xt7pc824fm0c https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7pc824fm0c/data/mets.xml Kentucky. Department of Education. Kentucky Kentucky. Department of Education. 1946-01 bulletins English Frankford, Ky. : Dept. of Education This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. Educational Bulletin (Frankfort, Ky.) Education -- Kentucky Educational Bulletin (Frankfort, Ky.), "The Administration of Vocational Rehabilitation in Kentucky", vol. XIII, no. 11, January 1946 text
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EDUCATIONAL BULLETIN

TI-IE , .
ADMINISTRATION OF VOCATIONAL
REHABILITATION IN KENTUCKY

Published by

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

JOHN FRED WILLIAMS
Superintendent of Public Instruction

ISSUED MONTHLY

Entered as second-class matter March 21, 1933, at the post ofﬁce at
Frankfort, Kentucky, under the Act of August, 24, 1912.

' VOL. XIII January, 1946 NO. 11

FOREWORD

This bulletin presents, without detail, the benefits available
to those individuals with such mental or physical disabilities as
will make them eligible for vocational rehabilitation. There is
greater need for rehabilitation services today than there has been
previously. The services of the Division of Vocational Rehabilita-
tion have been greatly expanded in the past year. It now includes
almost any service that will fit an individual to engage in a remun-
erative occupation. It is believed that the information contained
in this publication will be of assistance to those individuals” who are
in rehabilitation service as well as to interested citizens. It has been
prepared by the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation under the
direction of its Director, W. Hickman Baldree.

JOHN FRED WILLIAMS,

Supmintendent Public Instruction

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Introduction ______________________________________________________________________________________ 998
Administrative Organization .......................................................... 998
Eligibility for Rehabilitation Services .......................................... 1000
Determining the Nature of Rehabilitation Services ...................... 1001
Physical and Mental Restoration .................................................... 1002
TYPES of Training Available ............................................................ 100—1:
Sel‘vit'es for the Blind ...................................................................... 1004
List of Occupations in whieh Rehabilitation Clients were
Trained ________________________________________________________________________________________ 1006
District Supervisors .......................................................................... 1007
Photographs ________________________________________________________________________________ 1008—1009
Summary ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1010

THE ADMINISTRATION OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION
IN KENTUCKY
Introduction

Society has a moral as well as an educational obligation to serve
the less fortunate individuals physically and mentally handicapped.
From the beginning of time the physically and mentally incapaci-
tated have been among us. That nation which is the highest edu-
cationally, culturally, and spiritually, is the nation which recognizes
and makes provisions to assist those individuals who because of
accident, disease, or deformity of birth, all of which are matters
beyond their control, are incapacitated persons, Vocational Re-
habilitation is the legal means in a democracy by which services
are rendered to the physically handicapped, who, because of such
handicaps, are prevented somewhat from performing desirable life
activities as normal individuals. The underlying philosophy of
Vocational Rehabilitation is based on the belief that the extension
of such services to the physically handicapped equalizes in a large
degree their life opportunities. It does not necessarily follow that
a person handicapped physically should be handicapped vocation-
ally. Rehabilitation may be defined as “any service (educational
included) which fits an individual to engage in remunerative and
worthwhile life activities.”

Administrative Organization

The State Board of Education is the sole authority for carry-
ing out the provisions and purposes of the Vocational Rehabilita-
tion program. I quote from the Kentucky Revised Statutes, 1942
edition—School Laws—Section 163.020 (4526—1) Federal Acts Re-
lating to Vocational Education and Rehabilitation Accepted.—
“This state accepts and agrees to comply with all the provisions of
the Acts of Congress of the United States approved February 23,
1917 (39 Stat. 929), June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 735), and June 8, 1936:
relating to vocational education and rehabilitation.”

The State Superintendent of Public Instruction is empowered
with the authority of carrying out the Wishes of theState Board of
Education relating to personnel, salary and tenure of all adminis-
trative, supervisory, and clerical assistants in the Division of Voca-
tional Rehabilitation. Again I cite the statutory provisions for
such authority—163.050 (4526—4) Personnel: Rules and Regula-

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tions.—“ (1) The State Board of Education shall appoint and fix
the duties compensation, and tenure of all administrative, super-
visory, and clerical assistants it deems necessary to carry out the
provisions of KR-S 163.010 to 163.080, the appointments to be made
in the same manner as provided by law for other similar assistants
in the Department of Education. The assistants shall be reim-
bursed for necessary traveling expenses incurred in the perform-
ance of their official duties.

