xt7rjd4pm23r https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7rjd4pm23r/data/mets.xml Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 1944  journals  English Lexington, Ky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Kentucky fruit notes, vol. 2, No. 7, May 1944 text Kentucky fruit notes, vol. 2, No. 7, May 1944 1944 2012 true xt7rjd4pm23r section xt7rjd4pm23r Vol. 2 May, 1944 NO_ 7
4l W. D. Armstrong, Horticulturist, Editor
`  
PEACH THINNING on txvigs 12 inches long and three
> a — —
· By w. D. ARMSTRONG la.? °s§Ei$?n§`Vi€is1ii$§i$SKill? ileis
° The untimely heavy freezes and loleseslloe t°_oote how leaolly a
V, frosts of early April reduced the Ken- slew can bs llolneo to use lt· _
t tucky peach crop prospects; however, Several _rs¤s¤t m€th0dSi ¤S1¤B
_ A number Of gt.0“.eI.S may stm have short sections of rubber hose to
; a full crop and a heavy thinning job. knock on and olsl0dg€_S0m9 Of 'fh€
The Original bud emp was the heeV_ fruits, have been described and are
t test in years and the peeehes being used w1th some success. Others
 · bloomed earlier than in several lsilgitsln$‘§é;P€%_3kP¥6€t§€ Qf MIR?
. ygay _ IO YI S IC S IH IHHIU .
. ' Ttie nmsheet Ot it neeeh cme the Eison orchard, n_ear_Paduca%1, the
brings to mind the laborious fruit stlok Ynolnoo Of thmmng has been
thinning operation that is ahead if nsoo for ssysrsl YEQYS and IS €0¤·
~_ the crop suffers no further cold or slooleo sa_USfnClo¥`Y End T8Pld· A
frost damage. The current. labor SU`sn_gnt Stick O? 3_ D1€9€ Cut fY01’¤ H
shortage will make the operation dif- sapllng about ei" in d13m?t€1` and 5
ficult and it will bc up te the feet long IS used. One end is flattened
"  growers to work out their labor dnhn to 6 l0¤S 0V31~_ W€dg€·Sh3D€d
problems and decide on a method of Point that can bs €3S1lY 1¤S€i`t€d b€·
` thinning that will enable them to l“'€€¤ P€€¤€h€$ Bild 1¤'f0 l3Yg€ CIUS-
‘ cover the greatest number of trees WTS and D81‘t_ sf 'fh€m d1Sl0dg€d
Y in the time available. The old sys- Simply l>>‘_Y¤1`¤1¤g this Siiffk- Wh€1'€
‘ ‘ ‘ wm or hand thinning is slow and peaches imc both sides of a twig.
while satisfactory in normal times s11_¤>¤ sms side can bedislcdgsd by
1011 tl can hardly bg dgpgndgd upgn gy]- Q·L1ICkI§` 1`bllJl)lIlgtI'l€ StlCl( 3IOIlg {ITIS
APW V tirely by the large grower in 1944. Edo. {SIMS 1`€1T1%V€S halfd USB fliuitt
_   Time to Thin ie o ers can e space y sior
t ust . . . . . uick movements of the stick. It
aulnle. i . Mush lnlnnlng ln Geolegla ls none should be pointed out that this is not
worn I ln the Pink ono and blossom stage a beating or thrashing practice but
  the     the hand and Ubloushl, rather 3 rubbing and   ()p€]'8— '
but it » msthsd- Thess msthsds wsfk satis- tion that when used by s Cassini
them, fsctsrily ln seotlons not frequently operator does very little bruising of
It 1`cl navlng el”oP‘Yeollolng flosls ol` twigs and foliage. This method is
y and t frsszss sftsr blossolnlng ln msst suggested for trial. After a crew has ‘
Bd. it other seetlons tlllnnlng ls genelally been instructed, the owner can soon
ry! done between the time of the June ptek ent the Ones whe are taking te
drop and pit hardening time. Tests tt The Others een then he given
ln llllnols and olllel states have additional instruction or put to thin-
Shown that while the greatest bencnt ning h`. et different method Ot. put at
nk is   frfotn the zarlteiti thgnning, some other g\,Ot.k_
rlshtnk CDC IS C21!] C IH 1 llllllllllg IS _ · - » , V
siting 4 dm Msht on Us *0 hsosst time iis?b2‘Z?$‘2L°%$?€iiltifaltcilliiitlials
lol do Th¤¤¤¤¤¤ Methods blossomed and set before pruning.
