xt7j3t9d814z https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7j3t9d814z/data/mets.xml Arizona Arizona Historical Records Survey United States. Works Progress Administration. Division of Community Service Programs 1941 x, 68 313; 28 cm. UK holds archival copy for ASERL Collaborative Federal Depository Program libraries. Call Number FW 4.14:Ar 4i/3/no.12 books English Tucson: Survey of Federal Archives This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. Arizona Works Progress Administration Publications Archives -- Arizona -- Santa Cruz County Santa Cruz County (Ariz.) -- History -- Sources Inventory of the County Archives of Arizona: no. 12. Santa Cruz County (Nogales), 1941 text Inventory of the County Archives of Arizona: no. 12. Santa Cruz County (Nogales), 1941 1941 1941 2019 true xt7j3t9d814z section xt7j3t9d814z IIIUIITSIIIEEIE'TIJIJEUHEIIIII '

l 1 IN TO RYOf tfieCOUN TY
i ARCHIVES °f‘ ARIZONA
~ . N O. 12

: SANTA CRUZ COUNTY

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5 ARIZONA STATEWIDE ARCHIVAL
‘ AND RECORDS PROJECT
_ ; HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY PROJECTS
V P H OE NIX, ARIZONA

 INVENTORY OF THE COUNTY ARCHIVES
OF ARIZONA
No. 12. SANTA CRUZ COUNTY (NOGALES)
PREPARED BY
THE ARIZONA STATEWIDE ARCHIVAL AND RECORDS PROJECT
DIVISION OF COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAMS
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
‘ O a t t ‘-
PHOENIx, ARIZONA
ARIZONA STATEWIDE ARCHIVAL AND RECORDS PROJECT
HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY PROGRAM
NOVEMBER 1941

 THE HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY PROGRAM
SARGENT B. CHILD, DIRECTOR
; LLOYD A. ARVIDSON, STATE SUPERVISOR
i
1
I
I
1
.1 THE RESEARCH AND RECORDS PROGRAMS
1 HARVEY E. BECKNELL, DIRECTOR
ROBERT H. SLOVER, REGIONAL SUPERVISOR
1 SIDNEY KARTUS, STATE CHIEF
1
1 .
1
1
, DIVISION OF COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAMS
, FLORENCE KERR, ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER
I MARY H. ISHAM, CHIEF REGIONAL SUPERVISOR
1 AGNES HUNT PARKE, STATE DIRECTOR
. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
= HOWARD 0. HUNTER, COMMISSIONER
R. L. NICHOLSON, ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER
w. J. JAMIESON, STATE ADMINISTRATOR
SPONSOR: DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES OF THE STATE
f OF ARIZONA
E CO—SPONSOR: COUNTY OF SANTA CRUZ

 FOREWORD

THE INVENTORY_O£_THE_§9UN1Y ARCHIVES OF ARIZONA IS ONE OF A NUMBER
OF GUIDES TO HISTORICAL MATERIALS PREPARED THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES
BY WORKERS ON THE HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY PROGRAM OF THE WORK PROJECTS
ADMINISTRATION. THE PUBLICATION HEREWITH PRESENTED, AN INVENTORY OF THE
ARCHIVES OF SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, IS NUMBER 12 OF THE ARIZONA SERIES.

THE HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY PROGRAM WAS UNDERTAKEN IN THE WINTER
OF 1935n36 FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING USEFUL EMPLOYMENT To NEEDY UNEM-
PLOYED HISTORIANS, LAWYERS, TEACHERS, AND RESEARCH AND CLERICAL WORKERS.
IN CARRYING OUT THIS OBJECTIVE, THE PROJECT WAS ORGANIZED TO COMPILE IN-
VENTORIES OF HISTORICAL MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY THE UNPUBLISHED GOVERN—
MENT DOCUMENTS AND RECORDS WHICH ARE BASIC IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF LOCAL
GOVERNMENT, AND WHICH PROVIDE INVALUABLE DATA FOR STUDENTS OF POLITICAL,
ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL HISTORY. THE ARCHIVAL GUIDE HEREWITH PRESENTED IS
INTENDED To MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF DAY-To-DAY ADMINISTRATION BY THE OF-
FICIALS OF THE COUNTY, AND ALSO THE NEEDS OF LAWYERS, BUSINESSMEN AND
OTHER CITIZENS WHO REQUIRE FACTS FROM THE PUBLIC RECORDS FOR THE PROPER
CONDUCT OF THEIR AFFAIRS. THE VOLUME IS SO DESIGNED THAT IT CAN BE USED
BY THE HISTORIAN IN HIS RESEARCH IN UNPRINTED SOURCES IN THE SAME WAY HE
USES THE LIBRARY CARD CATALOG FOR PRINTED SOURCES.

THE INVENTORIES PRODUCED BY THE HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY PROGRAM
ATTEMPT To DO MORE THAN GIVE MERELY A LIST OF RECORDS — THEY ATTEMPT FUR-
THER To SKETCH IN THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE COUNTY OR OTHER UNIT
OF GOVERNMENT, AND To DESCRIBE PRECISELY AND IN DETAIL THE ORGANIZATION
AND FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES WHOSE RECORDS THEY LIST. THE
COUNTY, TOWN, AND OTHER LOCAL INVENTORIES FOR THE ENTIRE COUNTRY WILL,
WHEN COMPLETED, CONSTITUTE AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AS WELL
AS A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LOCAL ARCHIVES.

THE SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION OF THE WORK OF THE HISTORICAL RECORDS
SURVEY PROGRAM, EVEN IN A SINGLE COUNTY, WOULD NOT BE POSSIBLE WITHOUT
THE SUPPORT OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS, HISTORICAL AND LEGAL SPECIALISTS, AND
MANY OTHER GROUPS IN THE COMMUNITY. THEIR COOPERATION IS GRATEFULLY
ACKNOWLEDGED.

