xt7p8c9r5233 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7p8c9r5233/data/mets.xml Lexington, Ky. University of Kentucky 1964 1965 The University of Kentucky Gradute Schools course catalogs contain bound volumes dating from 1926 through 2005. After 2005, the course catalogs ceased to be printed and became available online only. course catalogs English University of Kentucky Copyright retained by the University of Kentucky. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. University of Kentucky Graduate School course catalogs University of Kentucky Graduate School Bulletin, 1964-1965 text University of Kentucky Graduate School Bulletin, 1964-1965 1964 1964 1965 2020 true xt7p8c9r5233 section xt7p8c9r5233 July 1 964 . UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY BULLETIN Graduate School / 1964-65 UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY Graduate School 1964-65 Contents Page University Calendar for 1964-1965 ................................................................ 4 General Regulations of the Graduate School .................................................. 7 Subjects and Directors of Graduate Study ........................................................ 29 Graduate Courses of Study ................................................................................ 33 I. Agriculture and Home Economics ................................................ 33 11. Arts and Sciences ............................................................................ 57 III. Commerce and Economics ............................................................ 143 IV. Education ...................................................................................... 153 V. Engineering .................................................................................. 175 VI. Law .................................................................................................. 195 VII. Medicine .......................................................................................... 199 VIII. Pharmacy ..................................................................................... 207 Fellows and Scholars for 1964-1965 ................................................................. 209 The Graduate Council and Graduate Faculty ................................................. 211 University Calendar for the Year 1964-65 1964 Fall Semester , Aug.1 Saturday—Last day to submit application and transcripts to Ad. Mar missions Office for Fall Semester 1964-65 I Sept. 1,2 Tuesday and \Vednesday—Classification, registration, and orienta- Apr tion for students not pre-registered Apr. Sept. 3 Thursday—Class work begins May I Sept.9 VVednesday—Last day to enter an organized class for the Fall 1 Semester May Sept. 15 Tuesday—Last day to drop a course without a grade May Sept. 16,17 \Vednesday and Thursday—Last days for filing application fora M December degree in College Dean's office I ay Oct. 2, 3 Friday and Saturday—Graduate Record Examination May Nov. 26 Thursday—Thanksgiving holiday May Nov. 28 Saturday—Last day to drop a class before final examinations May Dec. 3 Thursday—Thesis deadline Dec. 8 Tuesday—Last day to submit application and transcripts to Ad- missions Office for Spring Semester 1965 Dec. 14-19 Monday through Saturday—Final Examinations Dec. 19 Saturday—End of Fall Semester Dec. 21 Monday—All grades clue in Registrar's Office by 4:00 pm. 1965 Spring Semester Jan. 11:13 Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday—Registration Ian. 14 Thursday—Class work begins Ian. 20 \Vednesday—Last day to enter an organized class for the Spring , Semester Ian. 25 Monday—Last day to drop a course without a grade Ian. 27,28 \Vednesday and Thursday—Last days for filing application fora May degree in College Dean’s office Friday and Saturday—Graduate Record Examination ts to Ad- d orienta- the Fall tion for a DDS >ts to Ad- the Spring ition for a Mar. 13-21 Apr. 17 Apr. 22 May 3-8 May 8 May 8 May 10 May 15 May 16 May 17 Saturday noon through Sunday—Spring vacation. Class work be- gins Monday, March 22nd, at 8:00 am. Saturday—Last day to drop a class before final examinations Thursday—Thesis deadline Monday through Saturday—Final Examinations Saturday—End of Spring Semester Saturday—Last day to submit application and transcripts Admissions Office for 1965 Summer Session Monday—A11 grades due in Registrar’s Office by 4:00 pm. Saturday—Alumni Day Sunday—Baccalaureate Services Monday—Ninety-eighth Annual Commencement to The Graduate School ALBERT DENNIS KIRWAN, M.A., LL.B., PH.D., Dean LEWIS W. COCHRAN, M.S., PH.D., Associate Dean LUCY ROBERTA HOGAN, A.B., Administrative Assistant Introductory Statement THE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY began Offering graduate work in 1870, and awarding graduate degrees in 1876, although the Graduate School as a distinct unit was not organized until 1912. The Graduate School is concerned with advanced study and research carried on by the faculty and students of all colleges and departments. Under it the total graduate resources of the University are merged in order to promote the achievement of knowledge in an atmosphere of free and lively inquiry. Graduate work is ofiered in all colleges in the University. Directors