xt7ksn01177x https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7ksn01177x/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1963 journals 135 English Lexington : Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Kentucky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.135 text Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.135 1963 2014 true xt7ksn01177x section xt7ksn01177x "   .
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    Y; HYBRID CORN
;_     PERFORMANCE
     {`*¥·‘#é#;—} TEST- 1963  
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j UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
` Jornuory I964 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
. Y LEXINGTON

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TESTING LOCATIONS OF ,!
THE KENTUCKY HYBRID CORN PERFORMANCE TEST -
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Area Location Cooperator A ,
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Western l. Wickliffe James Wilson
2. Owensboro Beverly Gregory
3. Hopkinsville Graham Duncan ~
Eastern Q. Lexington Ky. Agr. Exp. Sta.
5. Quicksand Robinson Agr. Exp.
Substation, James
E. Dalton
Acknowledgment is made to the University of Kentucky
Computing Center for assistance in summarizing the
results reported in this progress report. c
I

 ‘ RESULTS OF THE KENTUCKY HYBRID CORN
* PERFORMANCE TEST IN 1963
4 F. A. Loeffel and D. E. Thorndale
·4‘i··
- The objective of the Kentucky Hybrid Corn
Performance Test is to provide an unbiased estimate
M of the relative performance of corn hybrids being
I sold in Kentucky. This information may then be
A used by farmers, seedsmen, and research and exten-
4 sion personnel in determining which hybrid most
nearly possesses the characteristics which are
desired or required for a specific situation. The
- need for the University of Kentucky Agricultural
; Experiment Station to obtain this information is
indicated by the continuing shift to hybrids by
H5 Kentucky farmers. In recent years, much more seed
W of single cross hybrids is being planted in Kentucky.
This is a part of a continuing search by corn pro-
I ducers in the state to improve their efficiency of
; production.
I Kentucky established a new production record
y for the third consecutive year. This year a record
66 bushels per acre was produced. This exceeds the
previous record yields of 58 bushels per acre
·. established in l962 and 55 bushels per acre estab-
lished in 196l. Kentucky ranked 7 among the
I principal corn producing states in average yield
. per acre in 1963. The yield of corn has more
than doubled since l942 as the first 3O bushel
corn crop was produced in Kentucky in 1942. This
· progress toward efficient production is encouraging
but much remains to be done.
»
; The estimated corn production for Kentucky in
1963 is 7Q.Q million bushels. This is an increase
W (3)
+

 - I
•
of 9.7 million bushels, or 15 percent, over the 1962 f` V
production. The 1963 production is 10.2 percent a
above the 1957-1961 production level although pro- `
duced on 21.9 percent smaller acreage. A marked ·
increase supply of corn for livestock feeding would 8
be available in Kentucky if the acreage devoted to
corn would return to the 1950-1955 level. The total 5
production of corn has remained quite stable in 1
Kentucky in recent years. This has resulted by a
counterbalancing of increased per acre yield with
reduced acreage. _
The record breaking corn crop was produced in Q
a crop season that can be described as unusual. I _
Extremely dry weather during April and May permitted
earlier planting than normal. However, cool nights
and light frosts in late May slowed vegetative growth
and hurt stands in some fields. Frequent rains dur-
ing the last week in May and the first week in June °
replenished soil moisture supplies in most areas. n.
The crop made rapid growth during June and July when
favorable weather conditions existed. A drouth (
started in western Kentucky in mid-August and spread _
eastward until it covered the entire state by late
September. However, the damage to the corn crop was *
light as most of the corn crop was made by this time. * 1
An unusually dry September and October permitted
farmers to harvest corn at the fastest pace on *
record.
Corn planting was about 15 percent completed
by April 23. On this date 96 percent of the Crop- ,
Weather Reporters indicated a shortage of soil
moisture. Spraying and cultivation of early corn 1
kept farmers busy the week ending May 27. By this
date 85 percent of the corn acreage had been planted.
Much corn could be considered made with existing A
moisture on July 29 with 20 percent of the crop in 42
dough or dent stage. Over 50 percent of the crop I
was in the milk stage or more advanced stages of ’
I
(4)
i