THE SURVEY PROGRAM WAS ORGANIZED BY LUTHER H. EVANS, WHO SERVED AS
DIRECTOR UNTIL MARCH 1, 1940, WHEN HE WAS SUCCEEDEO BY SARGENT B. CHILD,
WHO HAD BEEN NATIONAL FIELD SUPERVISOR SINCE THE INAUGURATION OF THE
SURVEY. THE SURVEY PROGRAM OPERATES AS A NATIONéWIDE SERIES OF LOCALLY
SPONSORED PROJECTS IN THE DIVISION OF COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAMS, OF
WHICH MRS. FLORENCE KERR, ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER, IS IN CHARGE.

HOWARD O. HUNTER
COMMISSIONER OF
WORK PROJECTS

 I
‘ I
1 PREFACE
: THE ARIZONA STATEWIDE ARCHIVAL AND RECORDS PROJECT IS ONE OF THE
? NATION-WIDE GROUP OF HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY PROJECTS IN THE DIVI-
I SION OF COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAMS OF THE WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.
I THE HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY WAS INITIATED IN JANUARY 1936, AS PART
1 OF FEDERAL PROJECT No. 1. THE SURVEY IN ARIZONA BEGAN OPERATIONS IN I
”I MARCH 1936, AS PART OF THE FEDERAL WRITERS PROJECT. IN OCTOBER 1936, 1
‘1 IT BECAME A PART OF THE INDEPENDENT FEDERALLY—SPONSORED NATION—WIDE
I SURVEY. '
I IN SEPTEMBER 1939, THE SURVEY IN ARIZONA WAS COMBINED WITH THE
1 STATE ARCHIVES PROJECT TO FORM THE PRESENT ARIZONA STATEWIDE ARCHIVAL
AND RECORDS PROJECT, WHICH Is SPONSORED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY
AND ARCHIVES OF THE STATE OF ARIZONA.
‘ THE BASIC OBJECTIVE OF THE HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY PROGRAM :8
1 THE PREPARATION OF PRIMARY KEYS To THE SOURCE MATERIALS OF AMERICAN
1 HISTORY AND RELATED SUBJECTS. ACTIVITIES OF THE PROJECT INCLUDE THE
I PREPARATION OF INVENTORIES OF STATE AND LOCAL ARCHIVES, AND OF GUIDES,
I LISTS, AND CALENDARS OF MANUSCRIPTS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HANDS, IN—
‘ CLUDING CHURCH RECORDS, NEWSPAPERS, AND EARLY AMERICAN IMPRINTS. OLD
l AND IMPORTANT ARCHIVES AND MANUSCRIPTS ARE PRESERVED AND MADE AVAILA—
1 BLE THROUGH TRANSCRIPTION. THE MOST ACTIVE PHASE OF THE HISTORICAL
RECORDS SURVEY PROGRAM IN ARIZONA IS THE INVENTORY OF PUBLIC RECORDS.
' DURING THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY, THE PROJECT IN ARIZONA IS ASSISTIUG IN
I THE PERFORMANCE OF DEFENSE TASKS. AN INVENTORY OF VITAL STATISTICS
I RECORDS HAS ALREADY BEEN PUBLISHED AND AN INVENTORY OF CIVILIAN ORGAN-
IZATIONS AVAILABLE FOR COMMUNITY SERVICE AND VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION
I IN THE CIVILIAN DEFENSE PROGRAM IS NOW BEING PREPARED.
R IN THIS AND OTHER INVENTORIES OF COUNTY ARCHIVES, THE ARRANGEMENT
‘ OF OFFICES IS BY GOVERNMENTAL FUNCTION: ADMINISTRATION; FINANCE, IN-
CLUDING TAXATION AND FISCAL CONTROL; ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE; LAW
7 ENFORCEMENT; RECORDATIDN; CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS; EDUCATION; AND PUBLIC
? SERVICES, INCLUDING REGISTRATION OF VITAL STATISTICS, HEALTH AND PUB~
1 LIC WELFARE ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL AID, AND PUBLIC WORKS. A SEC-
TION IS OEVOTED TO EACH OFFICE FORMING THE GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION
OF THE COUNTY. THE FIRST PART OF EACH SECTION CONSISTS OF AN ESSAY
WHICH DISCUSSES THE ORGANIZATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE OFFICE, ITS
POWERS AND DUTIES (OR JURISDICTION OF COURTS), AND THE RECORDS RE-
QUIREMENTS OF THE OFFICE FROM THE CREATION OF THE COUNTY To THE PRES-
ENT TIME. THESE ESSAYS ARE BASED UPON CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY j
PROVISIONS, COURT DECISIONS, PUBLIC RECORDS, AND OTHER SOURCES. FOL— ,
. LOWING THE ESSAYS ARE THE RECORDS ENTRIES FOR THE OFFICES, ARRANGED ,
ON A FUNCTIONAL BASIS.
: ENTRIES DESCRIBING RECORDS HAVE BEEN FORMALIZEO TO SHOW THE FOL-
: LOWING INFORMATION: TITLE OF RECORD, DATES FOR WHICH ExTANT, QUANTITY,
I
3 Iv
5.‘ I

 I
V
PREFACE
LABELING, INFORMATION ON MISSING RECORDS OR DISCONTINUANCE, VARIANT
TITLES, DESCRIPTION OF RECORD CONTENTS, ARRANGEMENT, INDEXING, METHOD
OF RECORDING, CONDITION OF THE RECORD, SIZE, AND LOCATION OF RECORD IN
COURTHOUSE.