sci Qt ‘ 'One should follow a rather deli- Then at pruning time the fruit can `
Qld n· llltc method of thinning to insure a be thinned also by clipping out heav-
°ol`n‘_ Slmcing of the fruits that will permit ily fruited twigs and small limbs.
mY ol Sfttisfactory development. Then after this type of thinning iS
'“'nn· _ Asimplc rule of thinning followed done a small amount of touch-up
_Wol`e 111 Some states is as follows: Leave by other methods is needed.
—allol`e 0YlC peach on twigs 6 inches in Even where pruning has been done
t gmx lifngth and less, leave two peaches earlier, some growers prefer to take
BULLETIN OF THE KENTUCKY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT
STATION, LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY `

 ‘l
l i hand shears, lopping shears or even made by government workers with c
pole pruners with them at thinning the very limited amount now avail- t
time to open up thick fruit clusters able for non-military use. In the first r
t and places ahead of the regular thin- test against the apple codling moth v
ning crew. by the United States Department of c
_ The disadvantage [0 this latg cmu- Agl`1CUllUl'C Ht VlY\CCflIlCS, Illdiflhil, lll 5
bined thinning and pruning opera- 1943 D D T gave excellent results _ s
tion is that it requires the removal and was considered one of the most · (
‘ of eorisidersble foliage and if this promising materials ever tested.  · c
` is Continued far into Jung and to lV[O1’C CXtCt`ldCCl tests ‘\Vi]l be made `  l
excess, has a devitalizing effect upon this year. The materiall isdefgectivti l
T the trees. against eggs, worms, an a u ts ant  . t
Spacing Fruit as both a contacH_and stomach p'oi—  2  
Much has been written and said Soiiblnsfcts Clgxlqghoii {ho aizifiilij  _ Q
, about distance between spaced fruits. stiilldgg   fi i kiiijitfxcilig (I _   ‘
This iispsiiiis iiiiiis Oii the iyiis iii Etiicditaf `me t$»i.a. the· it itt`1.§ = T
. soil and its productivity than on any , H _   S _ _ 1 Dim? qu _‘,_  g
gensrai wie. Five or six inch spar- lla s,°‘us°‘°_°‘is s°‘°‘“ ,"‘_ _‘ { ,f,· _
ing is usually thought of as satis- HH?   S,-O1 aciccgs §1C,i$O`Ii)1;&;C(_`  
factory, but some productive soils bcgbkiggigfcgyelgndcamgsqlxitgcs    
  me up i“°i€ ami and thm Solis wen as many pism lice, squash buss, L
Where fruit is in clusters near me and other pests difficult to control.  7
base of twi¤s fruit can be left Them is ·alSQ good °g‘°i°‘,1°? limi U
¤i¤Si>i‘ iiigsiiisr iiiii siiii Size up iiiiii gels £§§mp§‘iiiZi?$Si€Titi§`°i¥2f?a.t’3t i
when the fruit is distributed au_up that extensive tests will have to he ,
and dgwn the twig? In other iii¤i(i1Ctii07l? taliledbrghgt for
rhitn Secondary] infccfions. The last few spray should be started earlierr Thug;
S seasons ave siown that there is is b th 1 t · · ’
most enough moisture following heavy urstyof€Juil1i.Vir(i€liregIar1r;/{8%] Or the
ated. dews and during cloudy periods fol- russeting it should b · O Spray
iade lowing brief showers and on high that the trees in thee aiigodgged Out
tive humidity days for bitter rot spores test were Golden Delicious a gliiqay
and to germinate and cause infection. the ones that received the sp b at
Doi- Since there was very little rain to deaux sprays at 2-week i tx Oi-
l}'(‘fl $pl3Sh and SDI`C8d thc   rot- starting Jul-l€ 7 \V€I`€ I]Ot run etrila S,
dry . s1Pores gboukt, it is further proof that a result and had an excellesiit? Surg}?
