xt7ncj87md91 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7ncj87md91/data/mets.xml Kentucky. Department of Education. Kentucky Kentucky. Department of Education. 1956-03 bulletins English Frankford, Ky. : Dept. of Education This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. Educational Bulletin (Frankfort, Ky.) Education -- Kentucky Educational Bulletin (Frankfort, Ky.), "The Administration of the Bureau of Rehabilitation Services", vol. XXIV, no. 3, March 1956 text
volumes: illustrations 23-28 cm. call numbers 17-ED83 2 and L152 .B35. Educational Bulletin (Frankfort, Ky.), "The Administration of the Bureau of Rehabilitation Services", vol. XXIV, no. 3, March 1956 1956 1956-03 2022 true xt7ncj87md91 section xt7ncj87md91 0 Commonwealth of Kentucky 0

EDUCATIONAL BULLETIN
THE ADMINISTRATION

OF THE ' "
BUREAU OF REHABILITATION SERVICES

AFTER REHABILITATION
Published ‘by

DEPARTMENT EIF EDUCATION

ROBERT R. MARTIN
Superintendent of Public Instruction

ISSUED MONTHLY

Entered as second-class matter March 21, 1933, at the post office at
Frankfort, Kentucky, under the Act of August 24, 1912.

VOL. XXIV MARCH, 1956 NO. 3

FOREWORD

I am pleased to submit a brief presentation of the activities of
the Bureau of Rehabilitation Services. These activities are designed
to provide Rehabilitation service to the disabled, of working age in
Kentucky.

During the past year a great deal of study has been directed to
the situation of the disabled, with the result that a greater emphasis
is being given to Rehabilitation service and the solution of its many
and varied problems.

Accidents, disease, and congenital conditions at birth result in
many hundreds of Kentuckians becoming disabled each year.

The future growth and development of Rehabilitation in Ken-
tucky will be dependent in large part on the expansion of existing
facilities and the establishment of new ones to serve the Handi—
capped. The program is growing in its value and quality of work
each year.

May I suggest the careful, reading of this bulletin with the
thought that the Bureau of Rehabilitation Services stands ready at-
all times to render any service possible to the Handicapped of our
State.

Robert R. Martin,
Superintendent of Public Instruction

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STAFF
BUREAU OF REHABILITATION SERVICES

Name Position
COFFMAN, BEN F. .............. HEAD
REED, JOHN S. .................... CHIEF, REHABILITATION SERVICES

BALDREE, W. HICKMAN....CHIEF, PLANNING AND COORDINATION
BANKS, FONTAINE, JR._._.ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT

FLEGE, R. FRED __________________ AREA SUPERVISOR

ALLEN, LINDSEY E. ........ A REA SUPERVISOR

CRANMER, T. V. _________________ SUPERVISOR, SERVICES FOR THE BLIND
LEONARD, DR. T. P... ...II.VIEDICAL CONSULTANT

JONES, HOWARD P. ____________ SUPERVISOR, OASI

RAMSEY, DR. JAMES ........ MEDICAL CONSULTANT, OASI

TAYLOR, WENDELL .......... OASI COUNSELOR

GARDENHIRE, HENRY ...... OASI COUNSELOR

FIELD OFFICES

LOCATION ADDRESS REHABILITATION
COUNSELOR

Louisville, 2 1510 Heyburn Building William E. Wilson
Louisville, 2 1510 Heyburn Building Harry T. Greschel
Louisville, 2 1510 Heyburn Building Eugenia Linton, Supervisor
Business Enterprises Program

Covington Area Vocational School Robert E. Lawrence
Madisonville State Office Building Robert E. Traylor
Bowling Green State Office Building Mrs. Bessie R. Baskett
Paducah 111/2 West Center Street Will Young
Lexington State Office Building Mrs. Ruth B. Forman

High and Upper Streets
Lexington / State Office Building Fred Gissoni

High and Upper Streets Blind Placement Specialist

Ashland State Office Building Archie K. Stott
Ashland State Office Building Dawson D. Dugan
Paintsville Mayo State George Mason
Vocational School
Harlan Cornett Building John M. Burkhart
Box 664
Somerset Vocational School Flenor M. Heath

' College Street
Louisville, 2 1510 Heyburn Building John B. Voor
Blind Placement Specialist

INTRODUCTION

On the basis of national estimates, the number of persons in
Kentucky with long-term disabilities would total about 100,000—
approximately one of every thirty persons. The 100,000 disabled
citizens of Kentucky can be categorized as follows:

60%

14-64 yrs.

