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 E/ectriciy
Average electricity costs in Kentucky were 4.1 cents/kilowatt—hour in 1996, the
second lowest in the United States behind a Northwestern hydro state.
Production
Kentucky produced 157.7 million tons of coal in 1996, compared to the record
production of 179.4 million tons set in 1990. Kentucky has been one of the top
three coal producers in the United States for the last 50 years.  
Emgloyment  
The Kentucky coal industry paid $814.6 million in direct wages in 1996, directly  
employing 19,372 persons and indirectly providing an additional 59,686 jobs in
1996.
Economy r
The Kentucky coal industry brought $3.1 billion into Kentucky from out-of-state
during Fiscal Year 1996-1997 through coal sales to customers in 29 other states
and 15 foreign countries.
Kentucky coal companies paid $163.2 million in coal severance taxes in Fiscal Year
1996-1997.
Coal Markets
A total of 59 electric utility companies purchased 117.4 million tons of Kentucky
coal for 134 electric power plants located in 23 states during 1996, accounting for
almost 80% of the Kentucky coal sold.
Over 83% of Kentucky's coal is sold out—of-state.
There are 20 major coal-burning electric utility plants in Kentucky, and almost all
(95.7%) of Kentucky's electricity is generated from coal.
En vironment_
All surface-mined land today is reclaimed equal to or better than it was prior to
mining. Kentucky received 4 national reclamation awards in 1996 for surface
mining and received a total of 17 awards in the past 11 years.
Coal mining creates valuable lands such as wildlife habitats, flat mountaintops, wet-
lands, and industrial sites where only steep, unproductive hillsides had once existed.
Kentucky operators have paid over $659.1 million into the Federal Abandoned Mine  
Land Fund since 1978 to reclaim abandoned coal mines. Nationwide, operators
have paid over $4.1 billion into this fund. However, $1.08 billion remains
unallocated for AML reclamation.  
Coal Hesources_ I
Kentucky has two distinct coal fields, one in Western Kentucky and one in Eastern ,
Kentucky. Kentucky's 89.8 billion tons of coal resources remaining represent 85% l
of the original resource.
Teacher Resources $
Coal education resource materials are now available to teachers and students on
the Internet at the web site www.coa/education.org. Additionally, a coal education
multimedia library kit with interactive learning tools is now available in every public
elementary, middle school, and county library in Kentucky.
5§§§,Tl°§lJ?§?Zr$313§`§?J“§2*Z$2rf2HS?£Z'E}ZZZ%"€£r?rZZr“é2i’alETELZTSZ§?lZ‘,‘i§§§2,‘$,°'i,"”
construed as official source data Of be COHSIFUQU GS advocating Or reflecting any DOHC y Q-
mg Kentucky Coal Marketing and Export COU¤Cl| 0f U16 Kentucky Coal Assoninrrnn_ y posmon Of
n [www.coaIeducation.org] A

 l s  l
r Changes and Trends l
Three centuries after it was discovered in America, coal is still providing powerforthe
nation. As we approach a new century, coal faces many challenges to its premier
status, but its importance can never be questioned. The fuel that enabled the United
States to becomethe wealthiest industrialized nation in the world is still responsible for
over half the nation's electrical power.
Coal provides 56% of the electricity in this country, and in Kentucky 95.7% of our
N electricity comes from coal.
l Average electricity costs in Kentucky were 4.1 cents perkilowatt-hourduring 1996,the
K second lowest in the United States.
Most experts agree that demand for electricity will continue to grow as our economy
grows. Rates of this growth each year have been estimated from a low of 1.3% to a
high of 2.5%. Large coal-fired power plants, built in the 1950's and early 1960*s, will
F need to be replaced, life extended, or repowered.
l Utility deregulation is on the horizon. As in other parts of American business, low costs
and customer service will be the hallmarks of a successful company. In 1995, 23 of
the 25 lowest operating cost electric-generation units in America were fueled by coal.
