xt7pzg6g4x07 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7pzg6g4x07/data/mets.xml  Kentucky  1972 newsletters  English Eddyville, Ky.: Kentucky State Penitentiary  This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed. Permission must be received for subsequent distribution in print or electronically. Physical rights are retained by the owning repository. Copyright is retained in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. Please go to https://exploreuk.uky.edu for more information. Castle on the Cumberland Kentucky State Penitentiary -- Periodicals Journalism, Prison -- Kentucky Castle on the Cumberland, June/July 1972 text Kentucky State Penitentiary v.: ill. 28 cm. Call Numbers HV8301 .C37 and 17-C817 20:C279 Castle on the Cumberland, June/July 1972 1972 1972 2021 true xt7pzg6g4x07 section xt7pzg6g4x07  

 UNITED WE STAND DIVIDED WE FALL

 

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I:

THE COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY

Honorable Wendell H. Ford
Governor Honorable Julian Carroll
Lieutenant Governor

THE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
Charles J. Holmes Commissioner

Luther Luckett Deputy Commissioner

KENTUCKY STATE PENITENTIARY

Henry E. Cowan Superintendent

Jerry Wilson Assoc. Super./ Admin.

W. G. Herndon Assoc. Super./ Custody
William Lasley I Assoc. Super./ Treatment
W. D. Johnson Senior Captain

Duke Curnutte Chief Counselor

P. R. Walker Educational Director

CASTLE STAFF

Bob Redmon Editor Chas. DuRain Illust.
Ronald Watson Press Operator
Russell Billings Cover Design

CASTLE is published under the supervision of Mr. James R. Hubbard
and is a member of the American Penal Press Association.

  

Fans (DE): @ONTENTS

CASTLE is published by the inmates of the Kentucky State Penit-
entiary near Eddyville. The primary purpose of this publication
is to promote a better understanding between the prisoners and
interested persons outSide. The views and comments contained
herein do not necessary reflect those of :the Administration.
Permission to reprint all material is granted provided the source
is acknowledgedo If there is any good here, use it with our
blessingo "

FROM THE EDITOR ,~Z%E
BRIDGING A GAP 4
PRISON CHANGE AND REFORM 5
EDITORIAL OPINION 6.
SHOO FLY ‘ 7 ‘
PAROLE: paradoxes, problems, inequities 8&9
EXQOFFENDERS AND EMPLOYMENT 1O
BUM RAP (01? Hard Time) 11
‘WHAT IS FREEDOM 12
WHEN TRAGEDY STRIKES' 13
OLD YARD KAT 1A
CAT OR CATASTROPHE U5
POETRY‘ 16—17
BITS AND PIECES 18

A TOUCH OF GOD ' 19
WHAT IS A CRIMINAL 20~21
SNACK TIME (019 Hard Time) 22
KSP A LA MODE . 23
CORRECTION EDUCATION 24
EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT 25
HOSPITAL NOTES 26
MORE THAN A MOUTH FULL 27
MEDICAL UNCARE 28~29
PUZZLE 30
PENAL PRESS EXCHANGE 31

A. NEW DAWN 32

IN KENTUCKY STATE PRISON NEARLY EVERYONE

THE @ASTLR

 

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’\w is. ,\ w a We all choose our outlets with
_‘”””*' ' s-i.9‘“ ‘q;»‘ care least in the error of our ,

‘ ,“ 3 '”’1 choice we not only .sufferV our

” 4' a - , frustrations but an injured jaw.

Undoubtedly there would be fewer
‘ sore jaws if some of us took a
closer look at the other fellows'

a frustrations rather than make

' such a.big thing of our own.