fave  · 185 an ot er insects played a large at ha· * t. It ' · . ·
t on » part in spreading bitter rot infections geneiiaili; that 1i·iiS§li1n§f1§r?g1§€d·{nOr€
after  Y in 1943. Itseems that the very favor- seting on Golden Delieiou tmbms-
Ned. C able_cond1tions for the development doug when Sprays are 3   Qing
;hcs_ ~‘ of bitter rot that result from very the humidity is high ggylgigxkeoiln
L as , light showers and humid, steamy ditions a ' —
mugs, · days have been generally overlooked ture is agoiigoltlozipdaitsige tgigiperg-
gg; i lgyktgroxveirs in studying outbreaks of caustic sprays in the pink and galyg
_ . , 1 er ro. stages. And furthermo th
l1¤· - In general growers were not is little dan, rg at there
_ _ = _ » _ _ ger of r t th '
~?*ilb> E aware of bitter rot infections in 1943 by Spraying it witllisiixiggal -5-6ff$(i
0 )ei until the Spots Started ghgwing 0n bO1`d€3L1X SpI`HyS after it reaches an
¤$°= _ the fruit about mid-June or early ibbb OF S0 in diameter, if dryin¤
_` July. _The presence of visable fruit conditions are good. c
  . infectionstis tootolftersi the signal for The recommendation then for the
- , a grower o star or eaux sprays to grower who had ·' b'
mer- prevent further infections. This is trouble in 1943 vvoiiéllcloblg toltggrtriii
it l> basically the improper procedure, late May or very earlv June and
iaxe _ for repeated_ tests have conclusively apply four applications. of -f-6-100
shown that if one waits until bitter strength bordeaux at 10-dav inter-
_ @02 spots clan hte ?en on the fihiit vals.] This period would probably
eore s ar 1n¤ or eaux sprays. ie over ap the fourth · · ~ r f '
disease _can neaver be checked as sat- first-brood codling riibthl ;1'?é3g)l`OCl;I;
isfactorily as when the sprays were ably the first spray for second-brood
_ started before lI11`OC.tl.OllS_\VCI`€ vis- codling moth. Where this is the case,
I 1 Q A ible. The same condition 1S`tl`UC but it should be understood that arsenate
1;;; i totan even greater extient with black of lead is generally added to the
A ro on grapes; IH w ich case, the bordeaux sprays whenever the spray ‘
SSE -° g;l£${Eill; $1b¤`¤>'S 81`0 8l>l>l1€d just as is to be effective against codling
wh ’ ${*1 $· _ moth. also. Our word of warnin¤
E\;];a_ · Extenswe tests of new materials would be to never wait until you se;
F8 in have thus far produced nothing as the first bitter rot spots if you ex- "
 . effective against bitter rot as stand- pect to control the disease. The suc-
t bib Zll`Cl`bOl'CiQHLlX mixture that is made ccssful fight against bitter rot is
wot, , up fresh 1n the spray tank from cop- chiefly a preventative rather than a
mid_ per sulfate (bluestone) and limo or cure after the disease has broken out.
mgm from stock SOlLlllOI'lS. The tendency Where the disease does get a start
Cn in Eats beenkin orchards known to have and spots can be seen, the recom-
Cum. 1 er ro , to start special bordeaux mended procedure. as in the past, is
, dl-y . 5l>1_`ayS about the middle of Juno but to spray immediately with -1-6-100
mid. evidence secured in 1943 indicated bordeaux covering the infected trees _
that earlier spraying should be bono- and those near them to try and check
hou-- gvial. In a bitter rot spray test at the spread of the disease, and to pick
txceug Wensboro, where the first bordeaux off and destroy as much of the spot-
* and was applied on June 7 and followed ted fruit as possible. This spray
state. by tive more sprays at 2-week in- should be repeated at least twice at
very t@l`V3l$, the disease was not satis- weekly intervals to build up a cop-
nocu— taetorily controlled. One test tree per deposit that will be at least
lutbfé gb? lsot the first spray on June 7 partially effective against the spread
an U ad no later sprays had only of the disease.