“(2) The State Board of Education, on the recommendation
of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, may make such rules
and regulations as it deems necessary for the effective carrying out

,of the provisions of KRS 163.010 to 163.080. The rules and regu-
lations shall be published and the board may prepare and print

such courses of study and make such reports as it deems necessary
for carrying out the provisions of the Federal Acts accepted by
KRS 163.020.”

The Vocational Rehabilitation Program is definitely a part of
the State Department of Education and as such is subject to the
rules and regulations of the State Board of Education and the State
Superintendent of Public Instruction as the executive officer on
such Board.

On the state level, the following positions have been established:

(1) Full—time director—in charge of all administrative and
supervisory responsibilities of the various services of the
program

(2) Assistant director—in charge of case filing and cooperative
agencies

(8) Assistant director—in charge of the vocational training
and guidance service of Vocational Rehabilitation

(4) State supervisor—in charge of physical restoration which
includes hospitalization, surgery, treatment, and the fit-
ting of prosthetic appliances

(5) State supervisor—in charge of services for the blind, in-
cluding the vending stands and the regular program of
rehabilitation of the blind

In order that the state may be more effectively served, eleven
district offices have been established in various sections of the
state. Each office is staffed with a supervisor and secretary, and
in cases where the demand is sufficient, case workers are employed.
Periodic visits are made by members on the state level to the var-
ious district offices in the state for check-ups on case service and the
regular rehabilitation program. Periodic staff conferences are held to

999

more effectively carry out plans and procedures for the work in re.
habilitation.

Eligibility for Rehabilitation Services

Any person with a physical or mental disability which con-
stitutes a vocational or employment handicap is considered for
Vocational Rehabilitation services. The disability must be certified
to by a licensed physician on medical forms furnished by the Divi-
sion of Vocational Rehabilitation. The individual must be over 16
years of age and such physical or mental condition must be of a
static or relatively unprogressive nature. Active tuberculosis, for
example, would not be a feasible case for rehabilitation to serve.
If it were an arrested case of tuberculosis, which means that it is

not progressive, such a case would fall within the limits of Voca-
tional Rehabilitation services.

A boy with one eye, one limb, or a deaf mute would be unques—
tionably feasible for rehabilitation benefits, since such disability
is a substantial handicap of a non-progressive nature. The central
thought for all rehabilitation supervisors to keep foremost in their
minds is the employability of the individual. The person served
must be made employab‘le. If a case cannot be orientated to some
vocation, he is not feasible for rehabilitation service but is a case
for welfare or some charitable institution.

There are a number of things to consider in determining eligi-
bility after a case is medically feasible. I mention only a few such
as a person’s age, education, mental capacities, phySical capacities,
experience, and self-determination. For example, a few years ago

' one of the district supervisors interviewed a young boy graduated
from high school, crippled in both limbs by infantile paralysis who
was interested in a course in law. He had very poor high school
grades, and the principal of the school advised the boy that law
was not advisable and the supervisor was likewise somewhat reluc-
tant in recommending a pre-law course, but finally such a course
was arranged. The boy struggled through his pre-law course and
asked that he be sent to a law school. Again we were someWhat
doubtful, but after much deliberation let him try. To make a long
story short, the young man today is earning approximately $6,000
a year in a Kentucky town as a practicing attorney. His self-
determination was the thing that caused him to finally succeed.
This is a rather isolated case, but it will illustrate, to some degree
at least, what self-determination by a person can accomplish.

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Determining the nature of Rehabilitation Services

Vocational Rehabilitation is a rather highly personalized serv-
ice due to the fact that the supervisor should know many things
about the individual he is serving. It becomes the duty of the
supervisor to thoroughly analyze the educational interests and the
vocational objective for each person applying for Vocational Rebahil-
itation services. After much study with possibly the results at hand
of an aptitude test and a physical capacity evaluation, the super-
visor determines the nature of the service that will be provided the
individual. For example, you would not want to train a person
who has a serious speech impediment to become a receptionist
where he would have to meet many people each day. It would be
better that such a person be trained as a file clerk or bookkeeper
where meeting the public would be at a minimum. All services
rendered the individual are provided by rehabilitation directly to
the organization or agency for his benefit. The individual never
receives any money from Vocational Rehabilitation. His benefits
always are passed on in services.