Perhaps it issour preoccu-

pation with our own frustrations

‘ that emotionally isolates ussone
from the othero It is paradox
in every prisoner's life that he
feels that he suffers his frus-l

 

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tramiOns alone when in fact no
where can it be found where so many suffer so much loss for“ so

fl. long and suffer this condition so intimately. For in coming to
prison each of us have lost "it all" and whatever that might mean
to each of us as individuals, it remains that one manis idenity
in the free world is as important to him as the next fellow's
idenity to himselfo ,

Try as you may, you cannot measure one manVs loss against
another manVs, for in the terms of personal frustration, it meta
ters not, posing on all alike a frustrating life condition. Far
from suffering whether a man finds his life meaning in aatwo—room
tenement or a manor house on five acres. When you take it all
from him, it means as much to one as it does to the other.

By being in prison we have lost all we had and whatever this

.hbreaks down to in individual losses, it is not for any man to say
that his particular losses are the more frustrating. After all,
’a man cannot give up any more than what he had and in doing this.
he then becomes the equal of any other man by the- totality of

fl their common losso

We all agree that a desert island is a desert island to the
rich and the poor alike." In a similar way, a penitentiary makes
no distinction in its members. Aside from our many differences

teas persons, we hold our frustrations in common. This is the one
emotional root that should bind us together and he who can Ehohk
at his fellow~prisoner without seeing some part of himself must
be an animal.

Surely the next man?s frustrations could as easily be your
own and not to have some forebearance for his aggravation is to
denounce your own as being equally unworthy of consideration. For
whether you know it or not we are a.total community and as mem-

.‘ here we must suffer together or alone the collective pangs that
grow with prolonged frustration.

’ This is a condition that has long characterized the prison
life and like it or not we are thrown upon each other for comfort
rather than upon ourselves. For we are still the same social
creatures we were before coming here, finding our recognition in
each other, identifying with those persons who like ourselves
shared a common life. How much better were we then than now to
respect each other in his person, bearing with our common frus-

li‘ trations, crediting one another with the merit that can be found

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CASTLE 1972 PAGE 2

 in any man. Would not our stay in prison be less frustrating and
more dignified?

Apparently to endure prison with dignity is not for'revery
man. But none will deny that he who does is indeed a man, a ma—
ture man. For dignity has no distinction other than that it ris-
es above adversity and no man can call himself dignified if he
deals in the same counterfeit coin he complains of. It is the
mark of inmaturity to stoop to practices that you deplore in oth—
ers and your behavior tells the world that the hair on your face
belies a full measure of manhood. If you must vent your frustra—
tions at the expense of your brother, You are "going it alone"
and your frustrations must become worse. For to use others as
you would not like to be used yourself is more disrespectful to
your sense of dignity than to theiris. Any man who undercuts his
dignity by preying on others only lessens his manliness while at
the same time increasing his load of frustration. For a man is
only freed from his frustrations by the wholesome quality of his
outlets and neither by stretching the rules of life for ourselves
or stepping on others do we come to a state of well-being.

To practice this form of manliness under other conditions is
difficult; to practice this discipline while in prison is almost
superhuman. At least in the beginning. It is only in looking
back on yourself and realizing that because of your personal ef-
fort you are indeed a better man than conditions call for that
pride in what you did not do, because of pride in what you are.
All civilized men share this quality. Only savages give in to
the moments? impulse. It is left to each of us whether we see
ourselves as civilized or savage. ******

In this issue we have a message from Mr..Cottringer-to the
inmate population that I want to call your attention to. Mrr-Cott
ringer is interested in any response that you may have from this
message. SEE PAGE

With this being leap year and probably almost all of us not
knowing its origin I would like to pass on this piece of informa-
tion I ran across recently.

Scotland's rightmfisted government declared in 1288 that lad
ies of "both highe and lows estait” shall have the privilege.of
proposing during leap years. The Scots saw the custom as,a sure
way of taking spinsters off the welfare rolls and-adding axlittle
extra loot to the till. If a man refused the marriagenoffer, he
was fined as much as onewpoundnuunless he could show that another
woman had prior claim on his affections.