3

 i
l THE PLUDI CURCULIO early July to speed up the emergence n
S¤r¤»~r¤<>N Elrlll i2‘.;l‘.l3.il§"?F if ll3;"§?;.l§ll‘5l 2
second-brood curculio area, it woulil  · 2
P· O- RITCHER {md be well for all Kentucky peach men i t
W. D. ARMSTRONG tolkeep éhis weather l`aetor in mind. i a
n s u ying the behavior of new · i ·
The finding of the first 1944 cur- emerged adults in late June ariil ·"  
culios by jarring on April 10 at early July, 1943, it was ohserx·ed i i
Princeton started off the 1944 cur- that 2 or 3 weeks elapsed after the { s
culio season. This issue of the Ken- emergence of adults before thev de- `  
[ueky Fruit Notes will not likely be DOSited eggs. This fact enables `us ll. r
out in time to be of much service wait until a great many of them j
against the first-brood of CLll‘CLll·10. have emerged so that one sprav, well i
However, this is being written with applied, can kill the greatest number 2
the idea of shedding some light on of adults. · ,
second-brood activities and some of In both 1942 and 1943 the vounzt ·
the work recently done in KeniuCkY Cllreulio worms started lenvirlg lllg ’  
regarding this pest. %0llllS_§li`O£)Jl)l‘§l peaclhes and entering . ,
, l, n we ie sor a ou mic- lay. The`se then  _ ,
Wggk   312;% %;dt}lg4%xi)`;g$n$ۤ,t {remained} for sometime in the upper
Station in studying the second—br<>ed 153 1,?.$l€,S dl Sml “'ll¤¤`¤‘ they pu- p
activities of the plum curculio. pil 51 ·tl   dld ¤0t emerge   adults V
Some second-brood curculio were   lh lc =lll91` llftlf of June. Thus  ·
reared in stocked cages each summer °l° was 3 P€`l`l0d {lem lute Nay _
and a great many more were jarred through early June when a great
from the trees Each yéar under qc? many; of these' pupating I curculio .
ual orchard conditions. By making  `O  Caslly klllcd by dl$li1llL{ <·i`
feeding and egg laying observations UO? Jlllg 9lll°5{.€*“>l WDC ef eultiva- »
and by the dissection of adult cur- mchr mf “l_l S ll_ UP Ulf? l9lJ 3 er 4 ,
culios, it was determined that there . C$tO $01 · Tll_lS IS Considered an
was to be a fairly heavy Summer impor aint curculro control practice ·
brood each Of those y€arS· AS a m_ in éneac orchards that are cultivateal —
_ sult of this Work, SDYHY TIOUCCS WCW 3nA 3 gooq mlgummll for Culilwlllllll .
Sent Out recommending that Q _ vnother commercial practice that
r month - before - harvest arsenical ls glfly _Cll€€l1V€ in curcuho center,] i
Spray be applied to wntml these gw epicking up and destruction of
late peach Worms. Each yea,. 3 gmat Al \\(?1l11y 'peach drops early in l\’l'A;iyl
majority of peach gI'OW€I`S lll WGS? . SO SOVYS yllld llllllgly Plgs i'l~lllll11l;£
ern Kentucky applied this lam Spray Ubilfl 0lCl'ldlCi at that tlme will ele-  -
and, in general, secured excellent Sl,1?gLl;§’\llL¥;;;’;%m<;lll°€lC€l €l1i{>l>S· ‘
curculio control. In one block of El- _ l N`; *l— TS 0 €lll`¤‘_U 10 t‘<>1Vl~ ,
berm new Mayfield the mOmh_bC_ trol work are being continued in
fOI_€_ha1_V€St Spray reduced the Cm,_ _944 and information as to our tintl»
CUHO infestation to 3 perccnh In an ings will be forwarded to_the peach
adjoining block Of UEGS Of the Same grower in the spray service letters.