Kentucky's share ofthe steam coal market to U.S. electric utilities has declined, down
from 23.5% of the market in 1975 to 13.6% in 1996. (see page 26)
As Kentucky coal companies consolidated into a globally competitive industry, the
number of mines in Kentucky declined from 2,063 in 1984 to 544 in 1996. (page 8)
The number of direct mining employees in Kentucky has been
ggaégzgggrzs, reduced by 60% since 1981 while production has remained
' about the same. (see pages 70 and 74)
) Productivity per hour is 2.6 times the 1979 level (see page 77), thus maintaining
production (see page 7) while mining costs have been contained to match coal prices
( that have fallen below 1979 price levels. (see page 23)
The amount of sulfur dioxide emitted from burning coal in Kentucky has been re-
duced by more than 1/2 since 1976, and the trend is continuing. (see page 33)
Post mining land use changes are providing long term economic, social, and
environmental benefits to Kentucky, and the benefits are increasing. (see page 37)
Kentucky coal exports of 9.1 million tons in 1996 were less than the previous level of
» over 15 million tons per year. (see page 27)
[ Kentucky ships over 2.8 times as much coal to its neighboring states as it receives from
` them, but Kentucky's positive coal flow ratio has been cut in half since 1 990. (page 22)
Natural gas costs to U.S. electric utilities in 1 993 increased higherthan petroleum while
coal costs continued to steadily decrease. (see page 79)
( A larger percentage of the coal severance tax money is being
l Is there a Trend? returned to the coal counties for economic development each
( year. (see page 76)
l Underground mining in Kentucky continuesto show steady safety improvements.(see
page 72)
$3.1 billion continues to be brought into Kentucky each year from coal sales to 29
other states and 15 foreign countries. (see page 7 7)
The number of successful mining reclamation-primacy bond releases in Kentucky
continues to grow each year. (see page 30)
The AML reclamation accomplishments in Kentucky during the last 15 years are
impressive and the future looks even brighter. (see page 35)
Source: See individual reference pages as listed.

 Governor’s Office Phone: 502/564-2611
Capitol Building - Frankfort, KY 40601 Fax: 502/564-2517
Department of Local Government Phone: 502/573-2382
1024 Capital Center Drive - Frankfort, KY 40601 Fax: 502/573-2939
Department of Mines and Minerals Phone: ooo/246-202e .
Research Park Drive - Administration Building Fax: 606/246-2038 —»
P.O. Box 14080 - Lexington, KY 40512-4080 It
Kentucky Geological Survey Phone: ooo/257-5500 V
228 Mining and Mineral Resources Building Fax: 606/257-1147 l
Lexington, KY 40506-0107 ,
l
Legislative Research Commission Phone: 502/564-8100 l
Capitol Building, Room 300 - Frankfort, KY 40601 Fax: 502/564-6543 i
Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection Cabinet Phone; 502/564-asso
Capital Plaza Tower- Frankfort, KY 40601 Fax: 502/564-3354
Department for Surface Mining Reclamation Phone: 502/564-6940 3
and Enforcement Fax: 502/564-5848 S
Division of Abandoned Lands Phone: 502/564-2141  
Division of Field Senlices Phone: 502/564-2340 T
Division of Permits Phone: 502/564-2320 .
