xt7sn00zqw2j https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7sn00zqw2j/data/mets.xml   University of Kentucky. College of Agriculture. Extension Division. 1943 journals leafletsAP English Lexington : The Division, 1938-1943. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Leaflets A-P / Extension Division, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky. text Leaflets A-P / Extension Division, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky. 1943 2014 true xt7sn00zqw2j section xt7sn00zqw2j       ¤@rv¤¤wM Hr® W@r wnw        

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  CONTENTS
  ‘#   T EXTENSION LEAFLETS
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COVER CROP TREATMENT PLANT COVER CROPS! AGRONOM·¥.LEAPLET 5
l T}
° —` ULYU -1938
Cover crops, to be most effective, l1l>   ,   _t_,e    {   *`     t.   y
1 · · » t ·.: v*.v       ’  Q .  1. ;   2  _, `~  >— `>.  L  ·. gi
cover crops and do not sow them early enough CSPH GM wu M Wllhmh      .» _  ‘  t  _;~,‘__, w ‘_ "  _ .   we   .,     _ {__
to obtain sufficient growth before winter: there- ‘l glass   '          
- - · · . .··,  ·.»eé1-;`·:»e¤;l:¢.-`-·f·‘w~·1* .» `   3
lore, the lollowing seeding rates 2\ll(l dates are   ·r‘’-5   ,,      
` `     ._
l`€(`()11ll1l€lT(l€(lZ As soon as ° ’·     ,~-·       .
  ·   =¤»    ¤r‘ ».,/ Y;
_ . preceding crop   ·rr; ,i;‘·sZ·.?;z. ._`, ·
Kind Date Rate - `    5 .,·` ¤  
‘* l“""'€S‘“l ° X  
Rye Aug 20-Oct 1 6· 8 pecks .  
Wh€9·li Oct. 5—Oct. 15 5- 6 pecks ¢ 1 »:      »;._g;:¤é;5;jq··,uq;.:#;.a·<~··;;;¤·;>_ 5,,;
Barley Aug_2()—Sgpt_2() 6- 3 packs (lt>\'€l‘ (TUIJS will 110l (lo it all-  
Crimson clover July 20—Aug. 20 15-20 lbs. - . . Y
Other essentials ol good soil n1‘t11’1>`·· » ·   *
_ _ _ .1 . g . ( t gcnient art. 1
Vetch July 15 Oct. 15 30 40 lbs. ` · _ · · .c _} Cover Crops
Use ol Iune aud lertihzers where needed.
Use ol terraces where needed. Reduce Emslon and Leachmg
Maintaining large percent ol` larm in grass * ~· Provide Cheap Feed
and legume mixtures.
      l,mm_ u__ [ I, _ { _ _ _ _ . lmprove Soils
A [_   X _  1 st o rlllll lllilllllllf and t1op IL*>I-
Q  l‘‘‘' ‘   e,‘·..     4;if       ~ ·—1- _   _ eetre   l·or Iurther uilormation consult your (iountr ‘ V _ _ { Y k I , l_ L
_   e        ,;_tr·{e,1:\ e   :.1 es .\ ,. >]`(,‘e· ·_\g_€nl‘ or wrilc U) [hc Kentucky A_\gl_iCullul_dl l lll\(l>ll\ o lxtutut y. .c\111gl•111. xtlllllt \
··   »~         ""... VI,~,‘..; lixperitneut Station, Lexington, lientttckv. "`¤•<1*1\~ l’·(;"""""· l)°`*"‘ *"‘*l l’l"""""
1 2 ny ,`.< .s r` r; ;· ·"····¢     ''``' ‘. ·'   ‘
  ·   ."~· .4 ‘— » ·’*r.’· - .‘.;:   w -- ‘-‘. ·
s ` `         `   ~;i.Y‘ Yi`] Vl li   E ··
  /_/·` Q!r’Ea;g,_,¤;_   fg ·         ,\. f Published i11 connection with the agricultural t=xtt·usiou
Tight     /_  *L{v'i°';'."ri H`.    work carried on by co-operation oi the College of Agriculture,
'ltnjiisg    L; ,;..;   Untversity ot` Kentucky, with the U. S. Department of A;1r1r
culture. and distributed in ilirtherance of the work proritleti tor
No treatment. Lime and phosphate. Al 2 ‘ in the Act of Congress ol May B, 1914.
ll t* f\— I 7*
, · x 1
‘ '· Ei ae   ; {

 ‘° •-
  IER (   I COVER CROPS FURNISH FEED COVER CROPS IMPROVE THE SOIL
\
1s· wrt. o. JOHNSTON}; ‘ . . . . . . . .