France reportedly passed a similar law, giving the ladies of
Florence and Genoa this distinct advantage before Columbus sailed
to America. That probably is why old Chris was in such an all fir
ed hurry to get out to sea.

In the continuing struggle for a better and more enlighten;
ing publication, we need stories9 articles, ideas, poetry, com-
ments or just plain letters of opinion from you inmates. Outside
readers and subscribers are also invited to submit letters to the
Ed.itor, containing questions, comments and etc.

Finally, IVm sure that Mr. Hubbard knew better than to ask,
But curiosity must have gotten the best of him. "Chas, why did
you draw those foot tracks across every page? DuRain's face lit
up like a 200 watt bulb as he started with, ”Well, you see, there
was this uncle of mine. Uncle Ott. He was my drinking uncle on
my mother’s side, and.....!"

"Never mind W cried Mr. Hubbard as he fled from the CASTLE
office, nearly stepping on my hand as he left. q ‘

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CASTLE 1072 PAGE?

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BRIDGING A GAP
By: William S. Cottringer

I would like to take a few lines to try and bridge the cred-
ibility gap between us caseworkers and you residents. As case-
workers, we have the responsibility of managing all your affairs
from evaluating your progress towards rehabilitation to chebking
your account. However, this management responsibility goes a
little beyond just taking care of your personal matters and writ—
ing reports, it also involves the constructive treatment of your
criminality. '

This treatment, or behavior modification as it iseotherwise
known, is primarily aimed at maintaining desireable behavior and
eliminating undesireable behavior. As such, the treatment in-
evitably includes denials of some of the” things; you think we
should be doing for you. It should be, firmly established and
clearly understood that these denials are carefully based on what
we feel is the best and most expedient way of correcting the bar
havior which hinders your successful social adjustment in che
free world. Thus, when we turn you down for something we are not
taking our frustrations out on you or trying to be unnecessarily
hard to get along with, but rather trying to do ELjOb with mean-
ingful purpose and accomplish something for your long range bene-
fit.

In conclusion, I would like to ask you to give us a chance
and allow us to work with you——=—after all we really are for you.
Incidently, we‘ll try to stop "checking it out" if you quit call~
ing your second girl friend your aunt. Your response 'will be
welcomed.
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THE WAY I SEE IT

The biggest need in corrections today is for people to be
less cynical about one another and about the citizens, possibil—
ity of changing the system, and for everyonen-cacitizens and cor~
rections personnel and prisonersam—nto stop looking for scape-
goats. We need to start by not blaming anyone for being cynical
or looking for scapegoats. Instead, we need to see the implica-
tions of cynicism and scapegoating.

A second need is to recognize that we doth need to wait for
large new inputs of money to start having a correctional system
that is humane and that works. Right now there are a myriad of
policies and behaviors we can change by people merely sitting
down and talking together and thus see each other in a new per-
spective.

The attitude that people have toward one another, while may-
be the most critical ingredient of any correctional setting, can
only be constructive in a place where the other personal needs of
education and training are met. But even while we wait for cer-
tain programs and facilities, much can be improved now as the
current atmosphere of punishment and scapegoating is; allowed to
become one of mutual respect and as we use existing resources in—
stead of abusing and ignoring them.

We don’t have to wait for some future time for, changes to
occur, even while we accept that waiting for certain things is a
necessary part of reality. Seeing things in new ways costs only
that we see ourselves asspart of the whole~~~not as the whole it-
self, or as nothing. While thinking in new ways is sometimes
hard, it is also sometimes easy and it is not costly in compari~
son to the alternatives, and can always happen today.