#2 Hudson Hollow - Frankfort, KY 40601 Fax: 502/564-6764
Department for Environmental Protection Phone: 502/564-2150  
Division of Waste Management Phone: 502/564-6716 t
Division of Water Phone: 502/564-3410  
14 Reilly Rd., Ash Bldg. - Frankfort, KY 40601 Fax: 502/564-4245
Division of Air Quality Control Phone: 502/573-3382
803 Schenkel Lane - Frankfort, KY 40601 Fax: 502/573-3787
REVENUE CZDIDEI Phone: 502/564-4581
Department of Tax Administration Phone: 502/564-3103
Severance Tax Fax: 502/564-2906
200 Fair Oaks Lane, Frankfort, KY 40620
Department of Property Valuation Phone: 502/564-8334 ,
Division of Technical Support, Mineral Valuation Section Fax: 502/564-5977 l
200 Fair Oaks Lane, Frankfort, KY 40620 {
Transportation Cabinet Phone: 502/564-7183  
Department of Highways, Coal Haul Highway Fax: 502/564-2865 i
125 Holmes Street- Frankfort, KY 40622 Q
UK - Center for Applied Energy Research Phone: 606/257-0305  
Research Park Drive — Lexington, KY 40511-8433 Fax: 606/257-0220 g
United States Department of Energy Phone: 202/586-8800  
National Energy information Center, El-231 Fax: 202/586-0727 ’
Forrestal Bldg., 1F-048 - Washington, DC 20585
Workforce Development Cabinet Phone: 502/564-7976 =
Employment and Wages Section Fax: 502/564-2937
CHR Building, Frankfort, KY 40621
Web site addresses: most reference sources have a web site address listed at the bottom of each
page, and additional data can be obtained at these web sites. All addresses are world wide web
(www), except as othenivise noted (i.e., ftp://ftp.), and the (http://) is implied on each address
although not listed due to space limitations. g
Example — [http://www.coaIeducation.org]
Acknowledgment .
Tears Francis, Desktop Publishing Krina Fry, Graphic Designer

 Table of Contents
Highlights ....................................................................................................... i
Changes and Trends ...................................................................................... 1
References .................................................................................................... 2
y Contents ....................................................................................................... 3
History of Coal .............................................................................................. 4
i Types of Mining ............................................................................................. 6
Production 4
U.S. Production ........................................................................................ [ .... 7
\ Kentucky Production ...................................................................................... 8
y County Production ......................................................................................... 9
` Emlployment
Emp oyment ................................................................................................. 10
Employment/Productivity .............................................................................. 11
Safety and Training ....................................................................................... 12
Employment/\Nages by County ..................................................................... 14
  Econom1y
I Severance ax by County ............................................................................. 15
 · Coal Taxes Returned to Counties .................................................................. 16
I Economic Impact ......................................................................................... 17
Coal Markets
Coal — Low Cost Energy ................................................................................ 19
Uses of Coal ................................................................................................. 20
Top Utility Consumers .................................................................................. 21
Distribution - Utility Coal ............................................................................... 22
Distribution - Utility Coal/Coal Prices ............................................................. 23
Kentucky Coal Shipments to Electric Utility Plants ......................................... 24
U.S. Electric Utility — Coal .............................................................................. 26
Coal Exports/Imports ................................................................................... 27
Transportation .............................................................................................. 28
Environment
Reclamation ................................................................................................. 30
Post-Mining Land Uses ................................................................................. 31
T Land Uses/By-Products ................................................................................ 32
= Air 0uality/Global Climate ............................................................................. 33
Clean Coal Technology ................................................................................. 34
AML Reclamation ......................................................................................... 35
Coal Resources
Coal Origin and Properties ............................................................................ 36
4 Coal Properties/Improvements ...................................................................... 37
L U.S. Comparisons-Production ........................................... Z ........................... 38
“ U.S. Coal Reserves ....................................................................................... 39
Kentucky Coal Resources ............................................................................. 40
TB3Ch8I‘ Resources
www.coaleducation.org ................................................................................ 42
Coal Education Interactive Multimedia Library Kit .......................................... 43
Coal Education Field Trip Sites in Kentucky ................................................... 44 ‘
Coal-Fired Power Plants in Kentucky ............................................................. 45
Electricity
CoaI—into-Kilowatts ....................................................................................... 46
Electricity Costs ........................................................................................... 48
information Assistance ................................................................................. 49
‘  [www.coaIeducation.org] E

   History of Coal .
1701 Coal discovered in Virginia.
1748 First recorded U.S. coal production.
1750 April 13th - Dr. Thomas Walker was the first recorded person to discover
and use coal in Kentucky.
1755 Lewis Evan’s map showing coal in what is now the Greenup County and
Boyd County area of Kentucky.
1758 First commercial U.S. coal shipment.
1792 lssac Shelby becomes the first Governor of Kentucky (1792-1796).