Fheltl Agent tit Atuortuiny A very important value ol cover crops wlrtclr Besides protecting the soil against leaching
_ is often overlooked 1S the excellent pasturage attd erosion during tlte winter, cover crops, when
COVER CROPS PROTECT THE SQIL which is furnished. All cover crops, when prop- turned under, add organic matter to the soil arrcl
L _ erly handled, furnish a large amount. of early thus increase the attrount of water the soil cart
The leful, COV€1` Crop, 115 used 11€1`€. 111€2}115 3 spring pasture; and tlte cereals, when seeded absorb, thereby further reducing erosion. Le—
C1`OP g1`UWU C1111`111g 1311 2111€1 W1111€1` 10 P1`0V1d€ K early, furnish excellent fall pasturage atrd often gume cover crops, such as vetch and crirrrson
protecuve covering to 12111d Wh1C11 0i11€1`W1$€ may be pastured thruout the winter. Kentucky clover, add considerable nitrogen to the soil
would 136 11316. T11€ CYOPS €01111110111)’ U$€d for ° I ‘ sheep growers consider tt good small grain for when used for green manure. (lover crops
this purpose are wheat, rye and b2u`l€y. C1`1mS011 fall, winter artd early spring pasture essential to turned under before I5 inches high usually greab
clover, vetch and other winter crops are some- profitable sheep production. Good fall, win- ly increase the yields of crops which follow them.
ttrttes used. II l€l` and spring pastures also lower the cost of It rrray be said that trying to increase tlte fertili»
The I·ZIIIIII.€ II) use COVGI. cmps III Kcmucky I ptodtgctton ol hogs, bcel, pottltry and dairy prod ty ol Icroppcd landlwtth lertilttets without tht
IIIIS been IIIC IIIZIIIOI. IIICIOI. COmI.II)uIIng IO the uct; y dectcastng the amount of concentrates use of cover crops is like trying to frll a barrel
IIISS OI SOII and PIHIII IOOd_ It IS estimated [hm ant IItough.Iges lC(IllIl€(I: In at leastIsonte cases, with the hung left out. I I I
Ibis IOSS In Kentucky CXCCMIS 35 IHIIIIOH CIOIIMS , t rye whiny resfhfgr ts s tghtly richer tn nutrients One of the principal uses of a winter-grain
IIIIIIIIQIIYI It IS IIIYIIIEI. Estimawd IIIM (WC1. II_ tran a a a o LIC same rerg rt. covcr crop rs asa nurse crop for grasses and le-
(l(lfl,fl(l(l acres of land in this State, or one fifth l'V11°1t€l’ COV€1` CYOIJS should not, however, be Sumes m Chilngmg 3 11€1df1O111 Cu111Vn1€d 10 5O‘I
· r .   , , ,_, . . I · ‘ - ‘ . . · s . cro rs. In this case, the rasses, exce rt, rerha ns,
ol thc culttxatcd land, haxc been so badly eio ed t 6 so G BM O1 tveswc . ley swu c c can _ I
as to render them unht for farming, and another e { stdered as valuable supplements to a suitable "1€11a1dS1F1$¤» $11<1111<1 be >01\'€$1 111 111*3 12111. O11_111¤
million acres are rapidly reaching that point, gram and roughage 1`ZlL10ll. Small grattrs may be $‘_’V€1 GOP. aud 1116 1€§U111C$ 111 1116 €?11`1Y $P1`111§2;·
Cm_cI_ Cm )_ III I ml HCVCIII CIV I. I I II _ _ pastured to a moderate extent and tlretr harvest- Ihe Cover (tml) mall bc IGM 1¤1j 1ml`V€$1 OY mill
. ‘ 15 ) ( Y 1 , (mm H OTH ed for grain with little or no lowering of yield, be ?€1`*1Z°11¢ me Iaflcf l"`2'C“€€ IS Irulucmll
perttnents conducted at the lxetrtucky Expert- . . I . ,. I· . I . , . ..   I I . .·.II,
. . ’ = or they may be used as wrrrter pasture and then XIIU (*1 11* l"““?% 313** dm C "V€1· €Sl)€U‘l l
tnettt Station show that they also reduce the loss . . . . . II [IIC, cmu. (.1. I ) mylkc. .I II€,I ,, TO ,Ih ‘
I. I_ . I III _I. _ ,- __ . . _ _ allowed to ntature for feeding down wttlt ltve- fl ” * "l S “ ·
t, I, ant food ry cacrtng. lhe loss of u1U<>g€11· WWI, ESPCCIZIIII, IS IIIC II ,QIgI]I9; down or `ihC·II