Non-Institutional

80%

STATUS AGE

Causes of Disability—Disease, particularly chronic disease, is
the cause of about 88% of all disabling conditions. Accidents of all
kinds, in the home, on the highways, in employment, account for
about 10% of the total problem of disability. The other 2% result
from congenital conditions:

Accidents (10 %)

Congenital Conditio
(2 % )

Disease (88%)

Disease 88%

On the basis of the 100,000 persons with long-term disabilities in
Kentucky, there are about 36,000 disabled persons in Kentucky who

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abilities, but who could do productive work if they were provided
services they need.

The economic hardship resulting from disability is frequently
even greater than that created by old age or death of the family
breadwinner. Not only. does the individual lose wage income, but
his family must meet the costs of medical care. Few persons, even
those receiving moderately high salaries, can accumulate enough to
ﬁnance prolonged periods of income loss, Savings and other per—
sonal resources are soon exhausted, and often the sufferer and his
family are forced upon public relief.

Analysis of relief rolls reveals that disability is the largest
single cause for application for relief. It is estimated that federally-
aided public assistance programs are helping about 1 1/3 million per-
sons in the nation whose need is attributed primarily to disability.
The estimate would be in the neighborhood of 1.5 million if those
being helped by general assistance under State and local programs
were included. Omitting those disabled among the aged and in—
cluding the disabled on the general assistance programs, it is esti-
mated that the State and Federal Governments are spending about
half a billion dollars a year to maintain around one million persons
on public assistance as a direct result of disability——some 325,000 of
these are the dependent children of disabled parents.

Disability affects the life of the family as well as that of the
individual. The disabled individual frequently experiences a de-
terioration of his basic skills, loses his self-confidence, and becomes
despondent. Frequently unable to participate in the normal life of
the family and the community, he may become maladjusted because
of a feeling of inequality, lack of prestige, and other concomitants of
“not belonging.” If there is a disabled individual in the family, it
also may affect the whole family life. Someone may have to give
up working to care for the disabled individual. The social life of
others in the family may have to be adjusted so there is someone
in constant attendance. Frequently the disabled individual may
have to leave home and go to an institution for long-term care, sepa-
rating him from his family and breaking up the family unit.

Of the 100,000 disabled persons in Kentucky, 36,000 could have
immediate rehabilitation services and could be placed in employment
1f the State Rehabilitation Agency had a staff adequate enough for
the demand. These disabled persons are found in all communities

in Kentucky. They are in the cities, and they are on the farms.
They are the more than 200 workmen of the 1,000 workers seriously
injured in industrial accidents. Some are among the 5,700 disabled
parents (5,400 fathers) of the more than 50,000 children, who, be-
cause of their parents’ disabilities, are supported under the Ken-
tucky Aid to Dependent Children Program. Still others are among
the 3,000 persons who are blind and who are supported under the _
State Aid to the Needy Blind Program. Some will be found in the
estimated 5,500 disabled persons who would meet the criteria for
Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled. And, finally, they will
be found among the 7,653 patients in the State Mental Hospitals,
and among the 2,000 patients in the State and County Tuberculosis
Hospitals and Sanatoria.

ORGANIZATION

The State Rehabilitation Program is administered by the Bu-
reau of Rehabilitation Services, a Bureau of the State Department
of Education, with central offices located in Frankfort, Kentucky.

There is a Head of the Bureau, who is responsible to the Super-
intendent of Public Instruction for the overall rehabilitation pro-
gram. The Bureau Head is assisted by an Administrative As-
sistant, a Chief of Rehabilitation Services, a Chief of Planning and
Coordination, a Supervisor of Services for the Blind, and two Area
Supervisors. '

The Rehabilitation Program is administered through ten dis-
trict ofﬁces, located throughout the State, with each ofﬁce staffed
with a trained Counselor and a steno-clerk. In addition to the
regular rehabilitation counselors, there are two Blind Placement
Specialists, and one (Severely Disabled Counselor.) The Kentucky
School for the Blind, and the Kentucky Industries for the Blind are
a part of the Bureau of Rehabilitation Services.