' age where this spray was nothap- ———
lied, due to abor shortage, t ere
iivas 11 percent of_wf>rmyC§rui1ii Tgis AMMONIUM NITRATE. THE
late spray not on y re uce ie 4- y M A T
worm injury to the peach crop but NL? Nlll“lGl~N
killed onidail numbler of the adults PERTILIZER
that wou ave ot erwrse gone in 0
winter quarters to be on hand to BY W· D· ARMSTRONG
cause more trouble in the spring of Duc to wm. Conditions and Shm_t_
194% ages most of the regular forms ot
In 1943 the influence of summer nitrogen previoulsy in general use.
rainfall on the emergence of curculio such as nitrate of soda, sulphate of
was again demonstrated. On two oc-. ammonia or calcium cyanamid will
casions very heavy emergence fol- not be available generally in suffi-
lowed immediately after soaking cient quantities. A new form of nitro-
ralns. This fact has been known for gen known as avmnonium nitrate will
some time and leads to the belief generally be available and at pres- »
that we are apt to have heavier ent prices is a very economical buy.
second-brood curculro injury where This material contains from 32.5%.
we have heavy rains in late June or to 34% nitrogen, which is twice as
4

 nc: much nitrogen as is contained in indeed for them. A low sled some 4
nee 16% nitrate of soda and over 1% feet long was tied immediately be-
tial times as much as is contained in hind the spray tank and the two
·uld 20% sulfate of ammonia. Due to operators sat on the sled as the
nen this high nitrogen content only half spray tank was driven between the
ind as much ammonium nitrate should rows, From this position close to the
  lJe_uS$r Sprhyed the Side ef
wm pwaching those Or a hair and hair the row next to him, thus the two
.vell . mixture of nitrate of soda and sul- OP€¥'6t01`$ €0\'€1`€d 0¤€ Complete mid-
iber ,_ fate of ammonia. It has been tried die and the machine was driven
· extensively in Kentucky and other down each middle throughout the
¤¤§Z i states and has given_ satisfactory re- vinoy;n—(l_ Simple, iry it!
the · stilts on strawberries, tree fruits, ___
lling ` corn, pasttgcs. and cover crops in
len spring an summer applications. * ·
>pcr , Fruit growers and farmers in gen- W OFKOUT OF THE OLD
pu- _ eral can feel free to use this ma- STRAWBERRY PATCH
ults terial without hesitation. Those that
illus have used it report satisfaction at its BY W- D- ARMSTRONG
¤ ay behavior. The number of old strawberr
real One form of ammonium nitrate patches that will be held over thi;
lllio _ is known as "nitraprills." This is the year for another seasons harvest is
{ or Canadian form and is also satis- expected to be larger than usual on
1va- factory, account of the shortage of plants, and
01`4 ——- the prospect for a continuation of
itfill A GRAPE BL `CK ROT goocl prices. How to workout the old
P We _ _ _ _» . - patci after either the first or second
Egg  _ SPRAY S\'S"l‘l!l`I   been a moot question for
tfial By W. D. ARMSTRONG A project covering this phase of
lm . . . . - » - .trawberr culture was started in
All gi ape gioxx cis in the Ixentuclty Q y_ _ _ _
Siu? section are familiar with the diifi- gEgSSL1h;;§1tgiigg4?Ii Higlliarigst gg?
nin¤ why cxhchwnced m - Controlling tional work was done in alIiJ43ath1t
dif black rot disease, especially during _. ‘ _ _ . [ 7 a
_ will Seasons Such as the S ima Or xxill be iecoided in the 19-14_l1arxest.
>. . · h ° The 1943 results were published in
wir 1943. lt is also recognized by grape ue Jul 1943 issue Of HKQ tu k
l in men that considerable spray ma- Fluil Ngted, These recod gecrg
imp terial must be sprayed up into the V} vcd bl_;fi bei V _r S Q ’
ascii ; vines from below rather than applied lilyl _ tl yt_ 01; ‘_ { 1.
