculative; the mysteries of
charlatanry, and the nostrums of empiricism, have been carefully
excluded; and where terms of anatomical and medical science have
been necessarily employed, they are explained, and applied with a degree
of plainness and precision, which bring them within the ready compre-
hension of every reader.
                                                           (vi)

 


  The task of preparation to render the present edition more useful for
American readers, has consisted chiefly iiL what will be found prefixed
to it, on the various stages which have marked and acts which have
contributed to the improvement of the English stock of horses; some of
the best of which, as is more particularly shown, have been imported
into the United States, from time to time, for the last century or more-
as also, and more particularly, of what is said of the AXERICAN TROT-
TING HoRSE. To these have been added, a dissertation on the natural
history and uses of THE ASS AND THE MULE; the last named animal
being deeemed worthy of especial notice, on account of its utility
and econouny, in American agriculture; and the yet greater extent to
which it is believed it might be employed with advantage in this, as it
is known to be in some other countries.
  But without presuming to recommend the work on account of any
observations of his own, the American Editor, who has himself written
volumes to illustrate and defend the interests of American husbandry, does
venture, with the utmost confidence, to pronounce the work itself to be
one which every gentleman may read with certainty of instruction-
leaving, as it does, in truth, nothing untold, which need be known of the
Horse, in his minutest anatomy, with full directions as to breeding and
breaking, food and exercise; as, also, plain descriptions of his various
diseases, and their most simple and certain cures. Such a work ought
to be in the possession, for convenient reference, of every owner of
horses, whether for the coach, the saddle, the cart, or the plough. The
great value attached to this work, and its entire success in England,
may be understood, when we state that the new edition just published
in London, and from which the present is reprinted, has been nearly
rewritten by the author, and improved by the insertion of many new
cuts, prepared for it by a distinguished artist.
                                                          J. S. S.



Wasington, May, 1843.



vii



PREFACE.

 



          LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.


1. TROTIING MATCH IN HARNESS .......................... FxoNrIsnIcz.
2. HEAD OF THE BLACK ARABIAN ................................ TITLE.
3. SKELETON OF THE HORSE ................................  Page 68
4. BONES OF THE HORSE'S HEAD.................................. 70
5. SECTION OF THE HORSE'S HEAD .................................. 72
6. DIAGRAM OF THE SKULL ...... ................................... 75
7. OCCIPITAL BONE OF THE HORSE .77
8. SPINAL CHORD, WITH BRANCHING NERVES .80
9. SECTION OF THE EYEB .........................  86
10. MUSCLES OF THE EYE .92
11. HORSE LABOURING UNDER LOCK-JAW........................... 103
12. ANATOMY OF THE LEG AND FOOT  .     ............ ..... 113
13. SECTION OF THE UPPER JAW BONE.                   123
14. MUSCLES, NERVES, AND BLOOD-VESSELS OF THE HEAD AND
    UPPER PART OF THE NECK.                         125
15. THE PALATE.                                      142
16. GLENOID CAVITY OF THE HORSE AND TIGER COMPARED ..  143
17. TEETH OF A FOAL A FEW DAYS AFTER BIRTH ..      144
18. TEETH OF A FOAL AT TWO MONTHS..                  144
19. TEETH OF A FOAL AT TWELVE MONTHS..               145
20. TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A GRINDER..                 145
21. TEETH AT THE AGE OF A YEAR AND A HALF ..      146
22. TEETH AT THE AGE OF THREE YEARS..                147
23. TEETH AT THE AGE OF THREE YEARS AND A HALF ..   147
2A TEETH AT THE AGE OF FIVE YEARS..                  148
25. TEETH AT THE AGE OF SIX YEARS..                  148
26. TEETH AT THE AGE OF SEVEN YEARS .......................... 149
27. TEETH AT THE AGE OF EIGHT OR NINE YEARS.-Behaped....... 149
28. FINEST SHAPE FOR THE NECK AND HEAD..             159
29. THE RIBS AND VERTEBRE.1................................... 167
30. THE STOMACH.................                  , 221
31. TERMINATION OF THE AESOPHAGUS.............................. 222
32. THE BOT-FLY IN ITS VARIOUS STAGES.                224
33. THE INTESTINES.                                 228
34. SECTION OF THE BLIND GUT..................................... 229
35. ENTANGLEMENT OF THE SMALL INTESTINES .        239
36. CURVED AND STRAIGHT CATHETER.............................. 247
37. BONES OF THE LEGS ............................................... 256
38. SIMPLE LEVER ................ ................................. 257
39. MUSCLES OF THE OUTSIDE OF THE SHOULDER....... 259
40. MUSCLES OF THE INSIDE OF THE SHOULDER AND FOREARM... 260
41. SECTION OF THE PASTERN   .       .272
42. INSIDE VIEW OF THE BONES OF THE PASTERN ..    276
43. OUTSIDE VIEW OF THE BONES OF THE PASERN ..    276
44. ATTACHMENTS OF THE MUSCLES OF THE PASTERN.......... 276
45. DISEASES OF THE FORE-LEG. ..................................... 277
46. INSIDE MUSCLES OF THE HIND-LEG.............................. 281
47. OUTSIDE MUSCLES OF THE HIND-LEG  . .282
48. THE  HAUNCH  AND  HIND-LEGS.................................... 283
49. THE HOCKJOINT      ................. 286
50. ANATOMY OF THE FOOT     .       .295
51. ANATOMY OF THE BASE OF THE FOOT  .  .295
52. THE CORONARY RINGG.... 297
53. PERCIVALL'S SUSPENSATORY APPARATUS FOR THE CURE OF
    FRACTURES.  ...................................................... 323
54. THE CONCAVE-SEATED SHOE .338
55. THE UNILATERAL ........ . ........................................ 339
56. OPERATION FOR CORNS............................................ 340
57. PERCIVALL'S SANDAL ........... .................................. 343
58. PERCIVALL'S SANDAL FASTENED TO THE FOOT ................. 344
                                               (8)