IT IS EXPECTED THAT THESE INVENTORIES WILL HAVE A LONG-RANGE RE—
SEARCH VALUE, IN ADDITION TO THEIR IMMEDIATE PRACTICAL VALUE AS A GUIDE
To THE USE OF RECORDS. PUBLIC OFFICIALS, BECAUSE OF PERIODIC TURNOVER
IN OFFICE PERSONNEL AND BECAUSE OF THE DIVISION OF DUTIES, CANNOT BE Ex-
PECTED TO HAVE A COMPREHENSIVE KNOWLEDGE OF RECORDS, FAMILIARITY WITH
WHICH IS NECESSARY TO THE EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING OF THEIR OFFICES. THIS
VOLUME WILL INDICATE TO THEM IMMEDIATELY WHAT RECORDS THEY ARE REQUIRED
BY LAW TO KEEP AND THE FORM, NATURE, AND LOCATION OF RECORDS NOW KEPT BY
THE COUNTY AND BY THEIR PREDECESSOR OFFICIALS. WRITERS OF LOCAL HISTORY
WILL FIND THE INVENTORIES READY GUIDES TO ALL RECORDS REFLECTING POLITI-
CAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOSIC DEVELOPMENTS. STUDENTS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
WILL VALUE THEM SOTH FOR LOCATING THE RECORDS AND FOR TRADING THE TRENDS
OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AS MANIFESTED IN THE EVOLUTION OF OFFICE STRUCTURE
AND CHANGE IN OFFICE FUNCTIONS. IT IS HOPED THAT EXTENSIVE USE OF THESE
INVENTORIES WILL BE MADE IN THE SCHOOLS, IN ORDER THAT STUDENTS MAY BE—
COME FAMILIAR WITH THE ASPECTS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT, WITH THE KINDS OF
RECORDS KEPT IN CONNECTION WITH THE ADMINISTRATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT,
AND WITH THE INSTRUMENTS FILED AND RECORDED To PROTECT PRIVATE PROPERTY
RIGHTS. A KNOWLEDGE BY THE STUDENTS OF THE WORKINGS AND RECORDS OF THE
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS OF THEIR COMMUNITIES WILL LEAD TO THEIR PARTICIPATION
THEREIN: ONE OF THE BEST GUARANTEES OF THE GROWTH OF THE DEMOCRATIC
FORM OF GOVERNMENT UNDER WHICH WE LIVE.

PRELIMINARY WORK ON THE ORIGINAL INVENTORY OF SANTA CRUZ COUNTY
RECORDS WAS BEGUN BY SURVEY WORKERS IN JULY 1938, UNDER THE DIRECTION
OF GEORGE F. WANLESS, AND WAS COMPLETED IN FEBRUARY 1940. FOR VARIOUS
PERIODS, THE FOLLOWING RESIDENT WORKERS ASSISTED IN COMPILING THE INVEN-
TORY: ATHOL E. SANDERS, STEVEN O. PATTON, WILLIAM B. RILEY, JOSEPHINE
C. BAILEY, FRANK W. TODD, HARVEY WEEKS, AND FLORENCE C. HANNAN. As REC-
ORDS WERE INVENTORIED, DISARRANGED RECORDS WERE CLEANED AND ARRANGED BY
PROJECT WORKERS, RESULTING IN A CONSIDERABLE IMPROVEMENT IN RECORDS-
KEEPING CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTY, PARTICULARLY IN PROVIDING DATA NEEDED
BY SANTA CRUZ COUNTY TEACHERS TO QUALIFY FOR TEACHERS' PENSIONS. INVEN—
TORY ENTRIES WERE RECHECKED AGAINST THE ORIGINAL RECORDS AND BROUGHT UP
TO DATE BY D. L. PORTNER, AREA SUPERVISOR OF THE PROJECT, IN APRIL 1940;
RECHECKING OF SPECIFIC ITEMS OF INFORMATION HAVE BEEN MADE UP TO THE
TIME OF PUBLICATION. LEGAL ESSAY MATERIAL WAS COMPILED BY REX STEWART,
PAUL LENox, AND RALPH WALKER, MEMBERS OF THE PROJECT'S LEGAL STAFF;

‘ CATHERINE CHAMBLISS COLLECTED AND COLLATED INFORMATION ON THE HISTORICAL
SKETCH UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MR, PORTNER. MIMEOGRAPHING OF THE VOLUME
WAS UNDER THE DIRECTION OF ETHEL DAWSON.

THE COVER OF THIS BOOK WAS DESIGNED AND EXECUTED BY SILK SCREEN
PROCESS BY THE ARIZONA ART PROJECT, 0. P. NO, 65-1-02-2099.
i

