xt7mpg1hk05h https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7mpg1hk05h/data/mets.xml The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc. 1986 bulletins  English The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Frontier Nursing Service Quarterly Bulletins Frontier Nursing Service Quarterly Bulletin, Vol. 61, No. 3, Winter 1986 text Frontier Nursing Service Quarterly Bulletin, Vol. 61, No. 3, Winter 1986 1986 2014 true xt7mpg1hk05h section xt7mpg1hk05h  
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 Us ISSN 0016-2116   ·  
l `
To Kate Ireland — in Loving Celebration of her First 35 Years at FNS l
by judy Lewis 1 l
ACNM Salutes Kate Ireland 6  
Ninety—Seventh Class Enters Frontier School 7 l p
Can You Help Us Locate These Former Couriers? 9 I
FNS Team and Leslie County Citizens Save 7-Year-Old Girl From
Drowning in Wrecked Car 10
The NEED Campaign Comes to a Successful Conclusion M
by judy Lewis 13
Christmas at Wendover — 1985 Version
by Lucille ("Thumper") Knechtly `l5 4
Do You Know These Nurses? 18
A Iournalist’s Holiday — Volunteer David Greenawalt Writes
on FNS Subjects 19
Gerri Campbell Remembers Mary Breckinridge and FNS
in the Pre-War Years 'I9
Former Courier Brings Seaborne Health Care
to Pacific Islanders 21
Pew Trust Grant Provides Support for Nurse-Midwifery Education 22
Nursing: Back to Health
by Colman McCarthy (reprinted from the Washington Post) 23
Beyond the Mountains
by judy Lewis 25
Notes from the School
by Ruth Beeman 27 `
Field Notes 29  
News of Former Staff 30 I
Courier News 32 J
Alumni News 33  
In Memoriam 35 4
Memorial Gifts 36 I
Urgent Needs Back Cover I
Cover: Kate Ireland as an FNS Courier. Photo by Earl Palmer. ‘
Comments and questions regarding the editorial content of the FNS Quarterly Bulletin ,
may be addressed to its Managing Editor, Robert Beeman, at the Frontier Nursing Service, ,,
Hyden, Kentucky 41749. I
FRONTIIZR NURSING SERVICE QUARTERLY BUl,I,l£'l`IN  
Us ISSN 0()16·211(i 1
Published at the end of each quarter by the l·`rontie1· Nursing Service, lnc.
Wendover, Kentucky IH775 .
Subscription Price $5.00 a Year
Editor`s Office, Wendover, Kentucky 41775
voI,UME 61 NUMBER :1 WINTER 1986
Second·class postage paid at Wendover, Ky. 41775 and nt additional mailing offices
l’()S'1`MAS'l`l·)R: Send address changes to Frontier Nursing Service, Wendover, Ky. 41775
Copyright 1986, Frontier Nursing Service, Inc.

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`l QUARTERLY BULLETIN i
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The Kate Ireland we know today, at her desk in her Wendover home.
  -
  TO KATEIRELAND — IN LOVING CELEBRATION
{ OF HER FIRST 35 YEARS AT FNS
: `V by Judy Lewis
1 Thirty-five years ago this month, an alert, quick-witted, and lively
f 4 Clevelander made her first trip to Leslie County.
l l Miss Kate Ireland could hardly resist the challenge of the Frontier
I Nursing Service, with its combination of rugged outdoor living and
I southern hospitality. The union of Kate Ireland and FNS was a natural
` and has been a winning combination from the time when Kate "mucked
; out" her first stall as a courier until she celebrated her tenth anniversary
last year as national chairman of the FNS Board of Governors.
l No single individual has contributed more to this worthy cause —
g working for 35 years as a volunteer in tireless dedication to this service.
{ To commemorate this loyalty, the staff of the Frontier Nursing Service
, would like to dedicate this issue of the Quarterly Bulletin as a surprise gift
l to Miss Ireland in honor of her first 35 years.
I
L
l A