REHABILITATION

Rehabilitation is the process of restoring handicapped persons
to the fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, and economic use-
fulness of which they are capable. This process of rehabilitation
takes an individual from a place on relief rolls, or dependency 011
relatives, to that of an employable person paying taxes and making a
definite contribution to his society and community. A program of
rehabilitation should be designed to adjust and train disabled per-
sons for remunerative employment in occupations in which they are

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best fitted to earn a living. The philosophy underlying the rehabili-
tation service is predicated on the theory that the extension of
special services to the handicapped will assist in equalizing their
opportunities with normal persons.

During the past centuries social orders have looked with con-
tempt upon the members of their society who were physically or
mentally handicapped. Ancient societies destroyed their disabled by
throwing them to the crocodiles of the Ganges, or by leaving them
on mountain tops to be devoured by the beasts of the fields and
fowls of the air. A handicapped person, unable to grow his crop or
defend his society, was looked upon as a risk to the safety and
economic well being of the group. Although the handicapped were
permitted to live during the middle ages, they were objects of
ridicule and jesting. They were left at the gate to beg.

Earliest organized social interest in the welfare of the disabled
came in the 18th Century in the form of custodial care. The first
institution to devote its entire resources to the care of the disabled
was organized in Orbe, Switzerland, in 1780. Not until the 19th
Century was any effort made to educate the physically handicapped
person.

In this Century it has been found that many disabilities can be
removed or substantially reduced to adjust the disabled for employ-
ment who otherwise would have been liabilities instead of assets.
Someone has said—“The highest expression of a civilization is the
provision society makes for its unfortunate persons.”

Those of us who have never heard through deafened ears, never
looked through vision dimmed eyes, never talked with a stammering
tongue, never felt a strange flutter of the heart, never dropped a
crutch, nor felt an empty sleeve dangling at our side, will ever know
the full meaning of the word “handicapped” in this process called
life.

In the United States, the first organized attempt by society to
assist the handicapped began during the early 1920s.

WHO IS ELIGIBLE FOR REHABILITATION SERVICES

Any citizen of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, over 16 years
of age, with a disability which constitutes a vocational or employ—
ment handicap, is considered eligible for State provided rehabilita-
tion services. Once a person either requests or is referred for re-
habilitation services, a Counselor by a personal interview and a

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diagnosis of the persons’ mental and physical disability, must
determine whether his disability can be aided by rehabilitation
services, and, then, a doctor on the staff of the State Rehabilitation
Agency must state whether or not medical or rehabilitation services
will make the individual employable. \Vhen these two requirements
are met, then a person may receive the services provided by the
Agency.

It is necessary to consider several things in determining eligi—
bility for specific service, such as the clients education, age, aptitude
and abilities, physical capacities, experience and background. For
example, a person with poor grades in mathematics would not be a
good case for Engineering as a training objective, where mathe—
matical calculations are required. Placing a disabled person in a
work situation where his physical debility would be further ag—
gravated, or where his intellectual capacities would be totally inade-
quatc for the responsibility, thereby making him unhappy and dis-
satisfied with his job, are examples of poor rehabilitation practices.

WHAT IS BEING DONE FOR THE I-IANDICAPPED IN
KENTUCKY

Although Kentucky has not been able to keep pace with most
states in the rehabilitation program, due to the lack of funds, there
has been great progress in providing rehabilitation services during
the past three years. Several qualified rehabilitation counselors and
blind placement specialists have, been added to the staff of the State
Rehabilitation Agency. Legislative appropriations have increased
approximately 54% over the past six years. Increased emphasis has
been placed on the severely disabled.

During the past year 459 Kentuckians were rehabilitated into
profitable employment. This group of disabled citizens have now
become contributors to their community. Through employment they
are paying taxes instead of depending on relief agencies. Rehabilita—
tion is no longer a hit or miss method of record keeping on people.
It is a scientific procedure all the way from the first interview
until rehabilitation service is terminated.

Medical review is made of all cases before rehabilitation services
begin. The economic status of all clients is closely evaluated. The
educational, social, environmental, and vocational factors are fully
measured in the overall rehabilitation process.

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FINDING THE DISABLED

As stated earlier in this bulletin, there are approximately
100,000 disabled persons in Kentucky. The State Rehabilitation
Agency must know who the disabled are before services can be pro-
vided. In many respects the finding and proper referral of the
disabled is one of the most important aspects of the rehabilitation
procedure. The State Agency maintains referral systems with all
agencies with which disabled persons might come in contact, such as
public schools, health departments, insurance groups, welfare ofﬁces,
labor organizations, State Employment Service, civic clubs, doctors,
hospitals, and others. Many disabled people make personal appli—
cation directly to the district offices, the locations of which are
shown elsewhere in this bulletin.