one of tlte ntost expensive plant foods was over ' ` . ` (· · . ` . “ .4
_ · ’ I · I·» · . ._, , ).r , .,. ,) I  
twentv-Itve ttnres greater on unprotected sotl   · ,, Ia·IIII··II1¤I>IIII<¢ai·EriQ;;$·..`”¤"·=1/_·* ‘·‘“ r°4·¢¢;,..T·i*·#  ·—.· , ‘._’ .··;  ·
that cover crops are ol greatest importance. The    ~£ "f§.i‘·
slotran used bv paint manufacturers "\Vhen vott     if  "" 'IIFII
· ¤ I I. 1 II_, I3 I I _     ·—··   I t... * I
satvc t te sur ace, vou save a app tes very orctr ;gg.~.·1;  gg?       ~» Y
· . · . . . "    *2*;:4:.5  · iy .   :» " —  ’@a:~’“¢f¢’ ~ *      K; ,;—:~, I i , ¤
bly to sotl. Lover crops save the surface soil ’ ¤     I; VNCOVERED i_
front being washed away   ti?"*2?'      $1% *  1 l c Q 1
. A . . . ·‘ .   "#         1 ~ UL TNATFD `
l·ront trrlorntattott Iurntshetl bv over l()(l_()(l(l   “ 3‘i"$j _ "’i]      " ¤  
· · ’·  F ‘;**Z‘Z?—~   ". .‘ )..!‘ "· - .‘. ,..e L  *’·7i ”., ·»  "
Iarnters cooperating wttlt tlte .\grtcttltural (lon-   *¤·,¢‘2ZE;)I  ’¤¤" “.   il \F4RM LAND I I 
. . _ . . . * . . e Ia.   rj; · _· .:+   ‘=‘·. , ·=§-1..* re~;~ . _ _,§f. ··
scrvatton rrovtratn trt Iflrltt tt ts evident that of *   .,.. ts        `§€<‘i°?-.    lull I e ."
.. " . . .  A··—¢¤ ’» - tw 4, 3 I ’»;           $‘s~~,.c{»:¤ _ , nrt/».,
.>,Iflll.(lllfl acres ol lattd tn Ixentucky normally _‘  gir·,,}?·      i ·.»!*°’l.§ee %¤1=*  R13 l,\ ` '*”" I /
used lor the cultivatiottl of crops that leave tht-  I;   I,-·%-;j,  I  
land bare  ‘    1 ·     ··¥—· ¢;»1*?=Y‘——  ` 1 I ·· (N —-——
- , ” . . · ·•   ..        . *:2* .. · sr sri;.   2f&»·.,,  : ~_ *? :;=¤·¤l¤l1L'“"“ 'Ye ·=*"
th I>t·rtt·nt. are lelt unprotected tltru the win-    ¢·  **.3    Ip. hey   ‘ ‘   `    .1.;.-;"‘ fb I-Z·   (e 142, ""’NGr
_. ·. I _, _ _ - _ I __ . _ »        -.&.  ..,,,‘   isa. ¥,v;..»·   ~€s;a  . ’.   . ,9
ttt. It ts t <.u. tlrerelote, that tlte growing trl  »;;1=.. as ~·.sIIII,I;»,     I   0_,-/ON ..-
rover crops ts ol prtnre tntportance tn lxenttttky s   f fw   .¥   ,   J- -  
soil-bttiltlin<¤‘ and A >i - o wr ‘i · · W; .   I
5 , `( I ( USL \ ng lung] [11)* ‘ " Caused by the lzrcl: of protective covering, Plug the hole with cover crops.
1

 ‘ <   —,.4
an1our1ts representing equal money values pro- and, on the basis of earning capacity, it is worth I
duced slightly smaller yields when used with two or three trmesias much per aore as the un- * ¢      
limestone, and slightly larger yields when used treated land. Again, these materials not only ·
without limestone than has superphosphate. increase the vegetative growth above the ground l      
The last illustration also shows the average but [h€Y develop ih PhoPoI`Uoo the root $YStomS H I   »
annual mlm Of gains Pep acre {Op Pasture of plants, thus aiding in preventing soil erosion r· i • ,s<·—
grazed with steers on the Princeton farm, valu- PY Phodholhg a good sr¤¤¤d Cover ood moYoaS‘ ‘ _ _, .e··
ing beef at 8 cents per pound. The average an- mg organic Iuattor- ` :5,.
nual value of the gain per acre on the check. or re ; ,_   l' -
untreated held, was only $3.78, while on the IIOW TO USE LIME AND PIIOSPHATE t E ‘ s;
`- . t l ltl t ··eann‘l , . .. . é    
hmcd "md pliohpha eq am I? whldg ud The best trrne to spread lnnrng materials and i=  .  ~ _ M »  , V , , --   · i __.,
value of the gain was §pl1.97 per acre. . . . _ _ _ ——   ,.,.     __;, ». y  ..
phosphate is when land is being prepared for _     ~~·~ y spe ._:-   —o _-   W  »—,_
· -· ~ · ‘ ‘ ¤;~?`;£·  {  _.· s      ’
LIME AND pnospnnis irvrmove QUALITY lhhhhhg 9’hPS» as they hah thhh he hhhh thmhly  i,<;,··  r .»..  