 .. ,.__ >
2 FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE   Q _
Kate Ireland’s application for a courier post, dated July 13, 1950, F
has yellowed a little with age. Her enthusiasm for FNS was evident f
even before she arrived here in Hyden — she said in her application   _ p
that she had ridden horseback "all her life," and she said she had I _ i
"considerable experience" in caring for horses. . —
It seemed as though Kate was destined to work with FNS. Her    
aunt, Pansy Poe (Mrs. Parker), was on Mary Breckinridge’s  
founding committee, and Kate’s parents, Mr. and Mrs. R.L. Ireland, I
were on the Cleveland City Committee. Her sister Louise ("Lulu") E
Ireland (now Mrs. Gilbert Humphrey) was a courier in 1935. i‘
Being a courier agreed with Kate. She often jokes about
"mucking out the stalls" at Wendover and returning from {ire ‘
fighting duties promptly at 4 p.m. to serve Mrs. Breckinridge her i
tea.
Life at Wendover was fun, hard work, and challenging, and
Kate returned to courier service each summer between 1951 and
1954 and worked part time between 1959 and 1960. During the
periods when she returned home to Cleveland, Kate was busy
recruiting new couriers for FNS. ,
Kate Ireland, Mrs. L.F. Cundle, and Anne Cundle astride their horses, Marvin, Doc, and
Sweet. The scene is the Middle Fork of the Kentucky River, near Wendover, in 1963.
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I A Kate and Miss Agnes Lewis corresponded frequently during  
ll Kate’s absences from FNS, and hardly a letter was sent by Kate  
unless she recommended a new recruit for the courier program. ,
In 1955, Kate accepted a two-year post as president of Cleveland’s  
. Junior League. In a letter to Miss Agnes, Kate seemed remorseful
. that she would not be able to return to Kentucky for a while. "It is an
eight hour a day, five day a week job, but it will be very educational
to learn all about Cleveland’s welfare work," Kate wrote.
For two years, Kate worked feverishly for the Cleveland Junior
League, but she never stopped taking time to correspond with her
. friends at FNS. Visits to Leslie County were planned but often
canceled as Kate tirelessly fulfilled her Junior League duties.
' When two years had passed, Kate relinquished her presidency
with a sense of satisfaction. "There are so many things I wish to
V accomplish before I finish the job —— it is fascinating because one
can do an adequate job with some effort and time, but there is so
much room for improvement," she wrote Miss Agnes.
By October 1960, Kate was expanding her role as a volunteer for
FNS. She sponsored some soil conservation work — she donated a
é pasture and fence for the Wolf Creek clinic, and later donated
[· fencing and clearing work at Wendover and Beech Fork. Finally,
· she donated funds for clearing the pasture at Brutus of rock.
6 During the 1960’s, Kate was in charge of twenty couriers and
. ` volunteers at FNS, while supervising the care of eight horses and 22
 l jeeps. Later, the last two of the FNS horses, Trigger and Ace, were
  pensioned off to her plantation home in Florida, where they were
  able to live out their remaining years in comfort.
. At the same time, she served as chairman of Cleveland’s White
J Elephant Sale from 1960 until 1967. The sale, sponsored for the
 , benefit of the Garden Center of Cleveland, raised $94,000 in 1965
  and involved 2,400 volunteers. And if that wasn’t enough to fill her
l