1820 First commercial mine, known as the "McLean drift bank" opened in
Kentucky, nearthe Green River and Paradise in Muhlenberg County. l
328 shorttons mined and sold in Kentucky. l
1830 2,000 tons of Kentucky production. 1
1837 10,000 tons of Kentucky production.
1843 100,000 tons of Kentucky production.
1850 150,000 tons of Kentucky production. l
Lexington and Big Sandy Railroad proposed.
Kentucky Geological Survey established.
1860 Pre-Civil War Kentucky production record of 285,760 tons.
1861 Kentucky-born Abraham Lincoln becomes the 16th President ofthe
United States (1861-65).
1866 Surface mining begins near Danville, Illinois.
1870 Post-Civil War Kentucky production decline to 150,582 tons.
St. Louis & Southern Railroad completed from Henderson to Earlington, Ky.  
1872 First train off the Big Sandy Railroad.  
1877 Coal mined with steam-powered shovel. i
1879 One million tons of Kentucky production. )
1880 Mechanical stokers introduced.  
First coke ovens in west Kentucky.
Mine Ventilation Law.
First train from Williamson, West Virginia to Pike County, Kentucky.
Coal mining machines come into general use.
1890 N&W Railroad’s first mine at Goody in Pike County.
Hopkins County in west Kentucky leading coal producer in the state for 18
straight years.
Miner Pay Law. i
United Mine Workers of America formed.  
Machines developed to undercut coalbeds.  
5,000 kilowatt steam turbine generates electricity.
1900 Child Labor Law.
Edgewater Coal Company’s first production in Pike County.
First train off the Lexington and Eastern Railroad.
Independent Geological Sunrey established. .
1910 First train from the Cumberland Valley Railroad. {
Fordson Coal Company’s first production at Pond Creek. A
Pike-Floyd Coal Company’s first production at Betsy Layne.
1914 World War I increases demand for coal; Kentucky production
20.3 million tons.
Short-flame or "permissible" explosives developed.
Mine Safety Law.
1918 First pulverized coal firing in electric power plants.
1920 Federal Mineral Leasing Act.
42.1 million tons of Kentucky production.
1923 All-time high U.S. employment of 704,793 bituminous coal and
lignite miners.
First dragline excavators built especially for surface mining. A
1929 Stock market crashes beginning the Great Depression.
1932 Walking dragline excavators developed.
1936 47.7 million tons of Kentucky production . _
1940 World War ll - coal production in Kentucky rises to 72.4 million tons F
for the war effort. ;

 History of Coal
1940 Auger surface mining introduced.
1942 Republic Steel Company‘s first production - Road Creek, Kentucky.
Post-War Marshall Plan - production rises to 88.7 million tons
in Kentucky.
Continuous underground mining systems developed.
Kentucky Water Contamination Legislation.
. 1947 Kentucky Coal Association founded.
1950 82.2 million tons of Kentucky production.
1956 Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act .
( Railroads converting from coal to diesel fuel.
( Roof bolting introduced in underground mines.
1960 Railroads began using unit coal trains.
First longwall mining with powered roof supports.
Kentucky Surface Mining Legislation.
1963 Kentucky coal production exceeded 100 million tons.
T 1966 National Historic Preservation Act.
C&O Railroad to John’s Creek constructed - Pike County.
1969 Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act.
1970 Federal Clean Air Act.
, 1972 Kentucky Coal Severance Tax established.
  Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
» Kentucky becomes the leading coal production state.
1973 Endangered Species Act.
_ OPEC oil embargo: Coal production and prices rise.
1976 Federal Coal Leasing Amendments Act.
_ 1977 Federal Surface Mine Control and Reclamation Act.
. 1980 Congress enacts the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
 · (NAPAP) Study, a 10 year research program, which invested $550
. million forthe study of "acid rain." Industries spend over $1 billion on
t Air Pollution Control Equipment during 1980.
( 1983 OPEC cuts oil prices for first time.
§ Martha Layne Collins becomes Kentucky‘s first woman Governor (1983-87).