 



                    CONTENTS.


             INTRODUCTION, BY J. S. SKINNER.
The Horse, in England and America-as he has been, and as he is. . Page 17
Lindsey's Arabian.......................,                  34
The best Races in America35
Best Races-Mile Heats .............     ..........................  36
Best Races at Two-Mile Heats.37
Best Races at Three-Mile Heats............  .......           38
Best Races at Four-mile Heats.                             39
Lengths of the principal Race-Courses in England ..................  41
Rules and Regulations of the New York Jockey Club .....  .......... 42
The Hunter ................................................. 48
The American Trotter...........................             49
Rules and Regulations of the New York Trotting Club ..... ......... 54
Trotting at Mile Heats .........................................   57
Trotting at Two-Mile Heats ...........    .........................  57
Trotting at Three-Mile Heats..........                        57
Trotting at Four-Mile Heats ...........   .........................  57
Best Pacing in America on Record.                          58
Miscellaneous Examples of Extraordinary Performances of American
  Trotters..................................................      58
Extraordinary Trotting Match ......................,.,...... 60
Trotting on the Beacon Course ......................,,.,,.,.,.63
Centreville (L. I.) Trotting Course ...............................  63
Trotting on the Hunting Park Course ............................ 64
Height of Trotting Horses..................,,,.,.,..         64


                      THE HORSE,
      HIS ANATOMY-WITH HIS DISEASES AND REMEDIES.
                   BY WILLIAM YOUATT.
                         CHAPTER 1.
THE ZOOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF TEnz HORSE ......     ............  67
                        CHAPTER II.
T12 SENSORIAL PINCTiqON ............     ........................  6'
                                                     (9)

 

                        CONTENTS.

                        CHAPTER III.
INJUrIES AND DISEASES OF THU SEULL--T-   BRaIN--TE EARs-AND
        THE EYES ..............   ............................  93
    Fracture....                            ............... 93
    Exostosis....                                            94
    Caries....                                               94
    Compressio of the Brain............                      94
    Pressure on the Brain...............     ,       .    ... 94
    Megrims ............ ................................... 94
    Apoplexy................                                 95
    Phrenitis.................   ,     ,      ..... 98
    Rabies, or Madness .................. 100
    Tetanus, or Locked Jaw .103
    Cramp ................................................ 106
    Stringhalt.......   .    .     .    .    .   .......... 107
    Chorea..............               ..        .    .. 109
    Fits, or Epilepsy..........                               109
    Palsy.........       ...                          ..... 109
    Rheumatism....,,,,. 110
    Neurotomy........,,,,.....................              111
    Insanity .115
    Diseases of the Eye.....                                116
    Common Inflamm; on of the Eye.....                      117
    Specific Ophthalmia, or Moon-Blindness.....                 117
    Gutta Serena ......... 121
    Diseases of the Ear.....                                  121
    Deafness.....                                           122