 4 FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE
spare time, Kate was also Great Lakes National Council Chairman _
of the Metropolitan Opera. 4
In 1963, Kate was named to the FNS Board of Governors. In i
1967, she was named chairman of the Development Committee, a
position she held until 1975. In 1968, Kate was named vice- ,
chairman of the Board of Governors, serving in that capacity until
she was named national chairman in 1975. in
Kate’s involvement with Kentucky didn’t stop with FNS. She is
a member of the board of the Leslie County Cooperative Extension |iY
Service. She was chairman ofthe board ofthe Kentucky River Area v‘
Development District in 1977 (the only woman ever elected to this
position) and served on the board of KRADD until 1981. She has I
served on the board of Berea College since 1971 and has been vice
chairman of that board since 1982. She served on the board of the
Upper Kentucky River Regional Mental Health/ Mental Retarda-
tion Comprehensive Care Center from 1975 until 1979. She served
as a director of Hyden Citizens Bank from 1974 until December
1985, and has been a member of the board of trustees of the '
Appalachian Regional Hospitals since 1981. She is also treasurer of .
the Leslie/ Perry County Humane Society. Most recently, Kate was .
V appointed to a three-year term on the Cincinnati Branch of the
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. V
Kate has always worked for the betterment of Leslie County. For
example, she was instrumental in the construction ofthe Appalachia
Motel in Hyden, which has become a central meeting place for local
business people.
Kate’s latest accomplishment was the successful completion of a
three-year campaign to ensure the financial future of FNS, Frontier i
School of Midwifery and Family Nursing. She set a goal of $2.5
million. Not only was this goal reached, but it was surpassed, then l
crowned by Kate and Mrs. Jefferson Patterson. These two women l ~
donated the nation’s first midwifery chair, named in honor of Mary F}
Breckinridge.  
These accomplishments have helped ensure the survival of the  
Frontier Nursing Service, but Kate’s contributions have gone  ,
beyond FNS. Hailing from a wealthy and socially prominent { 
family in Cleveland, Kate could have simply donated funds to help  
FNS. Instead, she works tirelessly, nudging friends to help FNS,  `

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      “i1s%°~ er: i.  . A   "      ·‘”
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` · {   j »  $22;
Like all the rest of us, Santa has A ii [ ` if  
good words for Kate Ireland. We ’ , · i j.
~ suspect he may be expressing his { I _    
I pleasure that no matter how busy ’ ‘   ,  " ?—:`
f'l · ._  - /g»" '.
r Kate may be, she always has time 1  
for a friendly visit- as at this FNS is __
_ Christmas party. A I ; y  g,,i _.   ·
thanking former couriers for donations, and generously giving of
her time. Kate Ireland is a woman who is comfortable with board
members of the Metropolitan Opera and also beloved by the people
of southeastern Kentucky. She likes to be at the helm and thoroughly
I enjoys spending her weekend lining up floats for the Mary Breckin-
ridge Day Parade or handing out ribbons for the Humane Society’s
Dog Show.
i When she talks about FNS, she is likely to tell the hilarious story
of Edna, the Duchess of Wendover — a 725-pound Duroc sow who
almost unloaded herself on Main Street in Lexington while Kate
was taking her to market.
Kate could boast about her successful endowment campaign,
but she will not. She could delegate the hundreds of details that she
E attends to herself, but she does not. She could flaunt the power and
position she was born to, but instead has chosen to earn the respect
~ of her peers with her hard work and determination.
ls For all the times when we have forgotten to say so, thank you,
  Kate, for your time, your energy, and your enthusiasm. We couldn’t
  do it without you.
 Q Postscript: As the Quarterly Bulletin went to press, we learned that the visiting
 \ Nurse Association of Cleveland planned to honor Kate Ireland as National Health
I  Professional of the Year at ceremonies on April 17.