AND AID IN SOIL CONSERVATION rnrxed with the soil. However, they may be ‘   }t‘}_£»2$;j';_¤~‘i»3_,g;i  ,e——-  
profitably used as a top dressing on small grain, J.      »’     ze  
Results of experimental work show that lime hay and pasture crops. Especially is this true of s [ I         “          
and phosphate treatment improves the quality phosphate. Phosphate can be very conveniently · `_ · .· ‘ g ~ Qjgfy?   ·‘ if 
of the various crops. It lessens the proportion spread thru the fertilizer attachment on the Q V l. °   i-_ I   r `
0[ inferior com ears and wheat heads, resulting grain drill when seeding small grain. · _ ·‘~,·`,_~,     “ {
· ,   . i ‘ — ~ ‘ ~ ·‘ ‘ ~ ` .· . ».,, J: ..,. {    ir_. ¢<*'€ —·`‘    ;».. ,;s*. —  ` »—‘»r‘’` ~
in more plump grains of both corn and wheat. l\I€lI`i}’.f£ll1l1€v1S·1l1 Kentucky are using heavier s_ ,   _,p__}s,s.,ss,%t_p§_-A§,;M, l .o
lt increases materially the growth of both clovers applications of limestone than rs necessary. Two   I  
and gmssgs in hay and pasturehelds, thus hold- tons QC? HQYC is SI1mCl€¤§ 011 IIIOSK Soils uIII€$$ [h€   Liynestgng sho phosphate Ng hmostoho gr phosphsto
ing in check the growth of wild grasses, weeds land is being prepared for alfalfa. Then 3 or 4 Vi ‘ WHEAT
and bushes. Finally, lime and phosphate treat- tons per acre may be used. Many farmers,. on as [ ,
ment increases the content of minerals and pro- the other hand, do not use as liberal applications ,
tein in crops,. espegally legume crops, thereby of phosphate as they should. ` LIME AND I,H0SPHATE_
increasing their fee ing va ue. A i JL Increase Cmp Yields
Another effect is that there is a large accumu- LIME AND PIIOSPHATE WILL NOT DO IT ALL " ` Ensure Greater Proms 4
lation of lime and phosphate in the treated land . . .
Other essentials of ood soil management are: Im rove ualit of Cm s
U [ S s rr Q y r>
Se O. Cover CrOPs' Aid In Soil Conservation
ANNUAL VALUEISEF glgggs AND PASTURE Use of terraces where needed. " ‘—
R Maintaining large percent of farm in grass
gy}; and legume mixtures. f •
€”d Proper use of farm manure and crop ,
/$$05/Adi, residues. Potash also may be needed for 2 °
t $53% some crops on some soils.
'triiiiiiiiwlffinitl   · ,, ·
fillgllifixijiflfifggl Uh S"C1§1t?;§Eg;l§vg2; §’é;?£ hhlowlhg hhd rxrrxsiox Division, eo1.L1;e1; or AGRICULTURE
/[/O L/he   6,,0; ' `° *~ University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
F6 Ori f   phggpééié For fuythgy iufoyulugjou, Cgngult your COuu[y TllOAl.·\S P. Coovmz, Dean and Director
05/ 6* ° }{;g¤·»»»t.lfiiffi».¤¤·¤·· ,. A pt ·t [ tl K L .k A ,- It 1
m....,hm.m••¤· _   g€ { OY Wl`1 6. 0 le- en uc y grrcu ura
  :i§:iffi'.{".uH,'lh‘il{i`··[;° No {W6 §iiEifffIfllfii:£ii;i= Experiment Station, Lexington, Kentucky, ii.
'·•¤¤¤iiii¤ii¤¤¥" nnmumumt g 0;- _ nnnn p A2 l ¤
lwiiiiiitiilli liliwmiuiitwl po me illllhllhlllitz  
ills: ········ t:::¤i¤‘»' lh:.v··¤-···i:i" °"° tltwaxitiatiiilll
num IIIIIIII   hm \II||II`II|| wi In  nm". umm;
        Published in connection with the agricultural extension
"lmtiiununmlllw gmltrgsmunntlllflg     $ 1 work carried on by co—0peration of the College of Agriculture,
|‘""'""“" `"""""""" f University of Kentucky, with the U. S. Department of Agri-
          culture. and distributed in furtherance of the work provided for
{ in the Act of Congress of May 8, 1914.