  U.S. Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program established $2.5
( billion in Federal matching funds committed to assist the private sector
  to develop and demonstrate improved clean coal technologies.
’ 1988 Kentucky Supreme Court rules that the unmined minerals tax on coal is
% subject to the same state and local property tax rates as other real estate.
TVA 160-MW Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion Unit on line.
. Wyoming displaces Kentucky as the leading coal producing state.
1990 Federal Clean AirAct Amendments of 1990.
Kentucky record production - 179.4 million tons (1990).
U.S. coal production exceeds 1 billion tons.
1992 U.S. Energy Policy Act of 1992.
1993 CEDAR, Inc. (Coal Education Development and Resources) formed in
Pike County.
1994 Western Kentucky CEDAR, Inc. was formed in Webster and Union Counties.
1996 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issues Order 888
addressing the issues of open access to encourage wholesale
( competition in the electric utility industry and FERC Order 889 requiring
utilities to share information about available transmission capacity.
r 1996 Workers‘ Comp Reform Laws are passed in Kentucky.
  1997 The Kentucky Fish and Wildlife Commission voted to re—introduce Elk
( into 14 East Kentucky Counties on post-mined lands, citing mountain-top
J removal areas and old mine benches as good elk habitat. This will be
the only large free-ranging elk herd in the Eastern United States.
1997 Kentucky Coal Association celebrates 50 years of service to the
mining industry (1947-97).
Sources: Energy information Administration, Coal Data: A Reference, 1989, Kentucky Department of Mines and
Minerals, Annual Reports, and Willard Rouse Jillson, Coal lndustry in Kentucky, 1922.

  i T_TT
Kentucky has two distinct coal fields, each containing numerous deposits of
_ bituminous coal of various characteristics and mines of every type and size. By the
use of large draglines and shovels, the excavation of two or more coal seam
deposits (multi-seam mining) is possible in the large area surface mines of the
gently rolling Western Kentucky coal field and in the large mountain top removal
mines in the steeperterrain of the Eastern Kentucky coal field. Both the Eastern
and Western Kentucky coal fields have large, modern, and efficient underground
mines (of various entry types) utilizing improved mining methods with increased
mechanization including continuous miners, longwall mining panels, or both. ,
l
Of Kentucky’s 152.4* million Surface I
tons of 1996 coal produc-
tion, 94.3 million tons were j
produced by underground I
mining methods and 58.1
million tons were produced by
surface mrnrng methods. ·,,,°_,, 0D_&¤%:,6
°’;:*>°é§g°°°8 gi
*NOTE: This is the official U.S. DOE _g%8.60,3$%°§@§q°¤
numberfor Kentucky. State and rr¤rnRrPrrrrrq,Br·¤.rQnEh A
Federal numbers will differ, please _
see page 8 for details. Area SUl`f3C8 IVIITIG
_ Mountaintop Removal
A breakdown of the different
types of surface and under-
ground mining methods used Surface
rn Kentucky rs as follows:
1996 Mining Type Estimates ,
rvo. or Production Contour/Auger Mine I
Mine Type Mines (million tons)
    58-* “"“"'“'°“"“ -
Surface Only* - 15.0
Surface & Auger* — 42.0 § En". ---.
Auger Mining* - 1.0 2 W /6/
"'§@/
Underground 307 94.3 ‘ ·----·
Continuous** — 69.2
Conventional** — 10.2
L rr** - 14.6 -
Ogggxii _ 03 Underground   _
  il a
State Totals 544 152.4   \
*NOTE: Surface mining type estimates are .. -.-.
based upon Kentucky Department of Mines ·
and Minerals’ License data. Slope Mme
**NOTE: Underground mine type and
production estimates are determined by the Underground ,g, ,3
U.S.DOE-EIA when mines produce greater  §j\ /:2]
4 than 50 percent of their output by one of § EEQE Q>§<
the underground mine types listed above. 1  "° Em MI
Sources: Kentucky Department of Mines and   ,
Minerals, Annual Report, 1996. U.S. DOE - EIA, Y
Coal rooosror Aoooar, fees. I I-- I  
._ Source: U.S. DOE - EIA Coal Data: A Reference, 1989. I 
H [www.eia.doe.gov/tuelcoal.html] and [www.caer.uky.edu/kdmm/homepagehtm]  

 I
U.S. Coal Production
Kentucky and U.S. Coal Production,* 1970-96 (millions of tons)
Kentucky United Kentucky as
Year Eastern Western Total States % ot U.S.