of graduate study in the various subjects are listed in this bulletin just before the list of courses. The following advanced degrees are conferred: MASTER OF ARTS MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NUCLEAR MASTER OF SCIENCE ENGINEERING MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PUBLIC MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HOME HEALTH ECONOMICS CHEMICAL ENGINEER (CH.E.) MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEER (C.E.) AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL ENGINEER (E.E.) MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL MECHANICAL ENGINEER (M.E.) ENGINEERING METALLURGICAL ENGINEER (MET.E.) MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL MINING ENGINEER (E.M.) MESNGINEERING MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION TER OF SCIENCE IN LIBRARY MASTER OF SCIENCE IN EDUCATION MXEIENCE MASTER OF BUSINESS TER OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ADMINISTRATION ENGINEERING MASTER OF MUSIC MISTER OF SCIENCE IN SPECIALIST IN EDUCATION MAS13:1:1I31LLURGICAL ENGINEERING DOCTOR OF EDUCATION (ED.D.) EN R OF SCIENCE IN MINING DOCTOR OF ENGINEERING (ENGR.D.) GINEERING DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IL 8 / GRADUATE SCHOOL The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is offered with major work in the following fields: Agricultural Economics, Anatomy, Animal Science, Biology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Dairy Science, Diplomacy and Inter- national Commerce, Economics, Education, English, History, Marthe. ' matics, Microbiology, Pharmacology, Physics, Physiology and Bio physics, Political Science, Psychology, and in the combined fields at Sociology and Rural Sociology. Minor work may be carried in any department offering graduate courses. Organization of the Graduate School THE GRADUATE FACULTY consists of the Dean of the Graduate School and all persons appointed thereto by the President of the University in the manner set forth below. As the chief University agency for the promotion of the ideals of graduate study, it determines the policies ol the Graduate School and makes recommendations to the University Faculty on such matters as require the approval of that body, and it may make recommendations on other matters to the President, or to other administrative officials. All rules affecting graduate work and the inaugu- ration of new graduate majors must be approved by the Graduate Faculty. New Graduate Faculty members may be proposed to the Dean oi the Graduate School at any time by the college deans and department heads concerned, or in the case of persons not attached to a college faculty, by the Executive Vice—President of the University. Eligibilit qualifications are as follows: 1. The doctor’s degree or its equivalent in scholarly reputation. 2. The rank of assistant professor (or equivalent), or higher. 3. Scholarly maturity and professional productivity as demonstralfll by publications, editorial services, research surveys, creative well or patents; and research in progress at the time of proposal. 4. Definite interest in graduate work and the willingness to 931' ticipate in the graduate program. Appointment to the Graduate Faculty is made by the Presidentl the University on nomination by the Dean of the Graduate School alt? he and the Graduate Council have studied the credentials submitted1L support of the proposed members. Administrative officers assigning teaching and other duties to Well bers of the Graduate Faculty who are taking an active part in the gradual program(i.e., are heavily engaged in directing theses, carrying 011W ductive research, etc.) should make appropriate reduction in the (W required of such teachers. cha Fat pre of to I to deg we to an exa req tilt hig 'ork in the l Science, and Inter- y, Mathe- and Bio :l fields of ed in any l late School niversityir icy for the policies ol University and it no or to other the inaugu- ate Faculty. 1e Dean ot department :0 a college Eligibilitr ration. her. ,emonstratel teative wort oposal. ness to P” President 0i School all submitted it ties to melt the gradual3 ying on Pl” in the dulfi UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY / 9 THE DEAN AND HIS OFFICE. The Dean of the Graduate School is charged with the administration of the policies adopted by the Graduate Faculty and the University Faculty relating to graduate studies. He presides over all meetings of the Graduate Faculty and calls meetings of this faculty Whenever he thinks it advisable or whenever requested to do so by one fourth of the membership. He makes recommendations to the Graduate Faculty respecting the requirements for advanced degrees, the regulations necessary to insure a high standard of graduate work, the departments of colleges authorized to offer courses leading to graduate degrees, and all other aspects of the graduate program. He appoints a committee for each graduate student, arranges for final examinations, advises students with regard to their studies and the requirements of the Graduate School, and in all other ways administers the graduate program in the interests of eflicient instruction and the highest attainment possible on the part of each graduate student. He is