CROPS PASTURE ·
I I
3 ve

 Y i `_
KENTUCKY SOILS NEED LIME l LIME AND PHOSPHATE INCREASE CROP percent. The use of lime and phosphate pro-
AND PH OSPH A-I-E ’ r- AND PASTURE YIELDS miieslcrhellgerprvzflhdoftla grpalter variety of grasses
Man ears’ results from ten outl in ex eri— l . g _ . € € O C llclllllls mlxmms
B S C JONES ll Y . ll g lll wlrrch otherwise could not be used Thus not
Y · · ~~ ment helds show marked crop increases from ODI is the ieldincr db 1 ' . *
MOYC than ll“`€€‘l0“l`lllS Ol lllc land in K€“‘ . l . lilussmc alO“€ and lmlll l’llOSPl“l€ al°“€· but is llalngthengd md srefifglrerudrialltélilirlllgrzcasfn
—‘ "' `e dl lt. . ‘   ` ‘- ‘ ‘ S`P`0‘
prcléyptrs dehprerif rralliggrlrlhge Sgickp gpgpépug- I- the rncrepsep on} lahnd treated wrtht both? lime duwdl Over most Of Kentucky, lime and Phos-
ll ‘l° ’ lllllc lgl ll gl ‘ . O S Ollc {mh l) losp lll C me lllllcl greg cl' .0l Cxl phate are essential to the successful Jroduction
grass region, if rt has not prevrously been treiltefl arrrple, limestone alone rncreasd the yield of Of _IH_I1fa l
with lime and phosphate, responds prohtably to "’ _ = corn 6.9 bushels and phosphate alone 9.5 bushels éoglpzirison Of results On the Older CX cri-
such treatment. Yvllilllll the Bluegrass region. Jer acre, wlrrle the rncrease on land treated wrtlr I . . . P
most of the land responds to lime and much of 1 lroth limestone and phosphate was 17 5 bushels lllclll l'€l°lS lOl lllll lllsl Clglll llclllls Shows more
rt to phosphate. Probably half of rt needs both , per acre, or 1.1 bushels more than the sum of 6.9 Illéllhgsi gflliflllclllgllllllhllleldlél Ol Clolb lfmll lor
for prohtable yields. Proof that Kentucky soils ° ’= bushels with limestone alone and 9.5 bushels ,ICCumIIlaI§OH gflliilc au§{)S1IO;;$11g?;§SIyfO in
;s   ` dl‘1te`fn- ·` .:9 .`   `~ ‘ . .2 . ‘ ZISOO
llc llmlllllg lll l)Olll llllle llll Pl"°l’ lll ll lll llllll llllmllll llc _ lllllllc Collllllllwllé lOl lllc an accurnulatron of or anrc matter and nitro en
rshed not only by the chemical analyses ol thou- wheat and hay crops were even more marked. Su ) med b the le uni _ . I1 _ .g
sands of samples, made by the Kentucky Experr- _ The increases for the land treated with both lmlIl I0 Ih€liaI_I_CI_ _I·%IOuIiI gllpwll mu EFIlOlil[lOll*
ment Station, but also by 10 to 25 years’ results l ‘ limestone and phosphate over the land having hm 1 b   fl I 1 . O fllfllglc .lgl was lc-
1`rorn ten experiment helds in different parts of ; no limestone or phosphate were: for corn, 17.5 lcl Ccllllsc O llc lllglll lll? CS l)lO llc€°l‘
., I,   · 1.2- ·tl-. _ .   ·. . _   ·,
thcIStttc, (the blrsrs lor the illus 1 rtrons rn Ins I bushels, lor wheat, 88 bushels, for Irnrxed LIME AND PHOSPHATE ENSURE
leaflet) and by the results of hundreds of lmre __ I clover and grass hay, 2,115 pounds; and lor soy- GREATER PROFITS
and phosphate derrronstratrons conducted by " ’ " bean hay, 1,405 pounds. Obviously, on most
l¥*l`lllCl`$_ Coolluallllg Wllll Ululllll llgcllls lll all l€—€mllCl‘Y wil ll is m0l`€ Pmlllalalc Y0 u5€ bnlli The illustrations show the average annual
parts of the State. I limestone and phosphate. I I I yield and value of crops per acre for ear corn,
1;-img Sn; ., I ` Eight years ol pasture experiments rn grazing wheat gmilh and mixed Clover and grass hay
0 P ll I steers on the VVestern Kentucky Substatron at grown on ten outlying soil experiment fields (1)
  “_ Pl`ln€€l0n $ll0W 0nlY 47-2 P0un€l$ annual gain on land having no lime or phosphate, and (2)
  P€}` acre on unU`€al€€l land. Wlnlfi the annual on land treated with limestone and superphos-
  A 1 .., garn on lrmed and phosphated land was 149.6 phate. Ooru is valued at 75 mms Per bushel;
No Lime   pounds, an increase of 102.4 pounds, or 217 wheat,   per bushel; hay, $12.00 per ton;
01. Phosphate   I lrrnestorre,   per ton; and 20—percent super-
`   _` Lime and phosphate, 81.20 per 100 pounds.