1970 72.5 52.8 125.3 602.9 20.8
1971 71.6 47.8 119.4 552.2 21.6
1972 68.9 52.3 121.2 595.4 20.4
1973 74.0 53.7 127.6 591.7 21.6
1974 85.4 51.8 137.2 603.4 22.7
l 1975 87.3 56.4 143.6 648.4 22.1
1 1976 91.1 52.8 144.0 678.7 21.2
l 1977 94.0 52.3 146.3 691.3 21.2
1978 96.2 39.5 135.7 665.1 20.4
1979 104.1 42.5 146.5 777.9 18.8
1 1980 109.2 41.0 150.1 829.7 18.1
1 1981 117.9 39.7 157.6 823.8 19.1
1 1982 111.2 39.0 150.2 838.1 17.9
1983 95.6 35.6 131.2 782.1 16.8
1984 117.3 42.3 159.5 895.9 17.8
1985 113.3 39.0 152.3 883.6 17.2
1986 112.7 41.2 153.9 890.3 17.3
1987 119.9 45.3 165.2 918.8 18.0
  1988 117.5 40.3 157.9 950.3 16.6
  1989 125.7 41.6 167.4 980.7 17.1
T 1990 128.4 44.9 173.3 1,029.1 16.8
~ 1991 117.2 41.8 159.0 996.0 16.0
1992 119.4 41.7 161.1 997.5 16.2
1993 120.2 36.1 156.3 945.4 16.5
1994 124.4 37.2 161.6 1,033.5 15.6
1995 118.5 35.2 153.7 1,033.0 14.9
1996 117.0 35.5 152.4 1,063.9 14.3
A *NOTE: This is the official U.S. DOE number for Kentucky. State and Federal numbers will dilter;
  please see page 8 for details.
1 ' * * 1996*** Millions
1 U.S. Leading Coal Producers Rank Sm cfm
- Kentucky ranked third in the United States in 1 wyoming 278.4
coal production during 1996. 2 WeSlYir9i¤i¤ 170-4
3 Kentucky 152.4
1 20g 4 Pennsylvania 67.9
@1000   .............o..la    
2 .. ..,...,._   Other States
`5 000 _...l  
i 600   ll’ ?Tj§§.§.;. ....   lili’ii1 '°"""S"“"'a
¤   ‘’‘` ` ```‘i‘”‘`‘`‘` ` `"`‘‘‘ ii l’’‘ ` ...;   l.;.   .:..   `’`' 1 ''`*0 A ``'3'`'`:':`;’:’   `’’' W- V1f9l¤1¤
_Q ;;§;§s;;§z5a§s§a§;§s§a§;§2§s§;i2§s;;§2§2§;§2§s§s§2§;§e§2§;§;§2§s@e§2§2§2§2i;52i2i2i2?2i2§2§a§2§2§s§;§2@25=*" _.;.;.;·;;;;;:;:;:;:1;¤;2;2;2;2;g;;;;;,. __,, __,,;;g§g§g§é§é§2§i¥%§Eiiiéiiééi§%§:§éé%?5¥’?"""“ __
2; 400 ‘‘’‘‘i 19%*111** =i‘   ‘‘‘‘ ‘ ‘’‘‘ ` ___,_,_,_ ’ ‘‘‘‘‘‘’   ‘i‘‘ .. ..,..-..  
¤   .. ............................... 7   ‘‘‘` ‘ .... . .......--l.: ;   .
  E   __.. _ .,.......,.,......._._._._ __ _._...   Wyoming -
  CL 200 ,_ ,._..._.......,.,.,.,...,.    