Bob Redmon .‘

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CASTLE 1079 DAR? I.

an

 PRISON CHANGE AND REFORMmeA CAUTIOUS GLACIER
By: Dr. Norval Morris

Some men are in cages; others are paid to watch them; others
are paid to watch the watchers; and yet others, myself included,
are employed to give advice on 'how the whole confused 'system
should work. And at this time, for a variety of reasons, there
seems to be axgreat flood of advice being given, many state and
federal commissions of inquiry being pursued, and a general feel-
ing that the winds of change may soon blow through the prisons of
this country. There are some encouraging signs. The prison pop»
ulation has been steadily and substantially declining over the
past few years, with increasing skepticism about its utility. Few
voices are raised in support of the traditional mega-prison, and
by that I mean any institution that holds one thousand or more
prisoners. To a degree, federal and state systems begin some
cautious experimentation towards increasing contacts between the
prison and the community. You may well think that all this has,
been attained at the speed of a cautious glacier, and you may be
right, but at least there would appear to be movement in the
right direction. '

Many of us are now working on m. National Commissidn.to set
Standards and Goals for the Criminal Justice System. You will
not be astonished to learn that this Commission will be reporting
prior to the election, for you appresiate that over the past de—
cade problems of crime have come to have increasing political
significance in this country. This is probably a desirable devel-
opment, since you must admit that correctional reform does-not
have allarge constituency and does not attract a large number of
votes.

What we are trying to do on this National Commission is not
to phase another list of uplifting and benevolent generalities
but rather to state a series of precise, narrowlymdefined propo—
sitions by which the police, the courts, and the correctional
systems of this country can begin to test both their level of de-
velopment and their degrees of further advancement. Whether 'we
succeed, you may judge for yourself in the next few months; but I
have no doubt that the effect is worthwhile.

What can you do to help in all this? Not very much, I sup—.
pose. The Commission is in fact doing its best to take a respon-
sible sample of inmate opinion and is consulting such views as
have been responsibly expressed by prisoners and exuprisoners.

There is another development which gives me hope of substan-
tial prison reform in the near future. At last, the legal pro-
fession seems to be becoming more concerned with and more involv—
ed in prison problems. Until the courts abandoned their "hands
off" doctrine, by which they refused to inquire into the exercise
of discretion by correctional administrators including disciplin
ary discretions, judges and lawyers were excluded from consider-
ing prison conditions. Over recent years that doctrine has bro-
ken down completely, and throughout the country, in state after
state, the perspectives of the legal profession are beginning to
push themselves beyond the court stage and into the correctional
stages of criminal justice systems. In the long run I think this
to be a development of quite enormous importance. '

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CASTLE 1079 nnnr :

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A HELPING HAND OVER THE WALL

Film makers and writers have for generations placed people
in one of two categories, the good guys or the bad guys° The bad
are always bad and the good are mostly goodo And in the end,
virtue triumphs over evil,as we all wishfully hope and idealisti-
cally dream it always willo ItYs such a nice, neat, simple way
to eveluate people so that we doth have to come to terms with
man's true complex nature.

Let's face it. Man has two natures struggling, warring, as
gainst each other. In every man's life there are fence—walking
times when winds of influence and providence push him to the left
or to the right°

There are a very few other areas that the members of society
are so quick to frame a one~sided opinion of people as they are
of these confined within the prisons and jails of this country.
They think of us as being almost unacceptable again in normal so-
ciety. They don't want to give us employment, friendship, or a
fresh start.

’But from the Christian point of view, what is the attitude
they should have toward lawbreakers? How does God look upon men
and women who have been locked away from contact with society?

The judiciary laws of our country ‘are primarily concerned
with how the actions of one individual affect the basic, rights
and property of another individual or group. This is, as it
should be. And so thievery, stealing in all its variations, is
one of the most punishable crimes in society°

In God's outline of how man should behave, as expressed in
His eternal commandments, "thou shalt not steal" is only one out
of ten. There's no red underlining under the eighth commandment,
nor is it set in all capital letterso Heaven regards dishonoring
our parents and coveting our neighbors color TV equal crimes with
snatching a purse. -

Then those who are so prone to condemn and look down upon
the prison inmate must recognize that before God, they are all
guilty, condemned law-breakers, criminals, convicts, and rebels.
"All have sinned and come short of the glory of God.”