responsible for determining and certifying to the Registrar candidates who have fulfilled requirements for advanced degrees, and he reports annually to the President of the University on the work of the Graduate School and its needs. The President and the Dean of the Graduate School are members ex—officio of all committees of the Graduate Faculty. THE GRADUATE COUNCIL is composed of eleven members and the Dean of the Graduate School, who is chairman. There are eight elected representatives and three members appointed by the Dean of the Grad— uate School. One of the elected members is from the College of Agriculture and Home Economics, two from the College of Arts and Sciences, one from the College of Commerce, two from the College of Education, one from the College of Engineering, and one from the College of Medicine. The member or members from each of these colleges are elected by the Graduate Faculty members in that college. The term of ofiice of the elected and appointed members is three years, and no member may succeed himself until three years have elapsed since the completion of his last term. The Graduate Council approves or disapproves proposals concerning courses ofiered for graduate credit, and advises and lends assistance to the Dean in his execution of policies and regulations determined by the Graduate Faculty. Specifically, the Council 1. Studies requests of departments relating to proposed graduate programs. 2. Reviews existing programs and courses. 3. In cooperation with the Dean, initiates recommendations to the Graduate Faculty. (This procedure is not intended to prevent a 10 / GRADUATE SCHOOL faculty member from bringing any recommendation or request directly before the Graduate Faculty.) The Graduate Council has only such authority as is herein granted, or such as the Dean or the Graduate Faculty may delegate to it. A majority of the Graduate Council constitutes a quorum for the trans- action of business. DIRECTORS OI“ GRADUATE STUDY. A director of graduate study serves as adviser to each student majoring in his area until the student has a thesis director. The director of graduate study then recommends that this thesis director be appointed the student's adviser or committee chairman. In areas where theses are not required, the director of graduate study is the adviser for all students not writing theses. All student classification schedules must be endorsed by the student’s adviser. If it is desirable, a director of graduate study may recommend that additional advisers in the area be appointed. A director of graduate study who is to be absent from the University for as long as a semester must call this fact to the attention of the Dean so that a substitute may be appointed. Directors of graduate study make annual reports to the Dean of the Graduate School on the progress and needs of graduate work in their areas in time to permit the Dean to use this information in his annual report to the President of the University. The Dean of the Graduate School, with the advice of the college dean(s) and the approval of the President, may recommend to the Graduate Faculty the areas of graduate study and research into which the University may be divided. (The logical unit for an area is a department. By common consent, however, certain departments may be grouped into an area; and in exceptional cases a department may be divided into two or more areas.) The Directors of Graduate Study for the various areas are recommended to the President of the University by the Dean of the Graduate School after he has conferer with the respective graduate staffs and college deans of the areas concerned. ESTABLISHMENT AND MODIFICATION OF GRADUATE PROGRAMS. An area which wishes to establish a new graduate program or modify an existing one must submit its program to the Graduate Council, whiCh will make recommendations concerning it to the Graduate Faculty. HONORARY DEGREES. The selection of candidates for honorary degrees originates in the Graduate Faculty, and the Graduate Faculty makes its recommendations to the University Faculty. Honorary degrees are normally conferred at the May Commence- ment, but may be conferred at other times with the approval of the l l COO: m : request granted, to it. A re trans- te study student mmends unmittee ector of ses. All : adviser. and that graduate semester ute may a of the in their ; annual . college to the a which "ea is a may be may be :udy for aiversity zith the d. as. An rdify an , which lty. degrees akes its amence- of the UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY / 11 Graduate Faculty. Recipients must be present in order to receive honorary degrees. Admission A student who is a graduate of a fully accredited institution of higher learning and has a grade—point standing of 2.5 on a basis of 4.0 may apply for admission to the Graduate School by submitting to the Dean of Admissions two official transcripts of his undergraduate courses and a written application at least a month before anticipated entrance. Application blanks may be obtained from the Dean of Admissions or from the office of the Graduate School. A student with a grade—point average of less than 2.3, or a graduate of a non-accredited institution, may be admitted only after entrance