                        CHAPTER IV.
TnE ANATOMY AND DISEASES OF THE NosE AND MOUTH .122
   Nasal Polypu8.                                          126
   Nasal Gleet, or Discharge from the Nose ................... 127
   Ozena................                                   128
   Glanders .129
   Farcy .136
   The Lips .139
   The Bones of the Mouth .141
   The Palate.......  .     .     .    .    .   ......   . 141
   Lampas .............. ,.,,,,, .... ,,,, , , 142
   The Lower Jaw.                                          142
   Diseases ofthe Teeth ..151

 

                         CONTENTS.                           xi
    The Tongue ...............................               152
    Diseases of the Tongue ...............................      152
    The Salivary Glands ...............................      153
    Strangles............................................... 154
    The Pharynx .........        ...................... 156

                          CHAPTER V.
THE ANATOXY AND DISEASES OF THE NECK AND NEIGHBOURING PARTS 157
    Poll-Evil...............................                 157
    The Muscles and proper form of the Neck ......... ........... 158
    The Blood-Vessels of the Neck .............................  161
    The Veins of the Neck ...............................       161
    Inflammation of the Vein .................................. 161
    The Palate ....................................,.,       163
    The Larynx                                               163
    The Trachea or Windpipe .164
    Tracheotomy .165
    The Bronchial Tubes .166

                         CHAPTER VI.
THE CHEST................................................ 167
    The Spine and Back .171
    The Loins .172
    The Withers .173
    Muscles of the Back .173
    Fistulous Withers .174
    Warbles, Sitfasts, and Saddle Galls .174
    Muscles of the Breast..................................... 175
    Chest-Founder .175

                         CHAPTER VII.
THE CONTENTS OF THE CHEST .175
    The Thymus Gland .175
    The Diaphragm .176
    Rupture of the Diaphragm .177
    The Pleura.                                              179
    The Lungs .181
    The Heart...............       .      .      .           181
    Diseases of the Heart.                                    182
    The Arteries.                                            184
    The Pulse.                                               184
    Inflammation.                                            185
    Fever................................................. 187

 

xu                       CONTENTS.
    The Veins                        ,                        188
    Bog and Blood Spavin .188
    Bleeding .189

                         CHAPTER VIII.
THE: MEMBRANE OF THs NosE.                                    191



Catarrh, or Cold ..



................................ 192



Inflammation of the Larynx.....................
Inflammation of the Trachea .....................
Roaring....................................
Bronchocee.   ...............................
Epidemic Catarrh .. ...........................
The Malignant Epidemic ........................
Bronchitis ....................................
Pneumonia-Inflammation of the Lungs......
Chronic Cough ................................
Thick Wind ...................
Broken Wind .................................
Phthisis Pulmonalis, or Consumption.............
Pleurisy .....................................



.......... .193
....... ...194
.......... .194
.......... .197
.......... 197
.......... .203
.......... .205
.......... .206
.......... .211
.......... .212
.......... .213
.......... 215
.......... 217



                          CHAPTER IX.
THE ABDOXEN AND ITS CONTENTS.      .....................
    The Stomach ....................................
    Bots  .    .....................................
    The Intestines  .................................
    The Liver.......................................
    The Pancreas ...................................
    The Spleen ......................................
    The Omentum    .................................

                          CHAPTER X.
    THE DISEASES OF THE INTESTINES .................
    The Duodenum    ................................
    Spasmodic Colic ..................................
    Flatulent Colic ...................................
    Inflammation of the Bowels........................
    Enteritis .........................................
    Physicking ......................................
    Calculi, or Stones, in the Intestines ...................
    Introsusception of the Intestines....................
    Entanglement of the Bowels ........................
    Worms ........................................



221
221
224
227
230
231
231
231



232
232
232
234
235
235
237
238
238
239
239

 

                          CONTENTS,                            iii
    Hernia, or Rupture..................................... 240
    Diseases of the Liver     .          .241
    Jaundice                                      .............242
    The Kidneys         .................,..... 243
    Inflammation of the Kidneys .     ..,,,,,. 244
    Diabetes, or Profuse Staling ............................ 245
    Bloody Urine--Hwmaturia      .................. 245
    Albuminous Urine        .           .245
    The Bladder........ ,.,.,..,                               245
    Inflammation of the Bladder.   ...................    ,  .246
    Stone in the Bladder      .         .246

                          CHAPTER XI.
BREEDING, CASTRATION, &C ..... 248
    Castration   .......................................... 254