A good referral system requires that the cooperative arrange—
ments between the various agencies be thoroughly understood. In
many instances, this calls for a written agreement of cooperation in
which understandings are spelled out in regard to what type of
individuals will be referred, at what time, in what way, and what
services are to be provided. An effective referral system requires,
also, that the agency maintain continuing contact with the personnel
of the referring agency to interpret to them the rehabilitation pro-
gram, the kinds of clients it serves, and the kinds of services it
provides.

The principal requirement for making this kind of referral
system work is regular and frequent contacts. For example, state
agency rehabilitation counselors have a regular program for dis-
cussng cases with the referral agencies.

As the basis for providing an individualized plan of rehabilita—
tion services to the client, the rehabilitation counselor makes a
thorough diagnostic evaluation of each applicant, to identify and
to evaluate the client’s disabilities, and total disabilities, that may
be developed and capitalized upon in order to prepare him for a
job objective, which the client will be helped to select.

During the 1954—55 fiscal year, 459 individuals were rehabilitated
t0 the extent of assuming employment. The following chart indi-
cates the source of referral and the number referred:

Interested Individuals 98
Public Assistance 98
Self 40

The age groups of the 459 rehabilitants consisted of the fol—

Public Welfare

Physician

Public Schools

United Mine Workers
Artificial Limb Companies
Crippled Children’s Agency
Kentucky Employment Service
Labor Unions

T. B. Sanatorium

U. S. Employment Service
Public Health

Public Officials

County Health Units
Business Colleges

Red Cross

Chamber of Commerce
Hospitals

Veterans Administration
Social Security

News Items

“Taverlcy Hills Sanatorium
Hazelwoocl Sanatorium
\Vorkshop for the Blind
Ohio State Rehabilitation
Kentucky School for the Blind

Department of Economic Security

Goodwill Industries
Private Schools

lowing:
16—20 73 46-50
21-25 38 51—55
26-30 45 56-60
31-35 40 61—65
36—40 47 66—70
41—45 59 71-75

In the fiscal year 1952, the State Agency had 722 rehabilitated.
Before rehabilitation, wages were the major source of support for
only 124. Seventy—three were on public relief, and eight were on
private relief. Families supported 326 of the total number. Annual

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harmful to counsel an individual who is affected with bronchial asth-
ma to work in dusty places. A great deal of freedom, however, is
given to the individual in choosing his life work with two thoughts
in mind—that of protecting his physical health and of preparing him
in the best possible way to perform satisfactorily on the job.

PHYSICAL RESTORATION AND ARTIFICIAL APPLIANCES

Physical restoration services are provided for those whose
physical disabilities can be removed or substantially improved, so
that they can be made employable or more suitably employed. These
services include surgery, hospitalization, medical and therapeutic

' treatment. They are purchased only from institutions, and individu-

als who are qualified in their particular fields and are approved by
the medical profession.

An important phase of the physical restoration is the provision
of prosthetic appliances. The principal items included in this group
are artificial arms and legs, artificial eyes, hearing aids, plastic
surgical appliances, braces and wheelchairs. They are provided
only for those whose financial circumstances prevent them from
purchasing same for themselves. The client, in all cases, will be
required to apply whatever funds he may have available. The pur-
chase of an appliance is contingent upon direct employment set up
in each individual client’s plan and not made promiscuously without
regard to employment.

It should not be inferred that provision of all medical services
are a part of the rehabilitation process. A medical problem becomes
a part of the rehabilitation process only when the condition is such
that it has limited the individual’s functioning so severely that his
daily provision of counseling, medical, placement, and other services
are needed in order to restore the individual to his former employ-
ment or other daily activities.

OCCUPATIONAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
After an individual has been physically restored and adequately
trained for a job, he may need certain additional services in order
to get the kind of job for which he has been trained. Rehabilitation
agencies often assist in the purchase of the tools an individual needs,
or they purchase for the client a needed occupational license. In
some instances, the individual’s plan may call for him to operate his
own small business. The client must be helped financially or other-

wise to acquire the equipment needed for such enterprise.

TRAINING

A11 important means of preparing handicapped individuals for
employment is through vocational training. A few rehabilitation
centers maintain vocational shops and classes to train their clients
for a selected job objective. The Kentucky Rehabilitation Agency
maintains contact with all approved training institutions and fa-
cilities in the State, and sends clients to them for training.