luis entirely from above. Due to the low View lh S law guy O lag? Was
·· growth Or vines in Viii€yai.dS_ there mom ed close and the middles worked
has been difficulty in geiririg the out with scratching tools (not barred —
HF spray man to shoot the materials up Oh); th€_ Yield Of the Fsechhd Year
, llirough the Vines iii Order ir) get Blakemore plots was_115 crates per
earnpeie Coverage Oh the bunches acre. Where the berries were mowed
and Oh the lower sidcs Or tlic leaves. similarly but the middles not culti-
ghe Or the best sysierris ih geheral voted, the yield was only 139 crates
use is for the spray {nai] to have a per acre or a loss of 36 crates ofA$6.O0
\V3i@l·-pl·Ogf cO\7Q]_`il']g On his lgft gl~m Stl`2l\Vb€1`1`1€S, b€C3l.lS€ UTQ 1l`t1dCil€S
iei-i_ and shoulder arid to slightly raise iii) were allowed to grow_up wild. Where
s of the vines as the spray is directed the $U`€¤\\'b€l`1`Y ®h€*S€ “'§$ not
usc. under them by the spray noszlo in mowed but the middles woilsed out -—
,o of his right hand This motliod is gen- with scratching tools (no barring off)
Will Craliy effective but is somewhat dis- UIC yltéid WGS _159_ C1`3t€$ D€i` €iCI`€·
mfll- agreeable to the opol·aloi·_ Where no cultivation was done the
itro- After trying out several methods yield was 142 crates or a loss of 17
lvlll Ol grgipg Slglpgylylg W1Lh0[]t 3 great C1`21tCS l)€l` €lCl`€. _ H€3\'y iJH1l1I1g Off 011
orcs- deal of satisfaction, one Kentucky June 1 to SIX- inch strips and these
buy. g1`0Wer, Mr. Joe Bray of Bedford, blocked out with hoes gave a yield ot
2.5*52 Kéliiucky, and his boys, decided on 139 crates per acre while barring-
re as H System that is working very well off one month later (July 1) gave
5

 l ’ only 122 crates per acre, the smallest every apple tree gave a benefit about a
yield of all. This could be consid- equal to 2 cover sprays of lead ar- a
ered a costly delay in working out. senate. However, electrical light xx
These records show conclusively traps are not practical for general fi
that with or without mowing, a orchard use, as yet. g
. scratching type of cultivation for the -—- a
middles with only very slight row _ _ _ __ _ _ _
narrowing gave far superior yields to CONb'I`RU(]1`I()N AND [lb}; 0}* I
either early or_late barring-off. There CODLING MOTH 'l‘l{u\l)S ‘ F
was no essential difference in beiiy · {V
size between the two systems since By W. D. ARMSTRONG “l
approximately the same percent of _ I
each went into the U. S. No. 1 grade. MGUY ¤l>Pl€ 81‘0W¢1‘S have found ll ` [
The yieids ter the uheuitiveted profitable to keep track of codling l
plots were hut Oriiy reduced hut the moth activity in their own orchard  ’ l
fruit was se siueii that most Ot it because the emergence and develop-  _ l
Went inte the Number;] grade Hew_ ment of codling moth differs from - I
ever, more tetei frliit wes produced farm to farm even in the same lo- L l
theh ih either the eeriy Or kite cality. The use of codling moth traps '
herred_0t¤f piets_ Ah Diets were {er, has been found to be one of the best '
tihzed at the rate Of 300 peuhds per methods by which to keep up with » ‘
eere with a 4_i6_4 uiixtui-e_ moth activity. _ The spray service is
As te the eiueuht Of time dud wei-k operating codling moth traps in the t
required, the herriug_Ott with suhse_ main fruit sections and gathers part i
quent workings required far more of lh€‘11‘ l`CDO1`tS from these, but this `
time than to seretehwuitivete the does not fill the complete individual e
middles. Of course, there was no ¤€€d·
labor to the non-cultivated plots ex- _ How to Make Traps: A good trap  _
cept to mow the weeds of`f twice is made of two large-mouth quart
above the strawberry foliage. glass jars wired together and hung
The observations ofthe 1943 work in a tree. Most widely used bait
shows these same trends. Since the traps are now made by using wide- 2
summer of 1943 was unusually dry, mouth quart glass jars (in general
there was rather slow recovery of the USG f0l` l'10In€ canning) with the two-
- barred-off plots and the non-culti- piece or Kcr-top. The flat tin disc is
. vated plots suffered keenly from grass I`€IllO\'€d from the top and replaced
` and weed competition. by a circular piece of hardware cloth '
On the basis of this work to date (3—1nesh per inch or Qt; inch, not
and upon observations and work else- Smaller) cut to fit the circular screw ·
where it seems that a scratching type top. This wire mesh top prevents i
of cultivation started immediately extra large moths and insects from  °
after harvest preferably coupled with €nt€1`in§ t1`¤DS and li€€DS out lC¤\`€s  ’
a close mowing of strawberry foliage and other foreign material. A small `
offers an economical way to encour- piece of wire is twisted about the
age maximum yields. neck of each jar, leaving a loop to the
-t- side. A larger wire hook is then
hooked into the two loops so the jars
POST-WAR POSSIBILITIES hang side by side and either can be V
emptied or filled without disturbing
By P. O. RITCHER the Others .