                         CHAPTER XII.
THE FORE LEGS ............       ,     .    ........ .....     255
    The Shoulder ..................................,.,... 255
    Sprain of the Shoulder .255
    Slanting direction of the Shoulder..                          256
    The Humerus, or Lower Bone of the Shoulder .      .    ,... 260
    The Arm .261
    The Knee..........                                         264
    Broken Knees .265
    The Leg ........... 267
    Splint................................................ 268
    Sprain of the Back-Sinews..    ,      .     ,     .      . 269
    Wind-Galls .271
    The Pasterns ............................     ,    .. 272
    Lesions of the Suspensory Ligament ......................... 274
    The Fetlock ............................................ 275
    Grogginess....                                            275
    Cutting.............................................. 275
    Sprain of the Coffin-Joint.................,.,.,           . 277
    Ringbone............................................... 277

                         CHAPTER XIII.
TEE HIND LEGS.......................................... 279
    The Haunch ............    ,   .............,.,. 279
    The Thigh ............................................. 279
    The Stifle.283
    Thorough-Pin .285
    The Hock.                                                 285
    2

 


xiv                      CONTENTS.
    Enlargement of the Hock ................................. 286
    Curb................................................... 287
    Bog Spavin................                                287
    Bone Spavin .................................. 288
    Capped Hock ................                              290
    Mallenders and Sallenders ................ 291
    Swelled Legs................                              291
    Grease............................................... 292

                         CHAPTER XIV.
THE FOOT .295
    The Crust or Wall of the Hoof ............................. 296
    The Coronary Ring .297
    The Bars .297
    The Horny Lamina...................................... 298
    The Sole.............................................. 298
    The Frog.............................................. 299
    The Coffin-Bone .300
    The Sensible Sole ..................................,.300
    The Sensible Frog....                                     301
    The Navicular Bone .................................      301
    The Cartilages of the Foot ................................. 301

                          CHAPTER XV.
THE DISEASES OF THE FOOT .................................. 302
    Inflammation of the Foot, or Acute Founder ................... 302
    Chronic Laminitis .................................       304
    Pumiced Feet........................................... 304
    Contraction............................................. 305
    The Navicular-Joint Disease .....      ............. 309
    Sand-Crack ................... 311
    Tread and Over-reach .................. 312
    False Quarter............................................ 313
    Quittor................................................. 313
    Prick or Wound in the Sole or Crust ........................  315
    Corns.................................................. 317
    Thrush................................................. 318
    Canker...                                                 320
    Ossification of the Cartilages.............................. 321
    Weakness of the Foot..................                    321

                         CHAPTER XVI.
FRACTtEES .......   ,   .................        ............ 322

 

                          CONTENTS.                            IT

                          CHAPTER XVII.
OX SHOEING..........................................         . 333
    The putting on the Shoe ........................... ....... 335
    Calkins................................................ 336
    Clips .................................................. 337
    The hinder Shoe ..................................... 337
    Different kinds of Shoes .................................... 337
    The Concave-seated Shoe .................................. 337
    The Unilateral, or one side nailed Shoe ....................... 339
    The Hunting Shoe ....................................      340
    The Bar-Shoe...................................            340
    Tips...................................                    341
    The Expanding Shoe ..................................... 341
    Felt or Leather Soles ....................................   341

                         CHAPTER XVII.
OPERATIONS .................                                   344
    Bleeding ................. 345
    Blistering ....................... &46
    Firing ................. 347
    Setons................................................. 349
    Docking ................. 350
    Nicking................................................ 351

                         CHAPTER XIX.
THE VICES AND DISAGREEABLE OR DANGEROUS h1ABITS OF THE HousE 353
    Restiveness.  ............................................ 353
    Backing or Gibbing .356
    Biting................................................ 357
    Getting the Cheek of the Bit into the Mouth .358
    Kicking .358
    Unsteadiness while being Mounted .359
    Rearing..............................................      359
    Running Away .359
    Vicious to Clean .360
    Vicious to Shoe.                                           360
    Swallowing without Grinding .360
    Crib-Biting..........                                      361
    Wind-Sucking........                                       362
    Cutting..........                                          362
    Not Lying Down ..........                                  362
    Overreach .362
    Pawing................................................ 363

 


   Quidding ............................. 363
   Rolling.............................                   363
   Shying ..............................363
   Slipping the Collar .............................      365
   Tripping ............................. 366
   Weaving ............................. 366

                        CHAPTER XX.
Tim  GEzNRAL MANAGENENT OF THE HORSE .........   ........... 366
   Air.....                                               366
   Litter.....                                            368
   Light.....                                             369
   Grooming.....                                          370
   Exercise.....                                          371
   Food........                                     .. 372