 I
VI 3
PREFACE
APPRECIATION FOR VALUABLE ASSISTANCE IN COMPILING THIS VOLUME IS
GRATEFULLY EXTENDED TO MULFORD WINSOR, DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LIw
BRARY AND ARCHIVES; TO DEAN JAMES B. MCCORMICK AND ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
WILLIAM s. BARNES OF THE COLLEGE OF LAW OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA,
I CO-SPONSOR OF THE PROJECT, FOR ADVICE AND TECHNICAL DIRECTION OF THE I
‘ PROJECT'S LEGAL RESEARCH, WHICH IS THE BASIS FOR COMPILATION OF THESE
I INVENTORIES; TO SIDNEY KARTUS, CHIEF, WPA RESEARCH AND RECORDS PROGRAMS, .
! WHO GAVE ADMINISTRATIVE GUIDANCE IN THE COMPILATION OF THIS VOLUME; AND
I ESPECIALLY TO THE OFFICIALS OF SANTA CRUZ COUNTY FOR THEIR COOPERATION
3 AND ASSISTANCE WHILE THE INVENTORY WAS BEING MADE AND RECHECKED. SANTA
1 CRUZ COUNTY IS A COOPERATING CO-SPONSOR OF THE PROJECT, AND FURNISHED
! MATERIALS FOR THE PUBLICATION OF THIS VOLUME. NAMES OF PRESENT OFFICIALS
3 OF THE COUNTY ARE LISTED IN THE ROSTER 0F OFFICIALS WHICH IS A PART OF
‘ THIS VOLUME, BEGINNING ON PAGE 270. THE ARIZONA STAFF HAS PROFITED IN
! ALL PHASES OF ITS WORK BY THE CONSTRUCTIVE ADVICE AND CRITICISMS OF THE
! WASHINGTON, D. 0., OFFICE OF THE HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY PROGRAM.
5 WHEN COMPLETED, 1HE_LN153123103£NIH§_QOUNTY AEEELXEE~BE_ERIZONA
WILL FORM A SERIES IN WHICH EACH COUNTY INVENTORY SEARS A SEPARATE NUM-
‘ BER. EACH UNIT OF THE SERIES IS NUMBERED ACCORDING TO THE RESPECTIVE
! POSITIONS OF THE COUNTIES IN AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE COUNTIES. IN
I THIS SERIES THE SANTA CRUZ COUNTY INVENTORY, HEREWITH PRESENTED, IS
I NO. 12. THE INVENTORIES OF STATE ARCHIVES, AND OF MUNICIPAL AND OTHER
! LOCAL ARCHIVES, WILL CONSTITUTE SEPARATE PUBLICATIONS. PROJECT PUBLI-
5 CATIDNS ARE DISTRIBUTED FREE OF CHARGE TO A MAILING LIST OF 125 IMPOR~
? TANT LIBRARIES, UNIVERSITIES, AND OTHER DEPOSITORIES IN EACH OF THE 48
? STATES, THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE TERRITORY OF HAWAII, AND PUERTO
I RICO, AS WELL AS To PUBLIC LIBRARIES, COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS, HISTORICAL
I SOCIETIES, AND PUBLIC OFFICIALS IN ARIZONA. UP TO THE PRESENT TIME MORE
THAN 1,500 PUBLICATIONS HAVE BEEN ISSUED BY THE SURVEY THROUGHOUT THE
NATION. A LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ARIZONA STATEWIDE ARCHIVAL AND
RECORDS PROJECT ISSUED TO DATE HAY BE FOUND ON PAGE 313 OF THIS VOLUME.
! REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING THE ARIZONA STATEWIDE ARCHIVAL
I AND RECORDS PROJECT AND ITS ACTIVITIES IN ARIZONA SHOULD BE AOCRESSED
! TO THE STATE SUPERVISOR OF THE PROJECT AT 411 STATE CAPITOL, PHOENIX.
I
I
LLOYD A. ARVIDSON
! STATE SUPERVISOR
I ARIZONA STATEWIDE ARCHIVAL
? AND RECORDS PROJECT
I
I PHOENIX, ARIZONA
!' NOVEMBER 28, 1941
I
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iv
GENERAL
HISTORICAL SKETCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
MAP OF COUNTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION AND RECORDS SYSTEM . . . . . . . 25
CHART OF COUNTY GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . , . . . . 43
HOUSING, CARE AND ACCESSIBILITY OF THE RECORDS . . . . . . 45
FLOOR PLANS OF COURTHOUSE . . . . . . . . . . FACING 48
ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND EXPLANATORY NOTES . . . . . . 49
COUNTY OFFICES AND THEIR RECORDS
I. BOARD OF SUPERVISORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
PROCEEDINGS: MINUTES; PETITIONS. ACCOUNTS. EXPENDI—
TURES: BUDGETS; BIDS AND CONTRACTS; CLAIMS; WARRANTS.
_ BOND ISSUES. TAX EXEMPTIONS. OFFICIALS' REPORTS.
COUNTY PROPERTY. SCHOOLS. ROADS. CANVASS OF ELEC—
TIONS. CORRESPONDENCE. MAPS: GENERAL; TOWNS, SUS-
DIVISIONS, AND ADDITIONS.
II. ASSESSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
LAND TENURE AND VALUATIONS. REALTY IMPROVEMENTS. CAT—
TLE SHIPMENTS. ASSESSMENT LISTS, PERSONAL PROPERTY TAX
COLLECTIONS. MAPS: LAND TENURE MAPS; TOWNSHIP PLATS;
TOWNS, SUBDIVISIONS, AND ADDITIONS; GENERAL.
III. BOARD OF EQUALIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
{II INUTES. MAPS.
IV. TAx COLLECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . q . 86
ASSESSMENT AND TAx ROLL. TAx COLLECTIONS. DELINOUENT
TAXES. TAx SALES.
V. AGENT OF MOTOR VEHICLE DIVISION OF STATE HIGHWAY
DEPARTMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
REGISTRATION OF VEHICLES. LICENSES OF VEHICLE OPERATORS.
I .

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VIII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PACE
VI. TREASURER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
ACCOUNTS: JOURNALS; LEOCER. RECEIPTS. COUNTY OF-
FICIALs' REPORTS. WARRANTS. BONDED INDEBTEDNESS.
MAP.
I VII. DISTRICT COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
I CIVIL. CRIMINAL. JUVENILE. NATURALIZATION. JURIEs.
I NOTARIAL COMMISSIONS AND BONDS. DENTISTS' AND OPTOME~
TRISTS' CERTIFICATES.
I VIII. PROBATE COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
I PROBATE 0F ESTATES. WILLS. MARRIAGES.
I IX. SUPERIOR COURT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
I CIVIL. CRIMINAL. PROBATE: CASE RECORDS; WILLS.
‘ JUVENILE: MINUTES AND REGISTER; ADOPTIONS. NATURALI—
ZATION. MARRIAGES. JURIES. NOTARIAL COMMISSIONS AND
BONDS.
I x. JUSTICE OF THE PEACE . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
f CIVIL. CRIMINAL. FEES AND FINES COLLECTED.
I .
I XI. CORDNER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
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I XII. COUNTY ATTORNEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
I XIII. JUVENILE PROBATION OFFICER . . . . . . . . . . 157
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XIV. SHERIFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
CIVIL: SERVICE OF PROCESS; LICENSES; MOTOR VEHICLE
ACCIDENTS. CRIMINAL: STOLEN PROPERTY; IDENTIFICATION
I OF PERSONS; MOTOR VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION; SERVICE OF
I PROCESS; PRISONERS. ADMINISTRATION OF OFFICE: BLOTTER;
I RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES; MAPS.
XV. CONSTABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
I
I XVI. RECORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
I BLOTTER. REAL PROPERTY: DEEDS; MINING RECORDS; MILL-
_ SITES; DECLARATIONS OF HOMESTEAD; SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY
I LANDS; LEASES; MORTGAGES; LIENS; JUDGMENTS; ATTACHMENTS,
'I EXECUTIONS, LIS PENDENS; FORECLOSURES. PERSONAL
I PROPERTY: CONDITIONAL SALES; BILLS OF SALE; MORTGAGES.
5 BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS AND GRANTS OF AUTHORITY: CORPO-
I RATIONS; POWERS OF ATTORNEY. PROFESSIONAL LICENSES AND
I ’ CERTIFICATES. ELECTIONS: REGISTERS OF ELECTORS; AFFIw
I DAVITS OF REGISTRATION; CANCELATION OF REGISTRATION; POLL
I LIST; APPLICATIONS FOR ABSENT AND DISABLED VOTERS' BAL-
,I LOTS. OFFICIAL BONDS, OATHS, AND APPOINTMENTS. NOTARIAL
I
,I RECORDS. ARMY DISCHARGES. TOWNSITE SURVEY. MAPS:
CI, _
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
RECORDER (CONTINUED) . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
TOWNS, ADDITIONS, AND SUBDIVISIONS; LAND TENURE; ROADS
AND HIGHWAYS; GENERAL. CORRESPONDENCE. MISCELLANEOUS
RECORDS.
XVII. ELECTION BOARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
XVIII. ELECTION MARSHAL . . . . . . . . . . . ‘. . 210
XIX. COUNTY SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENT . . . . . . . . . 210
SCHOOL DISTRICT GOVERNMENT: BOUNDARIES; APPOINT-
MENTS AND ELECTIONS; REPORTS; CLERK'S RECORDS.
SCHOOL OPENINGS AND PUPIL ATTENDANCE. SCHOOL FI~
NANCES: ACCOUNTS; BUDGETS AND APPORTIONMENTS;
TREASURER'S RECEIPTS; EXPENDITURES. REPORTS. REC—
ORDS OF TEACHERS. OFFICE ADMINISTRATION. MAP.
MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.
XX. COUNTY BOARD OF EXAMINERS . . . . . . . . . . 230
XXI. LOCAL REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS . . . . . . . 231
XXII. COUNTY BOARD OF HEALTH . . . . . . . . . . . 233
XXIII. COUNTY PHYSICIAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
XXIV. CHILD WELFARE BOARD . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
XXV. COUNTY OLD AGE PENSION COMMISSION . . . . . . . 244
XXVI. COUNTY BOARD OF SOCIAL SECURITY AND PUBLIC WELFARE . . 245
APPLICATIONS FOR RELIEF. CASE HISTORIES. ASSIST—
ANCE CASES.
XXVII. COMMISSIONER OF IMMIGRATION . . . . . . . . . 252
XXVIII. COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AGENT . . . . . . . . . . 253
XXIX. HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENT . . . . . . - - . - 255
xxx. COUNTY SURVEYOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
XXXI. ROAD OVERSEER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
/
XXXII. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT 0F ROADS . . . . . . . . 200
XXXIII. COUNTY ENGINEER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
ROADS AND BRIDGES. STREET MAPS. PROPERTY MAPS.
PLAT OF RIGHT-OF-WAY. GENERAL MAPS.
. W