The first step in the Vocational. Rehabilitation process, as has
been mentioned previously, is that all persons being served must
present a medical diagnosis from a licensed physician to help de—
termine the eligibility for Vocational Rehabilitation. This is a
federal requirement. by the U. S. Office of Vocational Rehabilita-
tion. The nature of the medical information is left to the discretion
of the states. The cost of the medical reports are 100% reimburs-
able to the states from the federal government. In many cases it is
necessary for a great amount of medical information and diagnosis
to be submitted on an individual before determining a plan or
training objective for the person. Each individual must have a
substantial physical or mental handicap. Such handicap must be
to such an extent and of such a nature that it Will definitely impede
the vocational opportunity of the individual. Many reasons can
be advanced for authentic medical information. There are many
disabilities hidden or unseen—for example, a person with a serious
organic heart appears from outside appearances to be perfectly
well. The same could be said for weak lungs, hypertension, and
other physical impairments. If proper medical information is sub-
mitted, such disabilities are found at once. Such information per-
mits the state rehabilitation program to legally serve the person
under consideration.

There are many ways of determining the proper objective for
physically handicapped individuals. lVe attempt to guide the in-

1001

dividual vocationally into the proper channels necessary for his
complete rehabilitation. It may be necessary to give the individual
'a battery of intelligence and aptitude tests or maybe it could be
determined by his previous high school record and sometimes it is
pretty well determined by personal interviewing of the case. It is
necessary always to keep in mind that this type of guidance is
somewhat different from the normal process in that many handi-
capped individuals are not equipped to perform the same activities
or operations on a job as the normal individual—for example, it
would be unwise to advise an individual that has serious eye dis-
abilities to be trained in precision tool making. It would not be
sensible to advise an individual who is affected with bronchial
asthma to work in dusty places in basements of buildings. A great
deal of freedom, however, is given to the individual in choosing his
life work with the two thoughts in mind—that of protecting his
physical health and of preparing him in the best possible way to
perform satisfactorily on the job. An additional service provided
for people is to assist them in finding and keeping employment.
Those persons are furnished with artificial appliances who are
medically feasible and can show cause economically that they are
unable to purchase such appliances. Artificial appliances are=pro-
vided to assist people in getting a job or keeping them on the job.
The Vocational Rehabilitation service provides such appliances as
arms, legs, hearing aids, hands, artificial eyes, false teeth, braces,
glasses, trusses, if by so doing, it enables the individual to better
carry on his chosen vocation.

Physical and Mental Restoration

' This service applies to those individuals who because of physi-
cal or mental disability are unable to pursue their employment and
need assistance. The following are regulations which determine
whether physical restoration can be made available{

(1) The disability must be static.

(2) Physical restoration must remove or substantially reduce
the client’s handicap.

[3) Physical restoration must increase the employability of
the individual.

(4) The client must be financially unable to provide physical
restoration service for himself.

Physical restoration services include:

(1) Medical diagnosis
(2) Hospitalization and after care
(3) Occupational and physical therapy

1002

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The case must have a substantial employment handicap in
order to be served by physical restoration. Regulations and stand-
ards are set up by the federal office which serve as a guide for de-

termining such handicaps. The medical diagnosis is made by an
approved physician and with the assistance of the standards of
regulations either approves or disapproves types of service to be
administered. The physical or mental disability must be static or
relatively unprogressive for service. Any case having a handicap
that is progressive in nature or may become so will not be consid—
ered for physical restoration service. If only static cases are
treated by Vocational Rehabilitation, it will not be accused of going
into the field of preventive medicine. Such procedures by a federal
agency are not approved by most doctors. Surgery and hospital-
ization service is available to clients meeting the above conditions,
with the understanding that 90 days is the limit whereby federal
funds are used for hospitalizing a case. The Division of Rehabili-
tation purchases medical care, hospitalization service, and treat-
ment from approved clinics and established hospitals.

The program of physical restoration is a new phase of rehabil-
itation service and because of the need of this type of service, it
requires skilled and technical individuals to deal with problem cases.
Many sins have been committed by the amateur. Most rehabilita-
tion supervisors fully understand that they are not medical special-
ists and for that reason medical consultation and medical advice
is used for serving individuals in physical restoration. The service
of physical restoration is very important in its connection with all
other public health agency endeavors. For example, there is esti-
mated to be in Kentucky 6,500 handicapped school children. This
group will some day become an army of adults. If proper medical
attention is not given to this group before the age of 16, they be-
come the responsibility of the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation
service. Of this group, a great number will be classified as mentally
retarded which requires the services of skilled physiologists and
Psychiatrists. Again, if these individuals are neglected until they
become 16, Vocational Rehabilitation can provide phychiatric and
Occupational therapy service. The medical and surgery service must
be closely connected with vocational guidance. Types of training re-
quired in individual cases and services to be given must be determined
jointly by the physician, vocational guidance counselor, and the train-
ing specialists.