What should this awareness of their guilt do for them? It should
humble them and bring home to the heart that they are brothers
with the man behind bars°

What then should the Christiaan position be toward crime
and lawlessness that destroy the property and freedom of others?
The answer to this question involves the basic principle and pur—
pose of penology. That purpose should be, and must be, to re-
structure, educate, and train people for a useful lifeo It is to
change men's thinking and habits, not to satisfy the urge for re-
venge, to have an "eye for an eye“ and a "tooth for a tooth."

Those who are Christians surely know that God's work was not
and is not to punish, but to lift up, to save, to give new mo-
tives to the mind and new hearts to the hopeless.

This must be the work of society in order to give a "Helping
hand over the wall." The plant doesn‘t mature when it is stomped
upon or out off from sunlight, nor is a man or woman brought to
social or moral maturity by revengeful punishment. Only the per-
sonal expression of love aaaaa one individual relating to another
individual ----- through words, deeds, and example can affect and
alter the direction of a lawless lifeo

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Offhand, I can't think of anything more significant to the
survival of mankind than a complete understanding of the mating
habits of the common fly.

Because, if there is something a fly likes better than land~
ing on bald heads, its mating. Theylll make love to each other
about anywhere, in garbage cans, outhouses and on your birthday
cake when you are not blowing out the candles.

A fly will not mate when blown about by a wind of 4 miles an
hour, take the word of a University of California insect expert,
who built a special wind tunnel just to louse up flies' love make
ing. He found that with winds;someWhere be-
tween 4 and 6 miles an hour,a:fly puts aside
all thoughts of amour and devotes his atten-
tion to simply hanging on the wall for dear
11:63:.

The Californiaatype fly is not necessa
arily typical of the species. Bea has hung
around the beaches, nested in the beards of
-~«. such strange creatures and developed a) many
" " kinky mating habits he has become a delicate
shadow of his midwest cousins.

You take the Kentucky fly. This hearty
creature needs a h to 6 mile an hour wind
just to rev up a good pucker and a 60~mile~
an-hour gale to get into the mood for social
calling. For practice, they have been known
to tow shanty boats up and down the river
looking for a place to hide 'them from the
other flies.

Other than throwing rocks at them and
swatting anfew with copies of our newspaper,
just to demonstrate to subscribers how useu
ful it is, I don't believe’ in mistreating
flies. The fly is a kind of badge of civil»
ization because he flourishes "best around
the noble works of man. He makes a valuable
contribution.

Without flies it would be hard to tell whether some of the
inmates around here were dead or alive. They are also the first
to alert you that you need a bath.

 

Bob Redmon

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GASTLE 1972 PAGE 7

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PAROLE:
PARADOXES, PROBLEMS AND INEQUITIES

Parole, like much of our criminal justice system, is under
the public spotlight for the first time in its hiStory. As the
final phase of a non~working system, parole around the nation is
encrusted with paradoxes, problems, and inequities.

Parole was initially created as part of progressive penology
It was to permit a man to spend some of his time on the streets
if his prison behavior warranted release.