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
ROSTER OF OFFICIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . .270
SUBJECT INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
I ' LIST OF SURVEY PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . 313
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 (FIRST ENTRY, P. 63)
1. HISTORICAL SKETCH
GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY
SANTA CRUZ COUNTY LIES IN THE CENTER OF THE EXTREME SOUTHERN PART OF
THE STATE OF ARIZONA, BORDERING ON THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY LINE BETWEEN
THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. THE COUNTY, WITH AN AREA OF 1,246 SQUARE
MILES,1 IS ALMOST AS LARGE As THE STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. SITUATED IN THE
OLD SPANISH PROVINCE OF PIMERIA ALTA, THE LAND Now CONSTITUTING SANTA CRUZ
COUNTY SERVED AS A HIGHWAY FOR THE MISSIONARIES AND CONQUISTADORS WHO
FORMED THE ADVANCE GUARD OF SPANISH COLONIZATION IN WHAT IS NOW THE UNITED
STATES.
IN THIS AREA, AS IN OTHER PARTS OF ARIZONA, GEOLOGIC HISTORY BEGINS
IN THE OBSCURITY OF PRE-CAMBRIAN TIME. THICK STRATA OF SEDIMENTS DEPOS-
ITED BY VAST INLAND SEAS WHICH ExTENDED OVER MUCH OF PRESENT DAY ARIZONA,
WERE CONVERTED INTO SCHISTS BY PRESSURE AND HEAT IN PRE—CAMBRIAN TIME.
FOLLOWING THE DEPOSITION 0F SEDIMENTS AND THE INTRUSION OF GRANITIC ROCKS,
EROSION TOOK PLACE. AGAIN IN THE LATE PALEOZOIC ERA WATER SPREADING FROM
THE SOUTHEAST COVERED THIS AREA, DEPOSITING CAMBRIAN, DEVONIAN, AND CARBON-
IFEROUS ROCKS IN THE SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS. DURING THE MESOZOIC ERA THERE
WAS MUCH IGNEOUS ACTIVITY RESULTING IN THE EXTRUSION OF GREAT BATHOLITHIC
MASSES. THE LATER GEOLOGIC HIsToRY OF THE COUNTY IS ONE OF EROSION OF
MOUNTAINS AND SEDIMENTATION IN THE VALLEYS. BOTH OF THESE PROCESSES OPER-
ATING AT VARYING RATES IN THE PLEISTOCENE COMPRISED TWO CYCLES OF EROSION
AND SEDIMENTATION AND PART OF A THIRD WHICH WAS COMPLETED IN RECENT TIME.2
THE ORO BLANCO MOUNTAINS IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE COUNTY ARE MADE .
UP PRINCIPALLY OF PRE-CAMBRIAN GRANITE, CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS, TERTIARY
LAVAS, AND VARIOUS MINOR INTRUSIVES, AND CONTAIN NUMEROUS GOLD-BEARING
QUARTZ VEINS AND STRINGERS.3
. THE COUNTY VARIES WIDELY IN ELEVATION BEGINNING AT 3,000 FEET IN THE
VALLEY OF THE SANTA CRUZ, WHICH TRAVERSES THE COUNTY FROM NORTH TO SOUTH,
AND RISING To 9,452 FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL IN THE SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS IN
MT. WRIGHTSON, THE FOURTH HIGHEST PEAK IN ARIZONA. FORMED BY AN EXTENSIVE
MARINE DEPOSIT, THE VALLEY OF THE SANTA CRUZ IS CONSIDERED SOME OF THE
BEST FARMING LAND IN ARIZONA. IN CONTRAST To OTHER REGIONS OF THE STATE,
_._~*__________________.__“_______*_____________________________________
1. U. s. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, SIXTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1939,
POPULATION, FIRST SERIES, P. 2.
2. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER
SUPPLY PAPER, THE PAPACO COUNTRY, PP. 109, 110. (HEREINAFTER
CITED AS THE PAPAGO COUNTRY!)
3. ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES, "ARIZONA GOLD PLACERS AND PLACERING," UNA:
VERSITY OF ARIZONA BULLETIN No. 132, VOL. III, No. 1, P. 65.
I