                        CHAPTER XXI.
TDE SKIN AND ITS DISEAsES ................................. 381
   Hide-bound .........      ........................ 383
   Pores of the Skin .385
   Moulting....                                           385
   Colour....                                             386
   Surfeit....        .          ..                     . 387
   Mange...                           ,, 388
   Warts....                                              390
   Vermin...                                              390

                       CHAPTER XXII.
O  SONDNESS, AND THE PRCHASE AND SALE OF HORSES ........ 390

                       CHAPTER XXIII.
A LIST OF TMH  MEDICINES USED IN THE TREATMENT OF THE Di-
  EASEs OF T=E HoRsz ....................................... 398



AN ESSAY ON THE ASS AND MULE, BY J. S. SKINNER... 419



Xi



C ON TE N TS.

 





                       THE HORSE,


   IN ENGLAND AND AMERICA-AS HE HAS

                    BEEN, AND AS HE IS.



   OF all the beasts of the field, which, as we are told, the Lord formed out of the
earth, and brought unto Adam to see what he would call them, none has more
engaged the attention of the historian and the philosopher-none has figured more in
poetry and romance, than the horse.
   Coeval with their domestication, and the knowledge of their admirable capacities
to minister to our comforts and pleasures, according to Plutarch, the sentiment has
been common to all good men, to treat the horse and the dog with especial kindness,
and to cherish them carefully, even when the infirmities of age and long service have
rendered them useless.
  For the volumes which have been written on the Horse, whether more or less
authentic, as to his original country, his natural history, the time of his subjugation
to the use of man, and the various purposes for which he has been employed,-
whether in the homely gear of field-labour, or in the gorgeous trappings of the tour-
nament or chariot of war on all these points of his history and his uses, we might
refer the curious reader to various works, some of them elegant, alike in their embel-
lishments and their literature; but to quote and to collate them here, would be to
depart from the line of practical utility prescribed for the execution of our task;
hence, keeping that object constantly in view, we shall merely glance at what has been
written of his early history and services, and so come down rapidly to the period in the
history of the English horse where, after successive importations of foreign stallions,
and the observance of judicious systems of breeding, the stock of the mother country,
from which ours is derived, had attained about the days of Flying Childers, in the
beginning of the last century, a high degree, if not its maximum of excellence. It
was when so improved that the horse was imported into our then British Colonies;
and what, after all, it may be asked, is there economical and thrifty in our agricul-
tural and domestic habits-or good in our political and social institutions, the ele-
ments and general outline of which we have not derived from Old England I Some
orchardists contend that a branch cut from an old trunk and grafted an a young scion,
will, nevertheless, sympathize with the parent stock, and under the laws of vegetable
life, will decay as the parent tree declines! Does the theory sometimes apply to
countries and governments 1 or shall we thrive nationally, as plants grow larger and
more robust when transplanted from the seed-bed into wider space and freer circula-
tion I But these are questions for the politician.
  None of the writings to which we could point the reader contain more frequent
mention, or more glowing descriptions of the power and beauty of the Horse, than
the great book of books! The Bible teaches us that from whatever land this animal
may have been originally brought into Egypt, that country had already become a great
horse market, even before horses were known in Arabia; the country with which
we are apt to associate all that is most interesting in the history of this noble beast.
Geological researches, however, have discovered fossil remains of the horse in almost
      2                             C                             (17)

 



  18TlEH                                     SE
every part of the world, " from the tropical plains of India to the frozen regions of
Siberia-from the northern extremities of the new world to the southern point of
America." But amongst the Hebrews, horses were rare previous to the days of
Solomon, who had horses brought out of Egypt after his marriage with the daughter
of Pharoah, and so rapidly did he multiply them by purchase and by breeding, that
those kept for his own use required, as it is written, " four thousand stables, and
forty thousand stalls." Hence, when honoured by a visit from the beautiful Queen
of Sheba, bringing with her " camels bearing spices," and "1 very much gold and
precious stones," it was doubtless in the contemplation of his magnificent stud of
horses and chariots, kept for the amusement of his wives and concubines, as well as
of his other vast displays of power and magnificence, that her majesty exclaimed, in
the fullness of her admiration,-" Howbeit I believed not the words until I came,
and mine eyes had seen it, and behold the half was not told me!"
  This gallant monarch appears to have enjoyed a large monopoly of the horse trade
with Egypt, for which he was probably indebted to his having an Egyptian Princess
for one of his wives. His merchants supplied horses in great numbers to the Hittite