 6 FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE
ACNM SALUTES KATE IRELAND
The board of directors of the American College of Nurse-Midwives
"wholeheartedly" approved this tribute to Kate Ireland at its February
meeting:
Thirty-five years ago, as a young woman you came to the Frontier Nursing
Service as a "junior courier." Your major responsibility was to care for the L
horses that carried the Frontier Nurses into the mountains and through the T 
river beds. Although you came from a privileged family, you plunged {"
unhesitatingly into all the chores, pleasant and otherwise, that were a vital .
part of keeping the FNS operation going. As a volunteer at the MacDonald z n
House in Cleveland, you had already developed a deep interest in natural if
childbirth. At FNS, observing first—hand the work of nurse—midwives in —
promoting the peacefulness and beauty of natural birth, you found yourself
caught up in a lifelong dedication to the care of mothers and babies and the
practice of nurse-midwifery.
Today, Kate Ireland, you are widely known for your generous and
tireless work on behalf of the Frontier Nursing Service and many other i
organizations that labor for humanitarian causes. After twelve years of
assisting FNS in various capacities, you were named to its Board of ¢
Directors and you have gone on to become its national chairman.
You, Kate Ireland, have been a major force in establishing the I
"presence" of nurse-midwifery in the modern world. You have raised funds Q
for its support, and given generously of your own. You have worked for _
legislation on behalf of nurse·midwifery. You have lectured, and written I
letters, and worked actively on committees, and called personally on  
legislators. In countless ways, and with unfailing energy and concern, you ,
have devoted your life to promoting the cause of nurse-midwifery. A year _
and a half ago, you joined Mrs. Jefferson Patterson, of Washington, in
establishing the nation’s first endowed chair of nurse—midwifery, the Mary
Breckinridge Chair at the Frontier School of Midwifery and Family  
Nursing. You assumed the major responsibility for raising funds for the  ,g
Nursing Education Endowment Drive (NEED) that will ensure the future  I,
of the Frontier School and its educational program. `
And, Kate Ireland, we know you are probably the last person who would I
want any of us to celebrate the fact that you have given thirty—five years to  I ,
the cause of mothers and babies. But for those of us who have known and  ·,
marveled at your dedication and heroic work, your thirty—fifth anniversary  
with the Frontier Nursing Service is an occasion to remind ourselves how  
important you have been to the cause of nurse-midwifery ·— and to tell you »
how much we love and appreciate you. S
The American College of Nurse-Midwives and its total membership I
wish to recognize you, Kate Ireland, on this thirty-fifth anniversary of your  i
association with the Frontier Nursing Service and we are honored and [ 
moved by the opportunity to do so. Y 

 QUARTERLY BULLETIN 7
I NINETY-SEVENTH CLASS ENTERS FRONTIER SCHOOL
As it does every January, the Frontier School of Midwifery and
Family Nursing has again welcomed a group of experienced
nurses to its integrated family nursing and nurse-midwifery pro-
{ gram. The new class consists of nine registered nurses who, in
 A addition to their substantial educational accomplishments, have
I.- worked an average of more than eight years in professional
Q nursing. As usual, some ofthe class members have served overseas.
· This is the second year in which the school has required
li} applicants to have a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing. This
requirement was established to enable graduates to sit for the
American Nurses’ Association’s certification examination for nurse
· practitioners, for which the BSN has been a prerequisite since June
1985.
The FSMFN curriculum prepares graduate nurses for further
certification as nurse practitioners or family nurse—midwives, or
both. The first six months of the program are common to both
courses of study. Starting with the third four—month trimester,
nurses begin the more specialized clinical and class work of their
chosen field. From that point on, the nurse practitioner program
requires an additional four months, the nurse—midwifery curri-
culum an additional eight months. Over the years, the great
majority of students have elected to take the full sixteen-month
program leading to certification as nurse-midwives. Nurses electing
the nurse practitioner curriculum will graduate at the end of this
year, while the nurse-midwifery candidates will graduate at the end
of April 1987.
  The Frontier School announced last year the establishment of
  an affiliation with the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing at
i Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. This affiliation
now makes it possible for students at the Frontier School to receive
v _, academic credit toward advanced degrees at Case Western Reserve.
_ Q It also makes available to CWRU nursing students the clinical and
 9. educational facilities of the Frontier School. This is the first full
  academic year in which this affiliation has been in effect.
if The new class members are:
 · Betsy Browning, Colrain, Massachusetts; BSN, University of Massachusetts,
  Amherst, Massachusetts (1974).
 X Janet Carroll, Gunnison, Colorado; BSN, University of Colorado, Boulder,
 i Colorado (1958).
A 

 8 FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE l
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The Frontier SchooI’s 97th class, with its instructors  
Nancy Fishwicl<*  Z
Sr. Nathalie EIder* Wendy Wagers* {
Esther Cassel Sr. Kathryn O’Meara* `
Cynthia Hodgson Regina Martin {
Linda Tarbell Betsy Browning  »
janet Carroll  
Heidi Klammer ,
Darlene Ledwon Dorothy Lee ;
*Facu/ty .
 i