A:)   A l` Plwsphalle Other forrrrs of soluble phosphate show very
    sirrrilar results. Ground rock phosphate used in
-•~••• -¢•i-*  8
•¤••"·U’ id ';
    3 _ Q§\\ ’ Lime and
,::1 §·$ ;   . .& l Phosphate
  °'·•*=* ¢·-Z NO Llme 5 -7 ;r~—:`$`— x
;;=¢.: g=_={-3; _ or Phosphate 5 ·;.‘ yy :3-eigyqrq ;;_
:..•':¢";:   5 { .,Tfl·€l.:`l.¢i§,·,h',§r>} .
e · ‘ . : » ..’¢`¢·-..‘.·°' M"? *.-·a‘ Q"`-A.
L E   E · y ,? or Phosphate ?·"l.?l·~ll) ‘ — ~ll·lF’\ ll 4*
) $ — _; ; Z ,·hrI r VX .U;»,WI ,•¢.r:xI
  gg ’ ;- » ;‘ 5 .» r. 11=` A ‘R‘·J· lIv"•‘.
  Y 6 6_};' = fw .·‘·/sc`: ,·{\\· \~\  `*\(’ '·l%‘.
• _.   . ,I. =; _ rj E I’•‘.;.’:·»__ ‘ ·} fw-~;.‘{
EE';-_•;===   ;—_3_ 4 3.305/·/ELS; III,»,;4%·,`I.,§r_ r({,§\léI {   ,4%.,,
2:;;:3:2 g¢$’.1=·_•;$ Q , T   /2   r" ` r· =:·`, . 1f' q/.:¢\. »;§j2w.ll
    _ .5,*/éts'; t cz I·_,§<; (/ 70 y:·;\   r`! Zawya; ¢I._\\%y))J
. •• z 3** '. _¢•, * ’ li ’ E 4 QU" . /,.Z‘-» l “· , 1 rl ·:1E’ ·
§E=§§5 ¢$·-·»2—.'·5% '· : 2 Q r g · A ~   ,.y».. Qt .•`.z···.. wu ·/i-·.-·l/·
lcs · ` ' ’ * ‘ /~; k .— . " .'l· r' · ‘ ` I `•   . x··‘.§‘·
··:$%%’?· ?·E;"€";i l é ; ~ é lr . ""?’  of A *l»l/".%·*&». g y _r·;r\\    ·r.¤>¤2=s.¤-    ·  all ty    2:-r·
      _; \   rg .,· •\. rhfrf U,·I_..  I  rr I {yy: · / !q,.‘,».·.  .
• `_Qf}` \   _' " ` ‘_ ' ` é|J’5`
\`lr=g.‘£• ·.§__ , _ WHEAT HAY
CORN ' ‘
7 `
1

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CHEWING AND SMOKING WHILE  
WORKING IN TOBACCO 2 { L _
R d f h
Barn-cured chewing and smoking tobaccos are     Or t €
a common source of mosaic and should not be _' C 1 f L { D'
used by those who handle tobacco plants in the   i Ontro O ea 1868888
plant bed or Held. lf a person who chews or l   Tobacco
smokes barn—cured tobacco is to weed a bed or ,: {
pull or set plants, his pockets should be brushed i .
out and his hands washed very thoroly with soap g i
and water before he begins the work. Manufac- _ l •
tured tobaccos are much safer to use than barn- ni "
cured tobacco but it is desirable to use no tobacco 3 _ 0
of any kind while weeding or pulling, especially — e s` __r Typ
if the beds must be pulled over more than once. $`·   \ • gy » __  
Tobacco plants from a neighbor’s bed should Z y fi ,   i by  
not be used unless one is certain that men who I ` — y .;   · A . ky`.; 
chew or smoke barn»cured tobacco have not 5. s (   i` ‘ . _ d` "  
workedin the bed.   ’ < J  t g . J · J  i`  
USE OF TOBACCO REFUSE AS FERTILIZER     ’  » A       i'    .   T i
Tobacco refuse should not be used on the   ‘            iii:  ‘ W
tobacco plant bed as a fertilizer in any form and   [ik   _ia`  3f        . /” . .  I} ,
stalks and barn sweepings should not be applied O ` i‘ T y   ' T  ·;   if  ky?
