xt7tdz02zp2k https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7tdz02zp2k/data/mets.xml Hughes, R. E. (Robert Elkin), b. 1869. 1900  books b929769h8742009 English R. Clarke company : Cincinnati, Ohio Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Goebel-Taylor contest, 1899-1900. That Kentucky campaign; or, The law, the ballot and the people in the Goebel-Taylor contest. text That Kentucky campaign; or, The law, the ballot and the people in the Goebel-Taylor contest. 1900 2009 true xt7tdz02zp2k section xt7tdz02zp2k 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
THAT KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN; or the L a w , the Ballot and the People in the Goe^el J a y l o r Contest* * >    B y R f E f H u g h e s , R W , Schaefer and E * L * Williams, Louisville. Kentucky* ^  

ILLUSTRATED

THE ROBERT CLARKE COMPANY P U B L I S H E R S , C I N C I N N A T I , O ., 1900

  
COPYRIGHT, BY HUGHES, SCHAEFER

1 900, & WILLIAMS.

  
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER H o w That Campaign Began '. CHAPTER Events Before the Campaign o f 1899 CHAPTER That Louisville Convention CHAPTER The Nominee Repudiated CHAPTER The Republicans Nominate CHAPTER Goebel's Attempts to Pacify Democrats CHAPTER Goebel Opens H i s Campaign CHAPTER Brown Nominated CHAPTER Republican Campaign Opens CHAPTER " I Ask N o Quarter and I Fear N o F o e . " CHAPTER Manifestations by the E l e c t i o n M a c h i n e r y CHAPTER Bryan in Kentucky CHAPTER Campaign Developments CHAPTER A Stirring Finish CHAPTER Election Day ( v) XV. 120 XIV. 1 11 XIII. 98 XII. S9 XI. 83 X. 57 IX. 7
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I. i II. 9 III. 16 IV. 43 V. 5   VI. 56 VII. 63 VIII. 67

  
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Contents.
CHAPTER XVI.
I2

W h a t of the E l e c t i o n ? CHAPTER T h e Louisville Case i CHAPTER U p to the State Board CHAPTER Taylor Declared Elected CHAPTER Taylor Inaugurated CHAPTER The H a r r e l Sensation CHAPTER Goebel's N o t i c e of Contest Filed CHAPTER A C r y of Fraud CHAPTER Goebel's Iron Hand CHAPTER Bryan on the Contests CHAPTER Mountaineers Invade the Capital CHAPTER Senator Goebel Shot CHAPTER Governor Goebel CHAPTER. XXIX. Parley Between Rivals CHAPTER Contest A g a i n Decided CHAPTER D e a t h of G o v . G o e b e l CHAPTER The Peace Agreement CHAPTER Gov. Goebel's Funeral XXXIII. XXXII. XXXI. XXX. XXVIII. XXVII. XXVI. XXV. XXIV. XXIII. XXII. XXI. XX. XVIII. >.. XIX. XVII.
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Contents.
CHAPTER T o the Federal Court CHAPTER Suits i n State Courts CHAPTER N o ' R e p e a l of G o e b e l E l e c t i o n L a w CHAPTER Republican State Officers Unseated CHAPTER Search for the Assassin CHAPTER The Arrests CHAPTER C o u r t of A p p e a l s A g a i n s t T a y l o r CHAPTER Indictments Against Many CHAPTER A r g u m e n t s Before the Supreme Court CHAPTER The Culton Examination CHAPTER "A Holy War." CHAPTER T a y l o r Loses i n the Supreme Court XLV. XLIV. XLIII. XLII. XLI. XL. XXXIX. XXXVIII. XXXVII. XXXV. ; XXXVI. XXXIV.

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HALF-TONE ILLUSTRATIONS.