 QUARTERLY BULLETIN 9
Esther Cassel, Souderton, Pennsylvania; BSN, Eastern Mennonite College,
Harrison, Virginia (1977). Worked two years at Hospital Albert Schweitzer, Port-au-
Prince, Haiti.
Cynthia Hodgson, East Cleveland, Ohio; BSN, Kent State University, Kent,
Ohio (1980).
  Heidi Klammer, LaGrange, Oregon; BSN, University of Oregon, Portland,
Oregon (1976).
" Darlene Ledwon, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Al)N, St. Clair Community College,
`, Port Huron, Michigan (1976); BSN, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
‘ (1980).
.9 Dorothy Lee, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; BSN, Duquesne University, Pitts·
burgh, Pennsylvania (1979).
l Regina Martin, Ithaca, New York; BSN, University of New York, Binghamton,
New York (1979).
Linda Tarbell, San Bernardino, California; BSN, Biola University, LaMirada,
California (1982). Worked two months at Emkhuzweni Clinic, Swaziland, Southern
» Africa.
4 CAN YOU HELP US LOCATE THESE FORMER COURIERS?
We are fond of our couriers and don’t like to lose track of them. But
1 sometimes we do, in spite of our best efforts. If anyone can tell us the
· whereabouts of the following former couriers, we would appreciate your
letting us know — please write the Development Office, Frontier Nursing
Service, Wendover, Kentucky 41775.
, To help you in identifying these couriers, we list the year when they were
with us at FNS, together with the last city or town of residence given in our
Y records.
j Miss Barbara Morrison, ’69, Brookline, Massachusetts.
i `t Miss Margaret Sherman Todd, ’68, Charlottesville, Virginia.
  Mrs. Elizabeth P. Warner (Miss Elizabeth Parsons), 30’s, New York,
` New York.
V if Miss Gillian D. Gordon, ’69, Old Westbury, New York.
ii Mrs. Edward A. Hutto (Miss Rebecca S. Simons), ’70, Owings, Maryland.
 { Miss Mariayne Brodnicki, ’74, Oyster Bay, New York.
  Mrs. Donald W. Fones (Miss Carol Lyman), ’62, Mill Valley, California.
  Mrs. Cross Bradberry (Miss Martha McCook Cross), ’43, Sheridan,
_`  Wyoming.

 io FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE
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Rescuers gently prepare Monica Roark for transport from accident scene to M-ary i
Breckinridge Hospital. Although trapped under water for six minutes, Monica survived
and is well, thanks to the heroic work of her rescuers.
Photo by John Newell, by courtesy of Thousandsticks News
FNS TEAM AND LESLIE COUNTY CITIZENS SAVE 7-YEAR-
OLD GIRL FROM DROWNING IN WRECKED CAR
Little seven-year-old Monica Roark could have lost her life on January 15
when the car her sister was driving slid from U.S. Route 421 in the Asher g
Community and plunged into the freezing water of the Kentucky River’s
Middle Fork.
Tragedy was averted, however, by a concerted effort of citizens working 5
together with emergency workers and the competent staff ofthe emergency _
room at Mary Breckinridge Hospital.
Julia Roark, 16, Teresa Roark, 15, and Monica Roark, 7, were driving
along U.S. 421 when Julia Roark lost control of the car as it went around a . .
curve. The car, a 1984 Ford Mustang, flipped over, sailed across a 90—foot _
embankment, and landed upside down in the water. _
Billy Ray Morgan and Garett Lewis were both eyewitnesses to the ;
accident. Lewis, a Leslie County fireman, called the county ambulance  _
service on his fire radio. In the meantime, Morgan, a citizen of the area, I
waded into the cold water and helped Teresa and Julia out of the car.  .
Morgan dived several times into the water to find the other girl. When  L
Emergency Medical Technician Tony Hacker and Oscar Collett, another _
 