For the past 2 or 3 years, workers Hanging the Traps in Trees: Traps
in the Federal Bureau of Entomology should be suspended in the extreme
and Plant Quarantine have been try- top of the larger bearing trees and
ing to develop sprays to kill over- foliage should be cut away so that
wintering codling moth worms in the trap is well exposed on one side ‘
their cocoons on apple trees. Results or above. Some foliage should be
obtained to date have been most within l2" of the trap. Traps are
promising. Complete information will suspended from a small pulley or
be published as soon as the details screw-eye attached to a high limb.
are released. The supporting cord should be of
` * * "‘ heavy throwline or light clothesline
It has been known for some time material. When the trap is drawn
that codling moths are attracted to into place, a nail is then driven into »
light traps. The electrocuting types the trunk of the tree near the ground
give the best results. Federal work- and the lower end of the line cut oil
ers have found that a light trap in and looped over this nail. The traps
6

 out are then raised and lowered for ex- fallen so you will catch some of the
ag- amination by usehog aln extra cord first ones that emerge.
g t with a snap attac e t at is carried · · .
eral from tree to_ tree. Ten trapsshould   £g{ggSu;;l§,r?;m_€;;cg$Sd
give a fair pictuge of moth activity in Wm be caught about 10 to 14 days
any Om? Orc li"` · after petal fall. Moths start egg-
)F Kinds of Bait and Methods Used: laying Ohe 0I` tW0 _d8YS Bite? they
If available, dark brown sugar is emerge it the €V€h1¤g t€mDef3tu1‘eS
~ preferred as bait. If this is not avail- Elm 60° OY ¤h0V€ and. in general, 9825
able any heavy sorghum or cane Staft hdtchihg ih 10 to I4 days in
molasses will do. The bait is made Sliflhg if t€mli>€1`8t\}1‘€ StHyS 60° or
d it up using nine parts of water to one ¤hO\'€· Th€1`€t0F€. if YOUF tf8DS SPG
[ing ~ part of dark brown sugar (No. 12 or UD €¤1`lY €h0¤gh to Catch 50me Of the
{no 13) or molasses. This will take about m`$t m0th$ te €m€Y8€» Y0t{ can €XD€€t
lOp_ two pounds of Sugoi- to two and one- a few worms to be hatching in 10 to
Yom half gallons of water. At the first 14 diiys- A SDTGU should be put 071 Gt
l0_   bait ghguld bg mixed forty- IIIC IITNC UIC ]’17'S[ 'UJOTTTLS CITE supposed
{ips _ eight hours before traps are filled. T9 lt¤t€lt·_ Often m0th €8t€heS COH-
gm . One yeast cake should be dissolved tinue te increase rapidly for 10 days
Vnn and added to aid start of fermenta- tf) 2 'Wj[?€k5 ;t&€§1 t`11‘St 1it8;`t;d· iI`h€
Q is ~ non ieavies egg a c usua y a espace
the At first mlmg each jar is mlcd On€_ 10 to 14 days after the heaviest catch
Dart half full. In ten to fourteen days the fjyfea Spray Should be epplled at that
this bait from one jar is poured into the '
lual ‘ other jar and the empty one filled Therefore, the traps should help a
with fresh material. Add twelve grower get a spray timed to go on
trap drops of natural oil of sussajras to just ahead of first worm hatch and
uart , each quart of fresh bait after nlling also just ahead of the peak worm
ung trap. Each ten to fourteen days the hatch. These two, first brood sprays
bait bait in the old side of the trap is following a good calyx spray should
ide- poured out and replaced with fresh go a long way toward cutting down
eral bait. This keeps a newer bait and the hrst brood attack. If trap catches
;wo- one ten days older in the traps at all continue heavy over a period or if
sc is times and makes them uniformly cool weather disturbs the emergence
aced more attractive to the moths. In case and flight an extra spray may be in-
cloth the traps are flooded or the bait badly dicated.