1     1
l °  
1 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1996 1
**NOTE: Wyoming was not one of the top tive coal producers until 1978, when it surpassed Virginia 1
‘ and Ohio, but is included before 1978 to show its rise to the leading coal-production state. 1
. ***NOTE: Does not include 55.2 million tons of Texas lignite, (see page 38). ·
Sources: U.S. DOE - Energy information Administration; Coal lndustry Annual, 1993-1996, Coal Production, 1977- 1
  1992. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, 1970-1976. 1
1 [www.eia.doe.gov/fueIcoal.html] 7 1  
  , i1

 Kentucky produced 157.7* million tons of bituminous coal in 1996, down from the
record of 179.4 million tons set in 1990.
180 1<.<:¤·¥·· ·'·'·¤>‘:·>  —·~.~
, I  S~tr¤¤  
  ..        
50 I   ..,-.-.;. .  ,.».. . . Underground   WKY
2 120   EKY
*5 90  
E 60   ‘~   9. 9*8  
E      
 EKY
39 
0  (
1950 1995 - 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995-96
*NOTE: State production numbers differ slightly from yearly federal U.S. DOE - Energy information
Administration (EIA) production numbers, due to minor differences in their methodology (i.e., clean coal
versus raw). Please note whether Federal or State numbers are referenced when using a value in this .
publication.
Source: Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals, Annual Reports, 1950-1996.
Number of Mines, 1996 na. or  
Year KY Mines 2
There were 544 coal mines in Kentucky during 1996. 1984 2,063
  1985 1,155
Region Underground Surface Total 1986 1,553
1987 1,428  
Eastern Kentucky 287 197 484 1988 1,230
Western Kentucky 20 40 60 1989 1,099
  1990 987
Kentucky Total 307 237 544 1991 888
  1992 752 7
Source; U.S. DOE — Energy information Administration, Coal lndustry 1993 696 1
Annual, 1993-1996, coal Production, 1984-1992. 1994 673
1995 598  
Number of Mine Licenses in Kentucky* * *999 514  
The number of actual mines is smaller than the final number of mine licenses
issued each year. This is because several licenses can be issued to one large
multi-seam surface mine. A mine license is renewed each year and a new license
is required within the current year when certain changes occur, such as change of:
(1) company or ownership; (2) company name; (3) operator or principal; or (4)
mine type.
9999   . - 
·» _ @E:ii—{‘·{»°"...;:° Underground  
I   frrarr 1  
§ 4000    
0  _'
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995-96 ‘ Y
**NOTE: Several licenses can be issued to one large multi-seam surface mine. V 
Source: Kentucky Department ot Mines and Minerals, Annual Re orts, 1950-1996.  
H [www.caer.uky.edu/kdmm/homepage.htm]

 There were 544 mines in Kentucky during 1996.
These 544 mines were issued 845 Kentucky mine
licenses and produced 157.7 million tons.
307 underground mines (392 licenses) accounted for
62.5% of Kentucky’s production and 237 surface mines
(453 licenses) accounted for 37.5% of Kentucky’s pro-
duction. ··III IH
71% of Western Kentucky and 59% of Eastern Kentucky's
coal production was from underground mines during
1996.