The theory has not worked for several reasons: (1) No judge
can determine, at the time of sentencing, the amount of time it
will take for an individual to resume a place in society. Sen-
tencing is based on the crime committed rather than the individ-
ual's pattern of behavior. (2) People are dehumanized and brutal
ized in the prison experience and there is no correlation between
prison behavior and street performance. Subsequently, there is
practically no meaningful criteria for people to use as a guide-
line. With an understanding of these basic deficiencies, I would
still like to make some suggestions for parole to consider Within
the context of the current systemo (1) Parole Boards must begin
to abide by the law. All to often an inmate becomes eligible for
parole but is denied by the Board because of "the nature ‘of the
crime." It is not the Parole Board‘s task to uphold the verdict
of the courts, but to determine an inmate's readiness for society
(2) Prison rules and procedure are so archaic and simplistic that
prison violations---which frequently can be used as marks against
a con---parole is insistent that a prospective parolee have a job
waiting for him-—-or reasonable assurance of a job. It is absurd
criterion for a man's adjustment. It is virually impossible for
an inmate to make arrangements for a decent job in the competi—
tive market. Subsequently, the inmate accepts a job offer which
is unsatisfactory, merely to make parole° His post-release sit-
uation, invariably, places him in a social atmosphere which will
rekindle the fire of anger. We have come to recognize that most
released inmates need much in addition to a job. The adjustment
process from an institution to a fast—moving society is so great
that a pre-occupation for employment can serve as a barrier for
the released inmate. Employment is indeed an important part of a
man's return to society. It is not his sole need and should not
be held up by parole as a weapon or a threat ————— but as a.route
which will permit his readjustment.

After a man makes parole and goes to the streets, he again
confronts irrelevance and contradiction. (3) Parolees are in
continual jeopardy of being returned to prison. The threat hangs
heavy. Many of the rules are imposed morality, aspects of modern
living for Which no other citizen would be imprisoned. (h) Re—
porting for parolee is more of a ”check" by the parole officer
than a ”help" to the parolee. Developing this thought, it is al—
so true that the parolee's relationship to his parole officer is
a dubious one. For example, if a parolee is drinking or using
drugs, but wants "off" he can hardly turn to his parole officer
for help, since the parole officer could begin the process for
violation of parole. The parole officer you turn to in time of
trouble can lock you up for your confidence.

i905 (Continued on next page)
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CASTLE 1972 PAGE 8

mental‘lm":

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 It must be asserted, in fairness to many of the concerned
parole officers, that parole inherits the disaster of Correction.
Revising parole procedures, in a vacuum, without zeroing in on
its relationship to the entire system would be as productive as a
course on birth control at a monasteryo

The interesting thing to note is that crime does not;seem to
be reduced by parole as it is currently practicedo

Certainly, men released from institutions could use agencies
which provide guidance and assimilation back into societyo Parole
is not serving that function» The administrative accumulation of
parole, around the country today9 serves its own bureaucratic
needssmore than the needs of the greater community.

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The cost of keeping an adult offender in at state institution is
about six (6) times as great as that to keep him under parole su-
pervision, and fourteen (1h) times as great as that required to
supervise him on probationo Based on current per capita cost, it
is estimated that it takes $11,000 a year to keep a married man
in prison. This figure includes the inmateis loss of earnings,
the cost to tax—payers if his family has to go on relief, and the
loss of taxes he would payo Compare this to the national average
cost of 38 cents and 88 cents per day for probation and parole
supervision respectively, or an average of less than $365 a year.

Chamber of Commerce
of the United States

       

   
   

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EX~OFFENDERS AND EMPLOYMENT:
THE HIGH COST OF THE REVOLVING DOOR

Most authorities agree that the lack of meaningful employ-
ment opportunities has been a major contributing cause, to the
rising crime rate and the high rate of recidivism, and, in turn,
to the increasing cost of crimeo Unless assimilation into com-
munities is facilitated by the availability of suitable jobs,
corrections will continue to be a wasteful and high cost "revolv-
ing door" system under which nonndangerous offenders serve what
is virtually a life sentence on the installment plan---largely
because of the obstacles in the way of stable, worthwhile employ-
ment. ,
Ex-offenders can be trained and placed in employment, re—
gardless of previous education or the nature of their crime; when
ex-offenders are placed in appropriate jobs, their rate of recid~
ivism is two to three times less than that of exnoffenders who do
not receive job assistance; Exmoffenders with better paying jobs
are much less likely to be recidivists than those with part—«time
jobs or lower-paying jobs; and, independent of work experience in
prison, if the released offender gets a remunerative job on re-
lease and is able to keep it for at least six months, the proba-
bility of recidivism declines.