 I _ 2 _
. HISTORICAL SKETCH - (FIRST ENTRY, P.63) .
I SANTA CRUZ COUNTY IS NOT TOTALLY OERENOENT UPON DAMS FOR FARM IRRIGATION,
1 FOR THE SANTA CRUZ RIVER CARRIES RELATIVELY LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER AND
I IN SOME PARTS OF ITS COURSE FLOWS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. THE FLOOD PLAIN
‘ ‘ OF THE INNER TRENCH OF THE RIVER HAS A SHALLOW WATER TABLE AND HERE ARE
LOCATED MOST OF THE FARMS AND RANCHES.1 NEAR CALABASAS THE SANTA CRUZ IS
I JOINED WITH NOGALES WASH, OR PORTRERO CREEK, WHICH FLOWS NORTHWARD FROM
I NOGALES, AND BY SONOITA CREEK, WHICH HEADS ON THE EAST SIDE OF THE SANTA
;' RITA AND PATAGONIA MOUNTAINS. THE REGION HERE IS A MOIST'AND FERTILE ~
I MEADOWLAND.2 DUE TO SUCH FAVORABLE CONDITIONS, CATTLE RAISING Is AN IM-
I PDRTANT INDUSTRY IN THE COUNTY.
I THE TOTAL PRECIPITATION AT NOGALES IN 1940 WAS 16.73. THE GREATER
I_ 7 PART OF THE RAIN FALLING IN JULY, AUGUST, AND SEPTEMBER. AVERAGE ANNUAL
I TEMPERATURE FOR THE COUNTY IS 65.7 DEGREES.3
I
,I THE MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE COUNTY HAVE BEEN EXPLOITED FOR OVER
I THREE CENTURIES, COMMENCING IN THE PERIOD OF THE EARLY SPANISH MISSIONS
WITH SCATTEREO PLACER OPERATIONS IN THE SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS,4 AND DE—
’j VELOPING TO THE PRESENT YIELD OF GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, LEAD, AND ZINC
I ORE FOR A TOTAL PRODUCTION OF $1,689,419 IN 1939.5
I SPANISH OCCUPATION I
I THE LANDS LYING SOUTH OF THE GILA RIVER, IN WHAT IS NOW ARIZONA, WERE
I AMONG THE FIRST IN WHAT IS NOW THE UNITED STATES To BE PENETRATED BY EURO-
’ , PEANS. THESE LANDS WERE ACQUIRED BY SPAIN THROUGH DISCOVERY AND EXPLORA—
l TION IN THE SIxTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES AND THROUGH OCCUPATION IN
THE EIGHTEENTH AND EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURIES.6
7 ANXIOUS To COLONIZE AND EXPLOIT THE RESOURCES OF PIMERIA ALTA, THE
” NORTHERN PORTIQN OF THE OLD PROVINCE OF SCNORA, THE VICEROY OF NEW SPAIN
,1 IN 1539 SENT THE FRANCISCAN MISSIONARY, FRAY MARCOS DE NIzA, IN SEARCH OF THE
fI FABULOUS SEVEN CITIES OF CIBOLA. IN HIS SEARCH TRAY MARCOS PASSED THROUGH
. THE PRESENT AREA OF SANTA CRUZ COUNTY.7 DURING THE NEXT TWO YEARS THE
_ CONOUISTADORS MELCHDIR OIAz AND FRANCISCO VASOUEZ CORONADO AND THEIR ARMIES
7 PASSED ALONG THE EASTERN BORDER OF THE COUNTY. FOLLOWING THESE TWO ENTRADAS
; THERE WAS LITTLE ACTIVITY IN PIMERIA ALTA FOR OVER A CENTURY AND A HALF.8
a__.._____*.______~_——«——~———~—~—————h~—Pa——————-~—~————--—*"—"**‘
' 1. THE PAPAGO COUNTRY, PP. 110, 111, 113, 254.
I 2. IBID., PP. 110, 111, 113.
3. U. 5. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, WEATHER BUREAU, CLIMATOLDGICAL DATA,
VI ARIZONA SECTION, 1940, P. 2. ,
iI 4. UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES, MINERAL TECHNOLOGY SERIES, N2:
I 33, BULLETIN N0. 123, P. 65.
l S. MINERALS YEAR BOOK, 1940, P. 183.
'I' 6. H. H. BANCROFT, HISTORY OF ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO, 1530—1888, PP.
f. 27 FF.
‘ 7. 111.04, PP. 27, 28, 30.
I . 8. LHERBERT E. BOLTON, KINO'§_HISTORIOAL MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA, I, P. 28.
fii‘ I

 _ 3 -
HISTORICAL SKETCH (FIRST ENTRY, P.63)

IN 1686 THE JESUIT EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KIND LEFT THE CITY OF MEXICO AND
JOURNEYED NORTH TO START A LONG CAREER OF MISSIONARY WORK AMONG THE INDIANS
OF SINALOA AND SONORA.1 JOINED BY PADRE JUAN MARIA OE SALVATIERRA, THE TWO
FRIARS PUSHED INTO THE COUNTRY OF THE SOBAIPURIS TRAVELING ALONG THE SANTA
CRUZ VALLEY.2

SAN CAYETANO OR SAN JOSE DE TUMACACORI, NOW KNOWN AS TUMACACORI MIS-
SION, WAS FIRST VISITED BY FATHER KINO IN 1690 AND MENTIONED AS A RANCHERIA
AND VISITA OF HIS PROPOSED MISSION AT SAN GABRIEL OE GUEVAVI, WHERE HE
STARTED A CHURCH IN 1701, BOTH OF THESE MISSIONS BEING IN WHAT IS NOW SANTA
CRUZ COUNTY.3 DURING THE PERIOD OF TWENTY-FOUR YEARS WHICH KINO REMAINED
IN PIMERIA ALTA HE MADE AT LEAST‘14 JOURNEYS INTO WHAT IS NOW ARIZONA. SIX
OF THESE JOURNEYS LED HIM TO TUMACACORI, TUCSON, TUBAC, AND OTHER MISSION
SITES IN THE SANTA CRUZ VALLEY, SIX OTHERS CARRIED HIM TO THE GILA BY WAY
OF FIVE DIFFERENT ROUTES.4 HIS MAP OF THIS REGION, PUBLISHED IN 1705, WAS
THE FIRST BASED ON ACTUAL EXPLORATION AND FOR NEARLY A CENTURY‘AND A HALF
SERVED AS THE PRINCIPAL MAP OF THE TERRITORY.5