 lc development. The first harvesting operation for
e grain was reported in Fulton County on August 16.
{ Over 88 percent of the crop was dented or mature
on September 7. The crop ripened normally at a
·~ moderate rate due to frequent showers. Nearly 40
4_ percent of the corn crop was harvested by October 14
° and 83 percent by November 4.
·’»»
_ The average yield for all hybrids grown at 5
locations in 1963 was 124.5 bushels. The highest
y test average was 149.8 bushels at Lexington. The
b lowest test average was 108.9 bushels for the
A Owensboro test.
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
The performance test was conducted at five
locations which represent corn—producing areas
° typical of the state. These locations together
i with the name of the cooperator are listed on the
inside of the front cover. These testing sites
8 were grouped bygeographical location into a
western and eastern area for convenience in present-
ing the results. Yields from Wickliffe, Owensboro,
T and Hopkinsville were averaged for the western area.
; Similarly the yields from Lexington and Quicksand
were averaged for the eastern Kentucky area.
Sixty-four hybrids which are available to the
farmers of Kentucky through commercial trade channels
T were compared. These hybrids, developed by state and
federal research agencies and by private seed companies,
are listed in Table 1. Information concerning the
( seed source of the hybrid, the kernel color and the
type of cross are presented. The type of hybrid is
_ designated as follows: double cross, 4X; three-way
* crosses, 3X; and a single cross as ZX. Seed of a
. single cross hybrid sells at apremium due to increased
costs of producing seed. The following material was
I evaluated in 1963, 53 double crosses, l three-way
_ cross and l0 single crosses.
' (5)
i

 s ’ '
The pedigrees of hybrids developed by state y
and federal agencies are listed in Table 2. Agronomic
information pertaining to the testing locations is :
presented in Table 3. Results of the Kentucky
Hybrid Corn Performance Test are summarized for
periods of 3 years, 2 years and l year and are 4
presented in Tables h—6 respectively. The hybrids 9
are grouped in the tables on the basis of kernel
color. Within groups the hybrids are listed in 1·
order of increasing moisture content. The reactions
of the hybrids to Northern and Southern leaf blight
are summarized in Table 7. The hybrids in Table 7 *
are listed in alphabetical order. _ *
Field Design. i
Each hybrid was planted in Q plots at each of .
the 5 locations with individual plots being 2 hills ‘
wide and the equivalent of 5 hills long. Corn was .
hand planted simulating hill dropping. These plots _
were located in different parts of the testing field
to minimize cultural and soil differences. All ‘
tests were planted at an increased rate and the _ —
resulting plants thinned to comparable stands at i A
each location.
1
Yield.
The corn from each plot was harvested and *
weighed individually. The yield of the hybrids J
was determined and is reported on the basis of
bushels of shelled corn per acre with a moisture
content of l5.5 percent. Adjustments were made `
for missing hills but not for other variation in
stand. Therefore, the yields at each location
reported in this progress report constitute an
average yield of the 4 plots after all adjustments ‘
were made.
6
Moisture.
The moisture content at harvest is the best {
measure of relative maturity of hybrids which is ,·
available. A hybrid may be considered to be ear-
lier than a second hybrid if its moisture content l
(6)
1