1003

Types of Training Available
Vocational Rehabilitation offers its facilities and training to
practically every occupational field.

(1) Partial list of Occupations

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Teaching

Engineering

Law

Medicine

Dentistry

Accounting

Drafting

Medical technician

Training for other occupations depending on the apti-

tudes, abilities, and interests of the applicant

(2) Clerical, Sales, and Kindred occupations

b.
c.
d.
e.

General Office

Bookkeeping

Secretarial

Salesmanship

Other courses in the field of business administration

(3) Skilled and semi-skilled occupations

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Watch repairing
Radio

Electrical work
Welding
Seamstress

Air mechanics
Auto mechanics
Refrigeration
Dress making
Machine operator

(4) Self Occupations

a.
b.
c.

Barbering
Beauty culture
Others

The above represents only a partial list of occupations in which
the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation has trained the physically
handicapped. There are thousands of other job classifications in
Kentucky in which handicapped individuals could be trained de-
pending on their aptitudes, abilities, and interests.

SERVICES FOR BLIND

Briefly the rehabilitation of the blind is performed in a similalr
manner as rehabilitating other physically handicapped persons. It

1004

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so happens that those interested in benefits and training for the
blind have been somewhat more diligent about their cause than
other groups. As mentioned previously, a state supervisor is in
charge of the blind who is charged with the responsibility of in-
dustrial placement, concession stands operation for blind. voca-
tional training, medical diagnosis and physical restoration.

It is estimated there are 6,000 blind in Kentucky. Only 25%
of this number are possible cases for rehabilitation. The remaining
4,000 are cases for welfare and home care. It is a little less than
amazing the record the blind are making in industrial establish»
ments. There is now working in the Vocational Rehabilitation
Division an Industrial Specialist whose responsibility is placing
eligible blind persons.

It has been proven by statistics that the blind as a group have-
less accidents in industry than sighted persons and work results
are equally satisfactory. Kentucky serves many of its blind by con-
cession or vending stand programs. In these programs approxi-
mately 65 blind people are employed. The blind operate, under
supervision, small businesses selling small and selected stocks of
merchandise. It is contemplated to expand this phase of the serv»
ice so that at least 150 or 200 blind persons are employed in public
buildings throughout the state.

Who is eligible for rehabilitation services under Services for-
the Blind? This service is available to persons 16 years of age and
wider whose visual acuity is 20/200 or less in better eye after cor—
rection. Those whose visual acuity is more, yet whose loss of vision
constitutes a handicap, may be served through the regular channels.
of Vocational Rehabilitation service.

Services contemplated for blind in Kentucky

1. Physical restoration, including treatment, surgery, and
hospitalization when feasible.

2. Counseling related to social and educational adjustment.

3. Vocational guidance which determines the choosing of vo-
cation.

4. Training to prepare for vocation.

5. Placement.

6 Maintenance While training if financially in need.

7 Cultural and recreational service in which assistance may
be secured for braille and talking books.

8. Work opportunities under sheltered conditions when in—
dicated.

1005

List of Occupations in which Rehabilitation Clients were Trained

During 1944—45 a study was made in the Division of Vocational
Rehabilitation of 1,050 closures to determine the distribution of the
various occupations in which individuals were trained. Due to the
war emergency, we found that laborers headed the list of those
individuals for which services were provided. It is interesting to
note that such occupations as advertising, recreation, florist, etc.
were very few. This is possibly due to the fact that these particular
occupations were not necessarily a part of the war effort. In this
study it was also found that the total earnings at survey of the
clients amounted to $5,410 and the total earnings after service was
$34,704. The increase in earning capacity was almost seven times
as great after Rehabilitation services as it was before. The total
cost to the Department of Education was approximately $40,000 or
a per capita cost of $37.78. This is factual evidence that Rehabili-
tation actually pays in dollars and cents by increasing the earning
power of individuals. There is hardly any field untouched by the
program of Vocational Rehabilitation.

The list of occupations shown below represents a break-down
by jobs of the 1,050 closures that were studied.