29 Kentucky counties produced coal in 1996; 10 Western Kentucky counties and
19 Eastern Kentucky counties.
1996 Production by County and Type of Mine License*
Underground Surface Total
County Licenses Tonnage Licenses Tonnage Licenses Tonnage
EASTERN KENTUCKY
Bell 17 2,666,853 16 2,453,890 33 5,120,743
Breathitt - - 16 5,615,615 16 5,615,615
Clay — - 8 142,030 8 142,030
Floyd 49 3,703,324 18 3,908,702 67 7,612,026
Harlan 52 9,730,638 19 1,372,266 71 11,102,904
Johnson 6 1,363,381 10 222,871 16 1,586,252
knon 32 4,919,450 24 3,940,163 56 8,859,613
  Knox 19 591,410 8 54,342 27 645,752
’ Laurel - - 1 52,437 1 52,437
. Lawrence - — 3 68,260 3 68,260
Leslie 12 8,003,838 8 1,603,648 20 9,607,486
Letcher 27 5,691,952 26 2,694,106 53 8,386,058
( McCreaiy - - 1 0 1 0
Magoffin 1 24,700 9 521,881 10 546,581
_ ivianin 18 6,017,099 26 5,627,564 44 11,644,663
Morgan - - 2 7,321 2 7,321
S i Owsley - - 8 159,684 8 159,684
  Perry 12 3,663,847 23 6,220,739 35 9,884,586
Pike 118 22,929,923 151 12,389,632 269 35,319,555
Pulaski - - 1 0 1 0
Whitley 8 407,942 15 321,252 23 729,194
EKY Total 371 69,714,357 393 47,376,403 764 117,090,76O
E WESTERN KENTUCKY (
Butler - - 3 233,289 3 233,289  
Christian - - 1 90,848 1 90,848  
Daviess - - 9 932,827 9 932,827 (
, Henderson 1 903,743 3 1,682,275 4 2,586,018 *1
. Hopkins 6 4,626,073 17 5,199,546 23 9,825,619 l
  McLean 1 71,200 3 23,922 4 95,122
Muhlenberg 3 2,615,188 7 730,045 10 3,345,233 1
Ohio 1 19,948 14 2,512,633 15 2,532,581 1
Union 3 7,335,310 - - 3 7,335,310 ,
L Wooster 6 13,193,466 8 413,532 9 13,606,998 .  
V  WKY Total 21 28,764,928 60 11,818,917 81 40,583,845
KY Totals 392 98,479,285 453 59,195,320 845 157,674,605 )  
(   l
i *NOTE: Several licenses can be issued to one large multi-seam surface mine. 1  
  Source; Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals, Annual Report, 1996. 1
l
[www.caer.uky.edu/kdmm/homepage.htm] I ( 1
il

 The Kentucky coal mining industry has a current work force of approximately
18,826* people directly employed in coal mining jobs. The Western Kentucky coal
field directly employs approximately 3,696 persons, while the Eastern Kentucky
coal field provides 15,130 direct mining jobs.
Kentucky’s Coal Mining Easml  
Work Force, 1996 508586 4,855
Underground 10,275
T t l 15,130
Western Kentucky O 3
Coal Field
Surface 1,095  
Underground 2,601    
W_‘_”@ bg °  
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• ¤ _ . ..... . ...........   ..... . . ._.,._.,.,._.
Eastern Kentucky averaged 80% of Kentucky’s coal mining work force and
accounted for about 77% of Kentucky’s total coal production in 1996.
Western Kentucky averaged 20% of Kentucky’s coal mining work force and
accounted for about 23% of Kentucky’s total coal production in 1996.
Due to continued productivity gains, Kentucky produced 152.4 million tons during
1996 while direct mining employment continued to decline.
Kentucky Coal Mining Employment, 1979-1996 ,
Western Kentucky Eastern Kentucky Kentucky
Year Surface Underground Total Surface Underground Total Totals
1979 4,343 6,945 11,288 12,838 23,064 35,902 47,190 a
1980 3,995 7,879 11,874 11.819 22,702 34,521 46,395
1981 4,056 6,489 10,545 13,473 24,032 37,505 48,050
1982 4,120 5,639 9,759 12,319 22,782 35,101 44,860
1983 3,415 4,918 8,333 10,485 17,615 28,100 36,433
1984 4,022 4,053 8,075 11,327 18,474 29,801 37,876 ·
1985 3,421 4,294 7,715 10,516 18,583 29,099 36,814
1986 2,327 4,297 6,624 8,718 17,312 26,030 32,654
1987 2,345 4,605 6,950 8,740 16,900 25,640 32,590
1988 1,825 4,388 6,213 8,261 16,085 24,346 30,559
1989 1,870 4,166 6,036 8,034 16,586 24,620 30,656
1990 2,095 3,491 5,586 7,505 17,407 24,912 30,498
199