 .; at harvest is consistently lower. Maturity thus
determined is not absolute but is relative to the
f hybrids being compared.
Two moisture samples were taken at each location
‘ for each hybrid by taking a composite sample from
,; replication l and 2, and from replication 3 and Q.
. The moisture content in the grain was determined at
'T harvest by removing 2 rows of kernels from each of
- lO ears selected at random from each of two repli-
cations. The grain from the 2O ears was thoroughly
" mixed and the moisture content of a lOO—gram sample
h was determined with a Steinlite moisture meter.
T Erect Plants.
The percent erect plants is considered to be
an estimate of the resistance of a hybrid to the
a total insect and disease complex affecting standing
g ability. This value is obtained by counting plants
with stalks broken between the ear—bearing node and
B ground level and those which lean from the base at
B an angle of more than 30 degrees from the vertical.
This sum is subtracted from the plants present and
' the difference divided by the total plants present
{ to give the percent erect plants.
; Ear Height.
a Ear height, distance from the base of the
plant to the point of attachment of the upper ear,
was measured visually using a scale with one-foot
; intervals. Visual ratings were taken on four plots
of each hybrid at each location.
P
. Disease
‘ Visual ratings of hybrid reaction to Northern
and Southern corn leaf blight disease were taken on
; an artifically inoculated planting of the hybrids
at Lexington. Each hybrid was planted in a l x 5
B hill plot replicated three times. A five class
Q rating scale was used: excellent, very good, good,
fair and poor.
y (7)
¢

 s· 4
INTERPRETATION ’
The performance of hybrids varies with weather `
conditions which change from season to season and
from testing location to testing location in the
same season. Since the weather conditions cannot
be predicted at the time of planting, a farmer ’
should plant a hybrid which has a good performance 1.
in an "average“ season. The best estimate of hybrid
performance for an "average" season is obtained by
combining the results obtained from a large number x
of experiments grown in different years at a number
of locations. ’
n
The information presented in Table 4 is the
average of 15 individual experiments conducted in
l96l, 1962 and 1963. In Table 5 are summarized the c
results obtained from lO experiments in 1962 and
1963. Table 6 contains information obtained from '
‘ five experiments in 1963 at different locations in ,
the state. For this reason, the information con-
tained in Table 4 is the best estimate available " -
for comparing the performance of corn hybrids for `
average growing conditions in Kentucky.
1
MAKE YOUR CHOICE BASED ON YOUR OWN NEEDS ,
Improvements in corn hybrids are constantly ’ .
being made. An efficient corn producer will want °
to keep informed on these improvements and to
determine if they will produce well on his farm. ’
For this reason, it is suggested that new hybrids ,
be grown frequently on a trial basis in comparison
with the hybrid or hybrids presently grown. If
this suggestion is followed, a commonly made error ‘
can be avoided. Frequently a farmer changes his
entire corn acreage to a different hybrid and then I
compares the performance of the new hybrid with the ,
old hybrid. This is not a valid comparison since
the hybrids were not grown under similar conditions. ’
(8)
1

 as
4 Hybrids being compared should be grown in the same ‘
“# field, using identical management practices. A
good way to do this is to plant seed of the new
hybrid beside currently used hybrids in a field
F being sure to mark them at planting time. It is
3 important to observe the hybrids frequently during
the growing season. At harvest, yield should be
·~ determined and other observational notes recorded.
. Consult your county agent for procedure. If this
suggestion is followed, a corn grower will be able
`¢ to select hybrids which more nearly fit his pro-
K duction practices and personal preferences.
· Strip tests can also be used by individual
farmers to determine the value of other factors
contributing to production efficiency, such as
' fertilizer and number of plants per acre. It is
é important for a farmer to have an unfertilized check
strip and a strip receiving twice the quantity of
‘ fertilizer that the remainder of the field received.
.6 This enables him to determine if his investment in
fertilizer was profitable and whether he used too
‘ little or too much fertilizer. The number of corn
g plants per acre in Kentucky is generally too low
for top production. It would be well worth the
‘ time and effort to change the setting on the drill
2 and compare yields at different rates of planting.
It should be kept in mind, however, that plant
population and fertility level must be kept in
Q balance for efficient production. Consideration
should also be given to the use of chemical weed
‘ killers, soil insecticides andsome method of minimum
g tillage for preparation of land.
1 DO YOUR PART TO CONTRIBUTE TOWARD
A 70-BUSHEL AVERAGE CORN YIELD IN
‘ KENTUCKY IN 1964
A (9)