Laborers 220 Clergy

Auto Service & Mechanics 109 Domestic

Clerical 92 Chauffeuring
Farming 83 Elevator Operators
Machinists 60 Production Workers
Welding 48 Tool Grinders
Trucking 36 Dry Cleaners
Teaching 29 Dishwashers

Mining 26 Printing

Sales 25 Switchboard Operators
Janitors 23 Timekeepers

Misc. Personal Services 20 Bakers

Painting (house) 17 Furniture and Rug Repairing
Inspectors 17 Housekeeping

Radio 17 Shipfitting
Lumbering 12 Hospital Service
Carpentry 12 Blacksmith
Manufacturing 12 News boys

Guards 11 Shelter Work Shop
Shoe Repairman 10 Plumbing

Sewing Machine Operators > 10 Watchmaking
Waitress 8 Funeral Service
Postal Service 8 Beautician

Electrician 8 Mill Workers

Porters 7 Musicians

Cooks 6 Artificial Limb Maker
Railroad workers 6 Advertising

Broom Making 6 Recreation agency attendant
’l‘ax1 and Bus Drivers 6 Fireman

Distillery Workers 6 Detective

Professional Services 6 Florist

1006

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Total earnings at survey ‘5 5,410.00

Total earnings at closure ....... .. ..... 34,704.00
Total cost to department .............. 39,676.00
Average earnings at survey per week .............................................. $ 5.15
Average earnings at closure per week ............................................ 33.05
Total cost per capita 37.78

District Supervisors

Mr. Lindsey E Allen, Dist Supv.
Vocational Rehabilitation

1510 Heyburn Building
Louisville 2, Kentucky

Mr. D. D. Dugan, Dist. Supv."
Vocational Rehabilitation
Crabbe School Building
Ashland, Kentucky

Mail sent to Mrs. James B. Flannery, Secretary——
Vocational Rehabilitation

102 City Building

Covington, Kentucky

Mr. Harry B. Ford, Dist. Supv.
Vocational Rehabilitation

317 Masonic Building
Owensboro, Kentucky

Mr. Leonard L. Hudson, Dist. Supv.
Vocational Rehabilitation

1019 State Street

Bowling Green, Kentucky

Mr. Acles Pope, Dist. Supv.
Vocational Rehabilitation
Box 710

Harlan, Kentucky

Mr. George E. Sapp, Dist. Supv.
Vocational Rehabilitation

BOX 368

Somerset, Kentucky

Mr. Dow Stapleton, Dist. Supv.
Vocational Rehabilitation

Box 734

Hazard, Kentucky

Mr. Robert E. Traylor, Dist. Supv.
Vocational Rehabilitation

141 South Main Street
Madisonville, Kentucky

Mr. L. G. Wesley, Dist. Supv.
Vocational Rehabilitation
311 East Main Street
Lexington 34, Kentucky

Mr. Will Young, Dist. Supv.
Vocational Rehabilitation
Box 571

Paducah, Kentucky

1007

Miss Elizabeth Milliken, pictured above, is a good example of
what a handicapped person who possesses determination can do
when given proper guidance and counsel. She now is operating a
Novelty Shop in Owensboro, Kentucky, and her reputation is be-
coming known in and around the surrounding territory as one who
deals in oddities that may not be found in larger shops.

1008

6001

Perhaps it is the group of happy blind boys and girls that is causing Miss Helen Hicks to look so happy. 0n the
other hand, it may be the result of recent eye operations which have caused considerable improvement in her vis-
ion.

Miss Hicks, a teacher at the Kentucky School for the Blind, has been blind since about the age of eighteen. She
is very pleased over the results of recent eye operations for cataract, made possible by Vocational Rehabilitation.
Her vision is much improved as a result of the operations and may be restored to almost normal. This is a physical
restoration service of Rehabilitation.

. ‘u:

SUMMARY

The benefits of Vocational Rehabilitation have been so liberal-
ized as to include almost any service to enhance the chances voca-'
tionally of persons with physical or mental disabilities. The oppor-
tunity to work is a debt society owes to every individual, the dis-
abled as well as the able-bodied. The ever increasing number of
persons handicapped each year coming into the labor market makes
it imperative that rehabilitation re-emphasize its efforts for service.
Kentucky must continue to provide vocational opportunities for
this group if we are to have a well-balanced economy and an edu-
cational program which meets the demands of all its citizens.

“There is a destiny that makes us brothers,
None goes his way alone.

All that we send into the lives of others,
Comes back into our own.”

—EDWIN MARKHAM