to a Held which is to be planted with tobacco thc ¤ p ·¤   ,   ,...   if aa   `     I
same season. t   v_ g-    Rf:  
R0o.U1NG   Y   ~ · ·? _ .»t»ii      
If, in gpitg Of thgsg Pygcgultionsl a few Inosaic v;   ,_ Time for application of first lJlU9StO1`1E-ll1`l`l9 treatment.
french, or walloon plants appear in the held they ·
should be pulled and carried out early in the -
season. No healthy plants should then be touched ; ; E •
until the hands have been thoroly washed with  
soap and water. i
A3 v_ t EXTENSION DIVISION, COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
" University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Thomas P. Cooper, Dean and Director
` March, 1939
Published in connection with the agricultural extension work
\ I carried on by co-operation of the College of Agriculture, Univer-
"   " sity of Kentucky, with the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and
y distributed in furtherance of the work provided for in the Act of
Congress of May 8. 1914.

 t
`° •.
How to Apply. The mixture is applied to
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE ¤ e the bed with an ordinary l0-quarft sprinkling `
EA ES can without removing the cotton cover from the
CONTROL OF LEAF DIS S bed. Logs or boards used to frame the bed
OF TOBACCO T · should also be sprinkled. A 50-gallon container ,
of the mixture will treat 200 square yards, or (ifi
By W. D. VALLEAU and E. M. JOHNSON linear yards of bed 9 feet wide, or 50 linear yards I
_ _ of bed l2 feet wide. This is at the rate of l c uart
The diseases which can be controlled by pre- ‘ •» my S unc md 1 °
ventive measures are angular leafspot or rust in I q l
the plant bed, a disease connnon and injurious HOW T0 PREPARE RLUESTONEJJME
in \tVhite Burley beds; wildhre in the plant bed, = [ MIXTURE
a disease which 1S becoming increasingly destruc- L lfill ll Clean 5O_guHOH bmrcj or Oil drum ·
UVC m the (Luk mbacw wd ll him Butler Planl three-fourths full of water strained thru a cloth.
l *1: ` ste` K) t ·k ·· zn 'l1l'll` leafs >ot and - . . . .
TU _m WGS lu. ui uf l’ l_ g .(_ (_ I _i_ ’ * 2. 'Ihoroly mix Lf pounds of commercial hy-
wtldhre in the held, diseases which are pznticu- __ . . _ _ / _ _ . _ N . I _
j 1 1 j L_ U duk mblu) md ljjmlu diated lllllC 1n 5 ot ·f gallons of stunned water.
;· ··r·1· >z·’ Nc;   . . . ,
H Y (Lb UL lc ° ’ _ Iclydrated lnne IS the powdered l1lIlC in paper
(also known as walloon and dry-weather french), _ jwks Commonly Sold by lumber ylujs
including the burning which results from certain " “ jj ` _ L _ i
. 3 _ . . . _ o. Dissolve 45 pounds of powdered bluestone in
strains of lll()Sil1(j which ruins the upper, most _ _
. . . . _ about #1 gallons of water in a wooden bucket or
valuable leaves of dark tobacco. fhese diseases _ _ _
. . . _ _ . si , crock. lf powdered bluestone, wlnch dissolves
both impair the quality and decrease the yield _ _ _ _
of mbjcco readily, is not available, beat the crystals into a
. . . _ hne powder before trying to dissolve them. Your
lhe practices recommended have been thoro-
. . . , hardware dealer can get powdered bluestone for
ly tested and are known to be effective 1n increas- ·· ¤
ing yield and improving quality of all types of lOu`
_ 7 _ L_ ) - ' , . v ` , { . . , ` . .
mbucw grown m kentucky, if Camfujjy [OjjOW€d_ 1. lout the hmc paste into thc brnicl of water
'__ _ _ . .`» ,]`»,.`..° .,°..   T ,_
jhcj, mc Cheap and Czlsljy Cmjlcd Om. They am x { and sfll. \\.h1lc stnring xigotously, add thc bluc
designed to prevent infection of the plants in the Sumc SOIUUOU Slowly
bed and avoid the spread of infection in the 5- Adil Cmlugh WMC? W m¥*l<€ 50 §¤ll<>¤5-
field. a t fi. Stir the mixture each time the sprinkling
BLUESTONEJJIME PLANT_BED TREATMENT can is filled; CAUTION. The water, barrel, and ’
other containers should be free from bits of ma-
When f0 Apply, \Vhen the plants are just ·, ( terial which will clog the rose of the sprinkler.