not diluted by a_rain, the best plan is to In a like nqanngr tl-aps can bg Op-
zi-ew renew all baits. grated during June and early July to
Qehti Examining Traps and Recording obtain similar data on the second
imm Catches: Most codling moths ily at brood. One should keep in mind,
8**55 dusk on warm evenings (60° and however, that during the warm
mall above at sundown) and during the weather of late June and early July
the night. The traps should be examined the codling moth eggs start hatching
> the by nine o'clock each morning. The in 5 to 10 days, hence sprays should
theh tops of the traps are unscrewed and follow peak flights more closely than
Jiil`5 the moths which will be floating on during the first brood. -
nlbe top of the bait should be removed _....
’b1¤g with a screen wire dip or an old _
tablespoon with narrow slots made NATIONAL PEACH COUNCIL
`ra s in its bottom with a hacksaw. The 7 w
yenlie number of codling moths caught FEBRUARX MEETING
Hlld should be I`€CO1`d€(I HHCI tl\€ bait \\Y_ \\’_ MAQILL, Lgxjngtgiy Ky_
that stirred at each examination. Codling _
side lnoths can be easily identified after The meeting of the National Peach
d be \'€l`y little experience and with very Council in St. Louis, February 23-24,
L are little instruction. A helper can be was called by the l`€t1l`-lllg president, ~
y or tdught to examine the traps and can Carrol Miller of Martinsburg, West
limb. do so regularly each morning at a Virginia, and was attended by 59
ie of Very slight loss of time from his other delegates from 18 {leading peach
sline duties. Daily examination of traps is states, producing 77% of the U._S.
rawn advised; for when moths are left in peach crop, which made the meeting
into for two days many sink to bottom by far the most complete assemblage
ound and others become weathered and of United States peach growers on
it off h31`d to identify. Start operating bait record. Mr. Frank Street., of Hender-
traps t1`¤DS right after apple petals have son, and 1 represented Kentucky.
'7 .
" ... :,

 i t  
  -
Agricultural Experiment
Station
gf the Penalty for private use to avoid
V UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY payment of postage $$00.
LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY
Thomas Cooper, Director
FREE-ANNUAL REPORT OR »
BULLETIN OR REPORT ·
OF PROGRESS
 
` The National Peach Council was Council, the following temporary as-
organized February 7, 1942, at Char- sessments were agreed upon: $300.00 ,
lotte, North Carolina, by growers per state producing more than a mil-
from eight Southeastern states, to lion bushels (California, Colorado.
give the peach industry a united sin- North Carolina, South Carolina. Ar- "
gle effective voice in Washington, to kansas, Illinois, Michigan, New Jer-
work toward the solution of such sey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia), and
PF0b1€mS 85 DEW m3Fk€'fS find ¤€W $100.00 per state producing less than
bY·P1`0du€TS» and to C001‘dmat€ the a million bushels (Kentucky, Indi-
work that several peach states were ana, Delaware Maryland Mlsaaal-l_
doing in advertising and promotions. Ohm, Tennessee, Washirlgtrmv and
The new ohicers elected were: West Vj;—gmj;l)_
David Perring Centmhat Iumoisi Carrol Miller was employed on a
Pmsldent _ part-time basis, to keep closely in
TI`a_Y H· CI`1bb»_SPaYt8I}buYg¤ South touch with authorities at Washington.
€=¤¤h¤¤· First VM P¤>s¤ds¤t- gspcaaiiy me om and wm, as rc-
Charles B. Weeks, Bre¤tw<>0d, gards