Public and employer attitudes, laws, and licensing regula—
tions bar ex-offenders from employment. Too often, the govern-
ment which urges the ex-offender to pursue a normal law-abiding
life is the same government that bars the way to that pursuit. By
reason of various state statutes, certain manufacturers cannot
employ convicted felons.

Employer attitudes toward ex-offenders remain the most diff-
icult to counter because they are not written in any formal guide
lines, SlCh as those found in bonding and union or license re—
quirements. Since employment opportunities for the rehabilitated
offender are an effective tool in the national effort to prevent
crime, policies governing company employment practices should be
reviewed and revised to encourage the hiring of SlCh offenders,
especially when they are qualified by education and training for
the jobs available. For example, employers may want to consider
eliminating questions regarding prior criminal records from job

-applications.

If, upon examining this aspect of the job application, com-
pany policy dictates that such questions are necessary, confiden-
tiality of the information should be assured in all cases, and
the applicant should be informed that such information does not
mean he will not be considered for the job if he is otherwise
qualified. Probation and parole officers can be extremely help-
ful in discussing the background and overall adjustment needs of
the ex-offender with the prospective employer. Maximum benefit
from the work experience can be derived for both the employer
and the employee when these things are taken into consideration.

*_*-*_$_*—*—*-*_*—#—*~*_$-*-*_*-*-*”*m*-*~*_*-*-*-*m*_*—*_*-*-*—*

Of the three components of the criminal justice system (police,
courts, and corrections), corrections is the most critical. Yet
it is the least visible and the least understdod part of the
system.

U08. Chamber of Commerce
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CASTLE 1972 PAGE 10

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1972

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CASTLE

 WHAT IS FREEDOM?

There are many who have a complete misconcept of what free=
dom actually is. These mismguided people think that freedom
means that one can do whatever he pleases without any restraints
what-so-evero They believe that as long as they are expressing
their will, that within the context of being free, they have li»
_cense to do anything. This is a gross misinterpretation of what
freedom really means.

Freedom is a cherished American tradition. It is a way of
life which we enjoy in our nation, which has been paid for by the,
spilt blood of many who value it so much that they fought and »
many died for it. 1 g

The essence of freedom is the opportunity to choose one's
way of life. This ability to choose enables one to have s.hand
in his own destiny by the decisions which he makes. Man can seek
to fulfill his ambitions and in somdoing Will find that he will
accept discipline and restrictions in order to reach his object~
lives 0

Thus freedom operates within a context of self~discipline.
One must discipline himself to be really free.

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WHERE DO FREEDOMS LEAD US?

If abused, freedom can lead to enslavement. Most of the
freedoms guaranteed by the U08° Constitution are taken for grant—
ed. Consequently, some of the liberties enjoyed by previous gen~
erations of Americans have either been drastically modified, or

' have been lost.

Take freedom of speech, for example° t is guaranteed by
the Constitution. And efforts to curb irresponsible use of free
speech have been knocked down at all levels of the judicial sys—
tem. While free speech (oral and written expression) is neces»
sary to protect the dignity of man, it can also be used to des~
troy the dignity of man.

One of the ironies resulting from the system of government
which "guarantees“ rights necessary for a country to be a nation
of free men is that those political freedoms have been used to
deprive individual citizens of soccalled constitutional rights.
Many Supreme Court decisions over the past 25 years have reversed
previous decisions, thereby playing havoc with freedoms once enu
joyed by U.S. citizens. The question which evenually must be re"
solved is whether government exists to serve a1country9s citizens
or whether citizens exist to serve the Statea

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Too often the price you pay for crossing bridges before you get

to them is twice the toll.

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CASTLE 1972 PAGE 12

 WHEN TRAGEDY STRIKES

Recently, an inmate of San Quentin last a 15 year ol