AFTER KINO'S DEATH IN 1711 THERE IS LITTLE RECORD OF MISSIONARY EX~
PLORATION IN SOUTHERN ARIZONA UNTIL THE COMING OF THE FRANCISCANS. JESUIT
MISSIONARIES MAY HAVE INSPECTED THE PRESIDIOS AND VISITAS IN THE SANTA

J CRUZ VALLEY, AND CONTINUED ON NORTH To CONVERT THE INDIANS IN THE GILA
VALLEY.6

IN 1720, THERE WERE NINE MISSIONS IN THE TERRITORY, WITH POPULATIONS
COMPOSED ALMOST ENTIRELY OF CONVERTS FROM THE PIMA TRIBE AND A FEW SUB—
JUGATED APACHES.7 THE MISSIONS PROSPERED UNTIL 1751 WHEN AN OUTBREAK OC—
CURRED AMONG THE PIMA INDIANS. THE MISSIONS AT BAC AND GUEVAVI WERE
PLUNDERED AND THE JESUITS WERE FORCED TO THE MISSION AT SUAMCA, SOUTH OF
THE PRESENT INTERNATIONAL LINE.8

,E DURING THE REMAINING YEARS OF THE JESUIT PERIOD, 1751-67, THE MIS-

SIONS OF PIMERIA ALTA MAINTAINED A PRECARIOUS EXISTENCE. THE SPANISH
JESUITS IN MANY CASES HAD BEEN REPLACED BY GERMANS. THE MISSION PERIOD
OF SONORA HISTORY WAS PRACTICALLY ENDED.9 DURING THE PERIOD 1764-67
THERE WERE 1,250 NEOPHYTES IN ARIZONA MISSIONARIES, 199 BEING AT TUMA-
CACORI.1O FIVE YEARS LATER IN 1772 THERE WERE ONLY 607 CONVERTS IN THE .
_________~._L____.__w_________L_____________~_____________L______.__

1. BOLTON, 93,.2114, P. 106.

2. IBID., P. 117.

3. IBID., P. 303.

4. FRANK C. LOCKWOOD, "WITH PADRE KINO ON THE TRAIL", UNIVERSITY OF

_ARIEONA_BULLETIN NO. 5, P. 54.

5. BOLTON, OP. CIT., P. 28. .—

6. BANCROFT, OP. CIT., P. 389.

7. ,PATRICK HAMILTON, 3E§33535§_9£_ABIZONA. Po 19-

8. IBID., P. 363. ”

9. BANCROFT, OP. CIT., P. 368.
10. (542:, P. 369.

I

 - 4 -
‘ HISTORICAL SKETCH (FIRST ENTRY, P.63)
MISSIONS LOCATED BETWEEN THE GILA AND THE SOUTHERN BORDER OF ARIZONA.1 IN
1 1772 WITH ONLY 39 INHABITANTS TUMACACORI WAS ALMOST IN RUINS. BEFORE 1791
j A NEW ROOF HAD BEEN PUT ON THE CHURCH, AND IT BECAME A MISSION WHILE GUE-
f VAVI WAS ABANDONED.2
.1 WITH THE EXPULSION OF THE JESUITS IN 1767 ALL MISSION PROPERTY BE-
I LONGING TO THAT ORDER WAS CONFISCATED BY THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT AND ITS
I CARE TEMPORARILY ENTRUSTED To ROYAL COMISARIOS.3 IN MAY 1768, 14 FRAN-
1 CISCAN FRIARS ARRIVED IN TUCSON To TAKE OVER THE OLD JESUIT MISSIONS.4
DEPRIVED OF THE PROTECTION OF THE VICE-REGAL GOVERNMENT THE MISSIONS
I RAPIDLY DECLINED AND WERE FINALLY ABANDONED BY A DECREE OF THE MEXICAN
I GOVERNMENT IN 1828.5
I
§ THE MOST IMPORTANT SPANISH SETTLEMENT IN THE SANTA CRUZ VALLEY WAS
? TUBAC, IN WHAT Is NOW SANTA CRUZ COUNTY. ESTABLISHED AS A PRESIDIO IN
1‘ 1752, TUBAC HAD, INCLUDING SOLDIERS, 411 INHABITANTS DURING 1754 AND 1755.
‘ IT WAS FROM TUBAC THAT CAPTAIN JUAN BAUTISTA DE ANZA, COMMANDER OF THE
j PRESIDIO, IN 1774 LED AN OVERLAND EXPEDITION To CALIFORNIA.6 IN 1776
I THE PRESIDIO WAS'TRANSPERREO TO TUCSON AND TUBAC DECLINED IN IMPORTANCE,
‘1 ITS FIELDS AND HERDS SUFFERING FROM RAIDS OF THE APACHES.7
I
I ' MEXICAN REGIME
A l
I IN 1808, CARRYING ORDERS FROM THE SECRETARY OF WAR IN WASHINGTON,
LIEUTENANT ZEBULON PIKE SET OUT TO EXPLORE THE SOUTHWEST TERRITORY AC—
- QUIRED BY THE UNITED STATES AS PART OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE OF 1803.
‘ HIS BOOK,8 PUBLISHED IN 1810, DID MUCH To STIMULATE AMERICAN EXPLORATION
' IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ACQUAINT THE PEOPLE EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
- WITH THE VAST POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL MARKET IN THE SPANISH PROVINCES. IT
r} WAS NOT, HOWEVER, UNTIL MEXICO OAINED ITS INDEPENDENCE IN 1822 THAT THE
;* TRADE RESTRICTIONS IMPOSEO SY SPAIN WERE RELAXED SUPPICIENTLY TO PERMIT
AMERICAN TRADERS TO ENTER NEW MEXICO. WITH THE REMOVAL OF THIS BARRIER
'= THE TRAFFIC OF AMERICANS TO THE SOUTHWEST INCREASED AND LEO TO THE DE-
; VELOPMENT OF ROADS TO THE SOUTHWEST AND TO THE GRADUAL ACQUISITION OF THE
VAST TERRITORY WEST OF THE RIO GRANDE NOT INCLUDED IN THE LOUISIANA PUR-
CHASE.9
___________~_._______.L___L_.___._._L___E_E____~_.,__.w______________
1. BANCROPT, OP, CIT., P. 377.
; 3 2. THE PAPAGO COUNTRY, P, 372.
I { 3. BANCROFT, OP. CIT., P. 375. .
* 4. HAMILTON, 92;.2L14, P. 19.
* . 5. IBID., PP. 19, 20. '
S 6. PEDRO FONT, FONT'S COMPLETE DIARY, ED. HERBERT E. BOLTON, P. 26.
9 7. THE PAPAGO COUNTRY, PP. 371, 372.
g 8. LT. ZEBULON, PIKE, EXPLORATORY TRAVELS THROUGH THE WESTERN TERRI-
% ’ TORIES. '
j 9. BANCROFT, OP. CIT., P. 397 FF.
1?} '
:I i
a I ‘