examinations and other evidence acceptable to the Department, the Dean of the Graduate School, and the Dean of Admissions indicate that he is capable of doing satisfactory graduate work. Individual departments may establish higher require- ments. It should be clearly understood that a graduate student may not be able to begin immediately a full graduate program leading to the degree he desires. It may be necessary for him to demonstrate his ability to write accurate and effective English or he may have to satisfy certain prerequisites which he omitted in his undergraduate curriculum. De— ficiencies are determined by the department in which the major work is to be done. Ordinarily, a graduate student may begin a full program in any field in which he has a balanced undergraduate major or its equivalent. Admission to the Graduate School by the Dean of Admissions entitles a student to take such courses as he desires, provided he has the neces— sary prerequisites. However, admission does not automatically make a student a candidate for a graduate degree. Attendance in the Graduate School at the University of Kentucky is not a right. It is a privilege which may be withdrawn by the University or any area of graduate study if it is deemed necessary by the Dean of the Graduate School in order to safeguard the University's standards of scholarship and character. ADVANCED DEGREES FOR FACULTY MEMBERS . Members of the faculty of the University of Kentucky having a rank higher than that of instructor may not be considered as candidates for advanced degrees from this institution. They may take graduate courses, but these may not apply toward a degree from the University. 12 / GRADUATE SCHOOL THE GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATION All students working for graduate degrees must take the Graduate Record Examination (the Area Tests, the Aptitude Test, and the Advanced Test in the major subject). This must be done no later than the first term of graduate work. (See the calendar at the front of this bulletin.) APPLICATION FOR FULL GRADUATE STANDING A graduate student desiring to earn a graduate degree must be approved for full graduate standing by the department in which he intends to major and by the Graduate School. Application should be made as soon as scores on the Graduate Record Examination are avail- able, and in any case prior to the beginning of the semester or term in which the degree is sought. To be admitted to full graduate standing, a student (in addition to meeting the admission requirements) must have scores on the Graduate Record Examination satisfactory to the department concerned and to the Dean of the Graduate School, and a B average or higher on all graduate work completed at the University of Kentucky. Graduate work taken before a student is admitted to full graduate standing will be evaluated by the Director of Graduate Study in the major area and by the Dean of the Graduate School at the time the application for full graduate standing is considered. GRADUATING SENIORS AS PART-TIME GRADUATE STUDENTS A senior in the University of Kentucky lacking no more than six credit hours for graduation and having an undergraduate average of at least 2.5 may register in the Graduate School with the consent of his college dean and the Dean of the Graduate School. Approval of the appropriate director of graduate study is required if the student is to be an applicant for a degree. The total load of such a student may not exceed twelve credit hours. The graduate residence assigned is one and one—half weeks for each credit hour of graduate work beyond the six or fewer credit hours needed to complete undergraduate requirements. The incidental fee is that of a full-time student in the school in which more than half of the work is taken. In cases where the load is evenly divided between the schools, the larger fee is assessed. Requirements for the undergraduate degree must be completed during the semester in which the student is allowed to register for part-time graduate work. Students desiring to enroll in the Graduate School under these conditions must fill out in duplicate a petition listing the course or courses to be taken in order to complete their undergraduate requirements. The petition must be approved by both deans concerned. tov par mi ma stu t0 exc Scl giVI the wit assi dro his cou of 2 Gulf fror the basi wit] adv. seal UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY / 13 General Requirements for All Advanced Degrees Graduate COURSES AND GRADES and the ater than ‘ All courses numbered 500 through 799 may be counted for credit t of this toward a graduate degree provided they are approved as an appropriate part of the student’s graduate program by his graduate adviser or com- ' mittee. Courses numbered 400 to 499 carry graduate credit for non— i majors only. An over—all average of B on all work taken as a graduate must be student, as well as a B average on all work carrying graduate credit, must vhich he be attained before an advanced degree may be awarded. All work is jould be to be counted and none of it may be omitted in computing the average are avail- except those grades in courses which do not give graduate credit may ‘term in be omitted from a student’s average