Handicapped individuals have the same range of aptitude and
interests as other individuals. Therefore, the State Rehabilitation
Agency is able to assist a client in securing training at any level
from the professional to the semi-skilled or non-skilled. The training
facilities most frequently used are colleges, universities, business
colleges, private trade schools, and vocational schools. Specialized
training courses are often instituted for such disability groups as the
blind, the tuberculous, the mentally retarded, and others. Such
classes are needed to help many disabled persons to develop greater
physical tolerance, good work habits, and right attitudes toward
employment. A necessary part of a complete training program is
the provision of funds for the client’s living maintenance while
undergoing a course of training, other necessary expenses incurred
in connection with training, or for the provision of books and train-
ing supplies, and transportation to the place of training.

The cost of training services is not conditioned upon the client’s
inability to pay for it himself. All fees, tuition, and instructional
costs, are provided eligible cilents without regard to financial status.
Training supplies, (such as books, laboratory instruments, etc),
however, are not provided if the client is financially able to purchase
them.

Maintenance costs during the training period are primarily the
responsibility of the disabled person or his parents or guardian. If
such costs cannot be provided by the client or parents, and cannot
be obtained from any other source, the Rehabilitation Agency may
assist with the aid necessary to provide maintenance.

The kinds of training are as broad as the occupations in which
the handicapped are employed.

Training is, and continues to be, one of the important functions
of rehabilitation services. Every disabled individual needs to be
trained to know a skill, trade, or occupation in which he can earn a
living.

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PLACEMENT AND ADJUSTMENT

The last step in the rehabilitation process is to provide the serv-
ices needed to place the client in employment. The placement service
that is always given is to consult with the client regarding a job
and to advise him as to how and where he should apply for employ-
ment.

If the client does not have the capacity for finding a job opening
and selling himself to an employer, a rehabilitation placement special-
ist assists him in so doing. Adequate placement service requires
that continuous contacts be maintained with a Wide range of em-
ployers and personnel managers. A rehabilitation counselor visits
a client at periodic intervals after he has been placed on a suitable
job to determine whether he is making a proper adjustment. In
many instances the follow-up counselor interviews the employer,
as well as the client, to assure that the placement is satisfactory.

Rehabilitation restores the interest in leisure activities as well as
occupational proficiency.

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SERVICES FOR THE BLIND

Services for the Blind includes the Kentucky Business Enter-
prises Program, and a staff offering a program of rehabilitation
services to the eligible blind of the state.

Expansion of services was made possible through an Extension
and Improvement Provision of Federal Law No. 565. A Placement
Counselor for the Blind, responsible for serving clients in the Eastern
Area of the state, was added to the staff. Additional funds, federal
and state, were made available for case service in this area. This
increase in staff made it possible to confine the activities of the
existing Placement Counselor to the Western area of the state, thus
permitting more concentrated service.

Coincident with the Extension and Improvement Project, plans
were initiated for altering the relationship between the Placement
Counselors and the overall Rehabilitation Program. For the first
time, staff members responsible for the placement of blind clients
were authorized to participate in the preparation stages of the Re-
habilitation process.

The Extension and Improvement Project permits the develop—
ment of rural farm and rural non-farm placement of the blind.

A training program was established with the Bryant and Strat-
ton Business College of Louisville for the purpose of training blind.
persons in the field of machine transcribing. Through this program
blind persons are familiarized with the standard type of office dic-
tation and transcribing equipment, taught typing, and to make

erasures Without sight. This is the only program of its kind in the
state.

Early in the year, a milestone in placement was reached when
the first blind rehabilitation client was placed in the Federal Civil
Service as a transcriber with the Veterans Administration in Louis-
ville. Since this placement, two other rehabilitation clients have

passed Civil Service examinations, although placement has not fol-
lowed.

In addition to the rehabilitation services of physical restoration,
training, occupational tools and equipment, vocational counseling,
and placement services, for the blind renders various services to
blind clients which are incidental to their rehabilitation. For several
years White canes, provided by the Lions Clubs, have been distributed

by the Placement Counselor; and brief instruction in travel is given
whenever indicated. The Placement Counselor is frequently asked
for information about talking books, library services, recording
services, and special appliances designed for the use of the blind.
These services could be more adequately provided through a home
teaching program for the blind.

KENTUCKY BUSINESS ENTERPRISES PROGRAM

The Kentucky Business Enterprises Program is currently oper-
ating twenty—seven vending stands, which provide con