 Y
QUARTERLY BULLETIN 11
Q
passerby, arrived, the door to the car was removed, and Monica was
. located. FNS Director of Finance John Gilman who is also a volunteer
,
fireman, was among the first firemen to arrive at the scene.
Monica was not breathing and had been under water for at least six
1 minutes when her lifeless bod was discovered, Hacker and a Kentuck
, Y Y
State Police trooper, Fred Davidson, immediately administered CPR, but
V the girl did not respond. Davidson continued CPR, and Wayne Hacker, an
  ambulance crewman, began mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
. Although the girl was unresponsive from the beginning, the emergency
a workers were ersistent. They radioed ahead to the Mar Breckinrid e
,_ Y
l Hospital, where Nurse Practitioner "Skip" Spell prepared for MOH1C8,S
` arrival.
"One thing that made a difference was, we were dealing with a patient
in cold water. We had to involve other departments — X-ray, the lab,
Med/Surg," Skip said.
f Skip started with FNS back in the days of boots and jodhpurs and has
1 been with the service for 23 years. Although she has worked several places
with FNS, her name is s nonymous with the emer ency room. She "moved
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_ University of Tennessee Medical Center in Knoxville.
J  Photo by John Newell, by courtesy of Thousandsticks News
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 I2 FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE l
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Safely home, Monica, held by her father, is welcomed by Ruth Bowling, Oscar .
Collett, who had pulled her from the sunken car, and Kentucky State Trooper Fred
Davidson, who had given her CPR at the scene.
Photo by John Newell, courtesy of Thousandsticks News  _
the emergency room from the old hospital to the new one" in 1975 and has
been in the emergency room at Mary Breckinridge Hospital since 1980.  
By the time Monica arrived at the emergency room door, Skip had T
recruited two nurses and an aid from Medical-Surgical, had paged Dr.
Phyllis Lewis, staff pediatrician, and had warmed sterile saline and IV i
fluids, with the assistance of the obstetrics department. _
LaDonna Napier, Teresa Napier (both nurses), Dr. Andre Lijoi, and  .
Mary Weaver, director of nursing, were all on hand to provide added l
assistance.
After the girl was "stabilized" she was transported to the Medical
Center at the University of Tennessee, at Knoxville. She was released a few _
days later, with no permanent debilitating effects.
Frontier Nursing Service was lauded in the news media for its heroic
efforts — proving once again that a small rural hospital can handle even I
the most sophisticated emergencies.
"Being prepared made a lot of difference," Skip said. Other departments _
of the Mary Breckinridge Hospital chipped in to ensure that everything
went smoothly. That smooth operation could have been one of the keys to
saving the girl’s life. .
Monica is now at home with her parents, thanks to the professionalism  :
of the Frontier Nursing Service and the concern of the selfless citizens of  
Leslie County. ~

 QUARTERLY BULLETIN 13
THE NEED CAMPAIGN COMES TO A
SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION
by Judy Lewis
FNS Director of Development
· A three-year campaign to fund the Frontier School of Midwifery and
Family Nursing has just been completed with rousing success. The FNS
  faithful, along with an enthusiastic crop of new donors, pushed the NEED
gl campaign to its goal and beyond. Under the co-chairmanship of Miss Jane
k Leigh Powell and Mrs. Horace Enriques, Jr., the development staff and key
A volunteers met their $2.5 million goal and then some!
*; The crowning achievement of the NEED campaign was the nation’s
·4  first chair of midwifery, jointly sponsored by Mrs. Jefferson Patterson,
I honorary national chairman and Miss Kate Ireland, current national
chairman. Named for Mary Breckinridge, the chair is dedicated to
advancing the cause of midwifery education and is currently held by Mrs.
Ruth Coates Beeman, dean of the Frontier School.
The NEED (Nursing Education Enrichment Drive) campaign started
. as a response to a proposal by the federal Division of Nursing to drop
_ funding for the Frontier School in August 1985. At the December 11, 1981
I Board of Governors meeting, the board discussed the possibility of having
a special fund raising project to replace