by the Dean of the Graduate School on recommendation of the student’s adviser. D grades are not dition to given to graduate students. An “incomplete" (I), unless the Dean of Graduate the Graduate School grants an extension of time, must be removed I and to within one calendar year after the close of the term in which the I is :r on all assigned if the student is to receive credit. graduate DROPPING OF COURSES y_ "1 t1]? During the first ten Class days of the term a graduate student may time t e drop a regular course without a grade, provided he has the approval of his instructor, his director of graduate study, and the Dean. Regular )ENTS courses may not be dropped later in the term without the assignment of a grade: W if a student withdraws passing, E if he is failing. However, than six Only under very special circumstances may he be allowed to withdraw ;ge of at from a class within two weeks of the final examination period. it of his ,1 of the GRADES 15 to be The official grades of graduate students are recorded in the oflice of may “Oi the Registrar. The Registrar provides official transcripts on the same one. and basis as for undergraduate students. Also, he provides the Dean 16 51K 0‘ with the grades of all students in order that the Dean may be able to )tS- The advise students concerning their programs. -Ch_“_'me The grading of graduate students is done according to the following I dwided ‘ scale: for the n which A—high achievement 4 grade points per credit Students B~satisfactory achievement 3 grade points per credit ins must C—minimum passing grade 2 grade points per credit be taken E—failure 0 grade points per credit petition 1—incomplete see explanation below S—satisfactory see explanation below 14 / GRADUATE SCHOOL A grade of I (incomplete) may be assigned to a graduate student if a part of the work of a course remains undone and there is a reasonable 1 possibility that a passing grade will result from completion of the work. No student may graduate with an I on his record without the permission of his adviser and the approval of the Dean of the Graduate School. A grade of S (satisfactory work in progress) may be recorded for students in graduate c0urses which carry no credit; and in graduate seminars, independent work courses, and research courses which extend beyond the normal limits of a semester or summer term. The grade may not be given to a student in a course carrying credit if the student has ‘ done unsatisfactory work or if he has failed to do a reasonable amount of work. The project must be substantially continuous in its progress, When the work has been completed, a final grade will be substituted for the S. Once a grade (other than an I or S) has been reported to the Regis- trar’s Office, it may not be changed unless an error was made at the time the grade was given and recorded, and then only upon the written unanimous approval of the instructor, the Registrar, and the Dean of the Graduate School. REGISTRATION AND CLASSIFICATION All students expecting graduate credit must be enrolled in the Graduate School. Graduate Students will conform to the general regis- tration schedule of the University and may not enter later than the last allowable date set by the Registrar. Before registering, a graduate student must obtain his adviser's ap- proval of his proposed program. STUDENT LOADS AND SHORT COURSES The normal load of a graduate student during any semester is twelve credit hours, and under no circumstances may it exceed fifteen credit hours. In the summer session the normal load is six credit hours and the maximum nine. Graduate students serving in the University as assistants or part—time instructors should register for less than the normal load, as determined by their advisers. Persons holding full—time working or professional assignments, whether employed by the University or not, may not take for graduate credit toward a degree in any single semester or term more than 5 credit hours. A student may petition for a waiver of this rule if he meets the following conditions: (1) has satisfactorily completed six credit hours of graduate work; (2) has attained highs?r than national average scores on the aptitude and advanced tests of the Graduate Record Examination; (3) and has appropriate employmcut facilities and conditions. Two short courses of 4 weeks or less, or two l of re; co on wt nu sti cor wh resi we or e student I 'easonahle i the work. ‘ )ermission ' :hool. orded for graduate :h extend grade may udent has e amount progress. :ituted for the Regis- : the time e written Dean of d in the era] regis- n the last viser's ap- is twelve :en credit tours and versity as re normal 3 working ty or not, : semester - a waiver isfactorily ed higher sts of the iploymem :s, or tw0 UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY / 15 full—term courses and a short course, may not be taken simultaneously. A short course may not carry credit greater than the number of weeks during which it is offered. “RESIDENCE" DEFINED One of the requirements to be met by a candidate for an advanced degree is that of residence. Meeting this requirement does not, however, quality a candidate for a degree. A longer time may be required to meet other requirements. Full-time residence (18 