Scene of the Goebel Shooting Governor W i l l i a m Goebel G o v e r n o r W . S. T a y l o r G o v e r n o r J . C. W . Beckham Lieutenant-Governor John Marshall Ex-Governor John Young Brown Captain W . J . Stone General P. W a t Hardin R e p u b l i c a n L e a d e r s at L o n d o n T h e State House Judge W . S. P r y o r a n d C a p t a i n W . T . E l l i s , ex-Members

Frontispiece
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State 55 155 177 165 165 165 203 229

Election Commission State B o a r d of E l e c t i o n C o m m i s s i o n e r s Legislators U n i t e d States Senator W . J . Deboe U n i t e d States Senator-elect J . C . S. B l a c k b u r n E x - G o v e r n o r W . O. Bradley Goebel's Last Instructions Soldiers P a t r o l l i n g the Streets Soldiers i n the State House G r o u n d s S o l d i e r s R e a d y to D i s p e r s e D e m o c r a t i c L e g i s l a t o r s , W h o W e r e a M e e t i n g i n the Capital H o t e l C a p i t o l G a t e , F e b r u a r y 1st, 5 P. M . ; S p e a k e r T r i m b l e , A c c o m p a n i e d Democratic Legislators, Demanding Admittance ; "In the the K e n t u c k y Legislature" M i l i t i a m e n i n Charge of C a p i t o l Square G a t t l i n g G u n S q u a d i n F r o n t of the E x e c u t i v e B u i l d i n g Court House, Louisville Laurel County Seminary B u i l d i n g , at L o n d o n , w h e r e the Republican Legislators Conducted Their Meetings Historic Capital Hotel, Frankfort State Arsenal, Frankfort T h e Goebel Funeral T r a i n and Funeral Scenes Cemetery Chapel, Where Governor Goebel's Remains Were Deposited Temporarily Colonel Jack C h i n n S p e a k e r of the H o u s e S o u t h T r i m b l e Circuit Judge J . E . Cantrill Eph T . L i l l a r d , W a r d e n of the F r a n k f o r t P e n i t e n t i a r y Democratic Senate Moore, Franklin County L i l i a n ! H . Carter, President P r o Tern, of the County Judge Dan (viii) by N a m e of . Planning

229 229

229 245 255 261 26 r 261 261 271 2 71 281 281 2 81 2S1 2 81 313

  
Illustrations.
W . H . Culton, Charged with Accessory of W i l l i a m Goebel H e n r y E . Youtsey, Charged w i t h Accessory Before the Fact in the Murder of W i l l i a m Goebel F . W . G o l d e n , Star Witness for the Prosecution i n the E x a m i n i n g T r i a l of Caleb Powers W i l l i a m Goebel G r o u p of Judges of C o u r t of A p p e a l s Editor H e n r y Watterson Editor W . C. P. Breckinridge Editor Sam. J . Roberts Editor R. W . Knott Editor Urey Woodson '. Before the Fact i n the Murder

ix
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C a l e b P o w e r s , C h a r g e d w i t h A c c e s s o r y Before the F a c t i n the M u r d e r of 3 *3 39
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TOGETHER

WITH

SEVENTY-FIVE CARTOONS, THE FOLLOWING PAPERS:

CHIEFLY

FROM

*

Chicago Chronicle (Lederer). Chicago News. Chicago Record (Schmedtgen). Chicago Tribune. Louisville Dispatch (Nievack). Louisville Times (Cawein). Indianapolis News (Powers). Indianapolis Press.

Minneapolis Tribune N e w York Journal New York World Pittsburg

(Bart).

(Davenport). (Bush).

Chronicle-Telegraph. (Hedrick).

Pittsburg Dispatch (Martin). St. L o u i s Globe-Democrat W a s h i n g t o n Post (Berryman).

  
  
INTRODUCTION.