established in the bed and are >roducin    Jvviwf,   `~_,_ V`!    6** _ s
 I}; r ly g Lngineci lllg, Exper nnent Station, Lexington, Ky.   _.__      
I °  z’.i”{  ;. ‘ .1. ~.  {   ‘  {fir ` ~ —€~<;’—1 ,t§’>    
I ' * " 2       ‘ ‘ ¤'  /»==    i me    ¤ *=%“*$‘· '    
_\\\ V / §   ··__    -··t   .%e§w,;;·,s Vg ,5,;  . _,_;;,~
: ’/ I ~l4f...r= ¢.   j  il,  i";   M _ ._  
T'.   z     1; ' . ¢ V               ’e—ss     ,,    
yl ,` _ 4 y /,’ ’_» g V t _ — g ne.  -_ Q, ·   ,y*` '{   ‘y.é;;A ;$li;V‘~`   ·     LQ,  `    
*-·" I ' I, ,- -"- ·l   _    Ja. . '. . , ·
...    ',»_'__ yf Ei ’°,   A up Q » _   *°‘>   V‘=·A_ Gullies in corn middles.
  I   E .. » ,. 2 ·U*?:,2!ii¥; ·__,,,.w    . ""··" ...
, I `6     ..   .~i+·.   ‘ ~   · - . Do Your Plowed Fields Look Like This?
[ ..·<"e _ V:   ,·     n I ·· .· {
E  di!.   =¢,s.i,.‘*   ix   Q
F 5 V .   vr..   1+*;;,.
· . . ' I ·` .: .· . 'lili" ` 31* ‘-ii ’Z' 5*:*-* 'iti-.¤'}·.iY°’··.,_" ~» 1
s ' ~ V   ,   ... . .....  
2,   :·-" ·‘‘.   "" ;i;y, qa.    1 A
" ' ‘ LT AT N
M 'i Corn planted on the contour. CONTOUR CU IV IO
r Reduces Erosion
A4
` -V; Conserves Moisture
il   Requires Less Power
' y in Plowing, Cultivating and Seeding
‘$ .
I
·.
V 2 _ EXTENSION DIVISION. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
·, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
; Thomas P. Cooper, Dean and Director
Published in connection with the agricultural extension work
i carried on by co-operation of the College of Agriculture, University
of Kentucky, with the U. S. Department of Agriculture. and dis-
t' ,_ tributed in furtherance of the work provided for in the Act of
_ Congress of May 8, 1914.
1
‘ E

 i  
1
C C lt- t- 1 The combination of terracing and contour cul- T0 Stake Out a Guide Row. In a small field
Ontour u Iva 101,1 _, tivation is the nrost effective means of controlling with a uniform slope, one guide row usually is
f. erosion durin a Jeriod of cultivation; but, if suiiicient. In fields of less uniform slo e, more than
By EARL G. WELCH and JOHN L. McKITRICK g l P
terracing is not practiced, contour cultivation ards one guide row will be required. One guide row will
. Q greatly in reducing erosion during the period of serve all that part of a Held where rows planted
WHY CONTROL EROSION? a rotation when land is not occupied by a vegeta- parallel to it will be approximately level. The
. . . tive cover. ste Js to be taken in stakin · out a ·uide row with
'1`0 Conserve Agricultural Land. Lrosron de- l _ g 3
. . . . _ _ . · »;,_ a level are as lollows:
pletes the lertrhty ol uplands by the removal ol H M_ _
. . . . . _ I 10 Save 11me and Power. Rows laid out on _ _ _
soil which rs deposited rn stream channels and thus . . . l. Select a point where the slope rs the average
, . . . . ‘ the contour not only conserve soil but also time rn _ ,
causes poor drainage ol otherwise lertrle Jottonr . . . lor that part of the held and set a stake to mark the
, turning, because the average length ol rows rs usu- _ _ _ _ __
land. '* . . . starting point ol the gtude row. See A, l·1gure l.
all reater than rt would be rf the rows were
Y S
To Ctmserve Plant F00d. Erosion l`€lIlO\’€$ strai `ht. Likewise, less ower is re uired in culti- 2. Set the level at a roximatelr the same eleva-
8 PP I
more plant lood than do harvested crops and, un- - vating around the hill than when the rows are laid tion as the starting point and some 300 feet in the
less controlled, 1]l2ll<€S impossible the economical out up and down the slope. Thus ll is €2\S1€‘l` on direction the row IS to be staked.
maintenance of soil fertility. both team and driver. The same is true in >lowin<¤‘,
( I N t
_ . . . A . 5. Level the telescope.
h S _l It lf C _ _ 1 preparation ol the seed bed, seeding and harvesting t
1 e . enturres are re