weeks) requires a minimum of 9 credit hours of graduate course work, or the equivalent in thesis research during the regular academic term. In the summer session full—time residence (9 weeks) requires a minimum of 6 credit hours. Part-time residence is computed on the basis of one and one—half weeks of residence for each credit hour earned, except for short courses of less than eight weeks, in which case the number of residence credits may not exceed the actual number of weeks involved. If a full—time student becomes a part-time student by failing courses or dropping courses, he receives one and one- half weeks of residence per credit hour in courses completed with a satisfactory grade. The summer school student is assigned full residence (9 weeks) provided he is taking courses which together require residence for the full eight weeks and provided he earns a minimum of six credit hours, whether in short courses alone or in a combination of short and full—term courses. The Registrar makes the computations for short courses and recom- mends to the Graduate Office the amount of residence earned. The final evaluation of residence, as well as of course and other requirements, rests with the Dean of the Graduate School. A master’s candidate working on his thesis and in need of residence credit may register for a maximum of nine weeks of residence in course No. 768 in the appropriate department. A doctoral candidate working on his thesis and in need of residence credit may register for course No. 769 in the appropriate department. TIME LIMIT FOR DEGREES N0 course or residence credit may be given for graduate study Completed more than eight years prior to the end of the semester at which the student expects to receive his degree unless such credit or residence is specifically validated by the Graduate Council on written recommendation of the appropriate director of graduate study, No course or residence credit may be validated in this manner if completed more 16 / GRADUATE SCHOOL than twelve years prior to the end of the semester in which the student expects to receive his degree. GRADUATION Advanced degrees may be conferred at the close of any semester or summer session, but commencement exercises are held only at the close of the academic year. A student who is scheduled to receive his degree at the close of the academic year is expected to attend the commence- ment exercises unless he is excused in writing by the Dean of the Graduate School. Students who are eligible to receive degrees at the end of a first semester or a summer session may elect to defer their graduation and participate in the next commencement exercises. Appro- priate academic costume must be worn. The graduation fee covers the cost of the diploma, the hood, and, in the case of the master’s degree (with thesis), the binding of the thesis. Students intending to graduate at the close of a given semester or term must make formal application (at the Graduate Office) for the degree within the first two weeks of the semester or term. FEES Registration fees per semester are $110 for residents of Kentucky, $260.00 for non—residents. Part—time graduate students who are legal residents of the state pay $13.00 per semester credit; non—residents pay $31.00 per semester credit. Students carrying full loads in the summer session pay one-half the regular semester fce. Those taking less than full loads pay the regular semester credit fee. The Registrar determines the status of one’s residence for purposes of assessing fees. Graduate fellows, graduate assistants, and instructors pay the fees assigned to Kentucky residents. General Requirements for All Masters’ Degrees (See also pages 7—16) TRANSFER or CREDITS \Vith the approval of his graduate adviser, the dean, and the Regisl trar, a student may transfer up to six credit hours (but no residence] toward the satisfaction of the minimum requirements for masterS' degrees, provided the work in question was taken while he was enrolled in residence in an approved graduate school. org ear Im the deg req CI; tau stn H10 H13 on: ear mu resi resi gra sati attz tior \th e student mester or the close 1is degree )mmence- n of the es at the efer their 3. Appro- :0vers the r’s degree mcster or ) for the Kentucky, are legal dents pay e summer less than letermines the fees grees the Regisl residence] ' masters' s enrolled UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY / 17 EXTENSION AND CORRESPONDENCE WORK Under certain conditions, up to six of the credit hours required for any master’s degree may be earned in extension courses given in person by University of Kentucky instructors. No graduate credit is given for courses taken by correspondence. M.A. OR M.S. DEGREE Whether a candidate selects a Master of Arts or a Master of Science degree is left to the option of the candidate and his major department. In general it may be said that a candidate with major work in the natural sciences should take the MS. degree; others the MA. COURSES AND CURRICULA Graduate students are eligible to take regular courses which meet as organized classes and independent—study or research courses in which each student carries on investigations independent of class meetings. Independent study or research courses may not duplicate