 _ 5 -
HISTORICAL SKETCH (FIRST ENTRY. P-63)
BEGINNING WITH THE EXPEOTTIDNS OF PIKE, NUMEROUS UNITED STATES ARMY
RECONNAISSANCE EXPEDITTONS WERE DISPATCHED To THE SOUTHWEST AND To THE N,
PACIFIC COAST. FOLLOWING GENERAL KEARNEY To CALIFORNIA DURING THE MEXI—
CAN WAR, THE MDRMON BATTALTDN OPENED THE FIRST WAGON ROAD ACROSS ARIZONA.
IN DECEMBER 1846, LIEUTENANT COLONEL COOKE WITH THE MORMON BATTALION TOOK
TUCSON, THEN A CONCENTRATION OF THE GARRTSONS OF TUBAC, SANTA CRUZ, AND
FRONTRERAS.1
BY THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO ENDING THE WAR WITH
MEXICO IN 1848, THE AREA NORTH OF THE GILA RIVER WAS CEDED To THE UNITED
STATES.2 SOUTH OF THE GILA, THE PRESIDIOS OF TUCSON AND TUBAC WERE THE
ONLY SETTLEMENTS IN PTMERIA ALTA.3 TUBAC, DEPOPULATED BY THE TROUBLES
INCIDENT To THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION, WAS RESETTLED BY FRIENDLY APACHES.
CALABASAS, A RANCH NEAR A GOLD MINE TN 1828,4 BECAME A MEXICAN MILITARY
POST AND IN 1856 WAS OCCUPIED BY A SQUADRON OF THE FIRST DRAGOONS UNDER
MAJOR STEEN.5
AMERICAN OCCUPATION
WITH FUNDS APPROPRIATED BY CONGRESS ON JUNE 29, 1854, THE UNITED
STATES ACQUIRED ALL THE LAND NOW IN ARIZONA SOUTH OF THE GILA RIVER
THROUGH THE GADSDEN PURCHASE, APPROVED BY PRESIDENT PIERCE ON THE FOL-
LOWING DAY.6 ON AUGUST 4, 1854, CONGRESS ATTACHED THE NEWLY ACQUIRED
AREA TO NEW MEXICO,7 THE LEGISLATURE OF WHICH MADE IT A PART OF DONA ANA
COUNTY.8 DURING 1854 THE DEPARTMENT OF WAR SENT OUT SEVERAL EXPEDITTONS
To EXPLORE AND SURVEY THE NEWLY ACQUIRED TERRITORY. EMTGRATION To THE
GOLD FIELDS OF CALIFORNIA WAS CHIEFLY OVER ROUTES SURVEYED BY THE WAR
DEPARTMENT TRAVERSTNG THE SOUTHERN PART OF PRESENT ARTZONA.9
IN 1855 THE SONORA EXPLORING AND MINING COMPANY OPENED A TRADING
POST IN THE OLD MEXICAN BARRACKS IN TUBAC.1o FROM 1858 To 1860 THE TOWN _
WAS RESTORED AND HAD A MIXED POPULATION OF AMERICANS, MEXICANS, AND '
ABOUT ONE HUNDRED PAPAGO INDIANS.11 IT WAS AT TUBAC THAT THE TERRITORY'S
FIRST NEWSPAPER, “WEEKLY ARIZONIAN," BEGAN PUBLICATION TN 1859.12
1. P. ST. GEORGE COOKE, CONQUEST OF NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA, PP. 150-
152.
2. 9 U. S. STAT. 929, 930.
3. HAMILTON, OP. CIT., P. 20.
4. BANCROFT, OP. ng., P. 385-
5- 'JAMES H. MCCLINTOCK, AfliggyA, THE YOUNGEST STATE, P. 589.
- 6. 10 U. S. STAT. 301, 1031-1037.
7. 10 u. s. STAT. 575. ' ‘
8. COMPILED LAWS OF NEW MEXICO, 1865, SEC. 14, P. 274.
9. BANCROFT, OP. CIT., P. 483. '
10. SYLVESTER MOWRY, ARIZONA AND SONORA (NEW YORK 1865), P, 26.
11. THE PAPAGO COUNTRY, PP. 371, 372.
. - 12. DOUGLAS 0. MCMURTRIE, THE BEGINNONGS OF PRINTING TN ARIZONA, 1860-
1875, P. 9. -

 - 6 —
‘ HISTORICAL SKETCH . (FIRST ENTRY, P.63)
Q IN AUGUST 1856, AN EXPEDITION UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF CHARLES D.
3 POSTON ENTERED THE TERRITORY FROM SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF
: WORKING THE RICH SILVER MINES IN THE SANTA RITA AND ARIVACA DISTRICTS.
ABOUT THE SAME TIME THE GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED Two MILITARY POSTS IN THE
TERRITORY, ONE AT THE HEAD OF THE SONOITA, CALLED FORT BUCHANAN AND THE
I OTHER ON THE LOWER SAN