 9* A
Table l. Hybrids tested in 1963. ’
Hybrid Color Cross Source of Hybrids .
+#`
AES 809 Y AX Agricultural Experiment
Station (North Central) ’
Crib Filler 66 Y ZX Mitchell Farms G
78 Y 3X Windfall, Indiana
ll6 Y AX
lZ3 Y AX A.
l3A Y AX
l83W W AX S
Dekalb 62A Y AX Dekalb Agricultural *
6AO Y AX Association, Dekalb,
805 Y 2X Illinois
82A Y AX l
925A W AX
l003 Y AX ••
lO0A Y AX
lO06 Y AX
Dixie's 99Y Y AX Dixie Stock Farm ’ ‘
Sonora, Kentucky ‘
Hagan H-2 W AX R. M.·Hagan, Route A `
H-9 Y AX Owensboro, Kentucky
1
Hilligoss 8AM Y AX Hilligoss Corp., Route l
McCordsville, Indiana 1
Kamp 9lOB W AX Kamp's Farm Seed, Route 2,
9l3BRK W ax Evansville, Indiana i
Ken-Bred E-20Y Y AX George Patmor, Marion; ,
E-20YA Y AX Clyde Jackson, Danville;
M—20W W AX Louisville Seed Co., Louisville,<
Ky. - Distributors
Ky 105 Y AX University of Kentucky
2OA W AX Agricultural Experiment ,
590lW W AX Station, Lexington a
592lW W AX
600l Y AX ,
60l3W W AX
Meacham M—5 W AX Meacham's Hybrids
M-33YB Y AX Route 3, Morganfield, Ky.
1
(10)

 ¤¤ Table 1. Continued.
 
_ Hybrid Color Cross Source of Hybrids
O
{ MCN8iY 30AA Y AX McNair Seed Co., Box 706
3 Laurinburg, N. C.
g P.A.G. SXI9 Y ZX Pfister Associated Growers,
SX29 Y ZX Inc., Aurora, Illinois
O SX59 Y 2X and Huntsville, Alabama
T SX63 Y ZX
9 Pioneer 310 Y AX Pioneer Corn Company, Inc.
A 309A Y AX Tipton, Indiana
1 509 W AX
V 330A Y 2X
Princeton 8-A Y AX Princeton Farms
l 8AO-A Y AX Princeton, Indiana
{ 890-AA Y AX
* 990 W AX
1 990-A W ax
3; Schenk S-73 Y AX Charles H. Schenk
S·96W W AX and Son, Inc., Route A
· S-99AW W AX Vincennes, Indiana
g Southern States Southern States Coop.,
_ 909E Y AX Inc., Division of Seed
' Catawba Y AX and Farm Supply, Richmond
A Matoaka Y AX 20, Virginia
i Munsee Y AX
Pocahontas Y AX
G Stull lO0YB Y AX Stull Brothers, Inc.
lOlYA Y AX Sebree, Kentucky
3 107Y Y 2X
lO8Y Y AX _
‘* :.00w w ax
AAAW W ZX
50OW W AX
G 807Y Y ZX
; US l3 Y AX Experiment Station
US 523W W AX (U.S.D.A.)
D
w
, (11)

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3 .
Table 2. Pedigtees 0f Experiment Station and ,
U.S. hybrids tested in 1963
f*
 
9
Hybrid Pedigree vn}
 
AES 809 (WF9 X P8)(0h 43 X Ct03) 1
za.
Ky 105 (T8 x CI21E)(38-11 x Oh 7B)
2*
Ky 204 (K64 x 33-].6)(K'55 x Ky 201) T
Ky 5901W (Ky 211 tms x 33-16)(K55 x CI64) 1
Ky 5921W (CI64 x 33-l6)(CI66 x Ky 201) K
Ky 6001 (WF9 x Ky 36—}.l)(C103 x B14) q .
Ky 6013W (K55 x CI64) (Ky 216 x Ky 217) ‘\
US 13 (WF9 x 38-1l)(Hy x L317) "
US 523W (K55 x K64)(Ky 27 x Ky 49) l  
1
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