P i c t u r e s q u e as p o l i t i c s i n K e n t u c k y has a l w a y s b e e n , i n the 1 899 c a m p a i g n f o r g o v e r n o r was c o n c e n t r a t e d a k a l e i d o s c o p i c v a r i e t y of features a g a i n s t a b a c k g r o u n d of s t r e n u o u s p o l i t i c a l c onflict t hat t h r e a t e n e d o n m a n y o c c a s i o n s to i g n i t e i n t o t h e flame o f r e v o l u t i o n . C o u r a g e o u s m e n w e r e t h o s e w h o l e d t h e c o n t e n d i n g forces. S t r o n g p r i n c i p l e s w e r e t h o s e that w e r e i n v o l v e d . M i g h t y c o n v u l s i o n s w e r e t h o s e p r o v o k e d i n the c o m m o n w e a l t h that boasts o f s o l a r g e a p e r cent, of A n g l o - S a x o n b l o o d i n the v e i n s of its white inhabitants. A c o n v u l s i o n d a t i n g f r o m the i n n o c u o u s s p r i n g t i m e o f 1899 h a d n o t spent its force n e a r l y a y e a r later, w h e n t h i s r e c i t a l w e n t to p r e s s . P i t t e d i n t h a t K e n t u c k y c a m p a i g n was the A m e r i c a n ' s p r i d e , p a r t y ties, a g a i n s t h i s g l o r y , f r e e d o m of f r a n c h i s e . T h r e e i r o n m e n l e d i n the b a t t l e     W i n . G o e b e l , W . S. T a y l o r a n d J o h n Y o u n g B r o w n . N o t o n e of t h e m f a l t e r e d at a n y s tage o f t he o r o s e c u t i o n of his a i m . D o u b t l e s s the m o s t r e m a r k a b l e o f t hese w a s G o e b e l . " I ask n o q u a r t e r , a n d I fear n o f o e . " w e i e h i s r e a d y w o r d s . F r o m a n h u m b l e b e g i n n i n g he b u i l t his o w n w a y u p to the e m i n e n c e of p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h K e n t u c k y ' . l e g a l g i a n t , J o h n G . C a r l i s l e . S e n t o n c e to the state senate, he r e m a i n e d t h e r e f o r t w e l v e y e a r s , u n t i l h is d e a t h . A d eep p o l i t i c i a n , h e was n o t o n e of s u g a r e d w i l e s so m u c h as o n e of w i l l a n d f o r c e . S t i l l a y o u n g m a n     l i t t l e o v e r f o r t y     h e h a d spent nearly his lifetime in politics without attracting great attention a s a n o r a t o r o r b y d i s p l a y s of g r e a t b r i l l i a n c e . H e h a d l a i d u p a s t o r e of steady success, h o w e v e r , a n d a host of e n e m i e s , a n d at t he same t i m e a n i n c o m e of p o s s i b l y $25,000 p e r year. While p r o m i n e n t politicians rose and declined, W m . G o e b e l never rec e d e d a n i n c h , a n d the m o r e astute ones w h o c a m e i n c o n t a c t w i t h h i m felt the q u i v e r of r e s e r v e force i n the m a n t h a t a w e d t h e m a n d b r o u g h t t h e m to respect h i s s i m p l e s t d e s i r e . How l o n g W m . G o e b e l h a d b e e n w a i t i n g a n d p l a n n i n g for the h a i r b r e a d t h o p p o r t u n i t i e s he seized s u c c e s s f u l l y i n the 1899 c a m p a i g n m a y n e v e r be k n o w n , but that he h a d forecast i n h i s o w n m i n d every move months and weeks i n advance seemed p r o b a ble. T h e r e w a s a n e c r o i r j a n c y a b o u t the s uccess o f the m a n t h a t n o n e c o u l d e x p l a i n . C o l d , o u t w a r d l y at least, he was n o t o n e
(xi)

  
xii

Introduction.

t o attract one b y c o r d i a l i t y . H e was e x a c t i n g a n d s o m e w h a t imperious. H e listened while others advised a n d then t o l d t h e m w h a t to do. N o t m o r e t h a n a half d o z e n m e n i n K e n t u c k y c l a i m e d c o n f i d e n t l y to be i n t i m a t e w i t h h i m , a n d e v e n t h e y c o n flicted s o m e w h a t i n t h e i r estimate of the m a n . P e r s o n s w h o s o u g h t to m a k e one believe that G o e b e l was s o m e t h i n g u n e a r t h l y f o u n d ready believers. H e sprang into most p r o m i n e n c e as the s p o n s o r a n d s u p p o s e d l y the a u t h o r of a n e l e c t i o n l a w t hat put i n t o his hands the c o n t r o l of e v e r y c h a n c e i n v o l v e d i n t he K e n t u c k y e l e c t o r a l s y s t e m , a n d had it a d o p t e d . It t o o k t he s tate n e a r l y t w o y ears t o w a k e u p , a n d w h e n it d i d , t h e r e was G o e b e l as n o m i n e e for g o v e r n o r a n d r e a d y to b r a v e the m o s t t e r r i b l e p o l i t i c a l s t o r m that e ver b r o k e o v e r K e n t u c k y . He f ought a n d r a n a race w i t h a l l the zeal that c o u l d h a v e b e e n e x p e c t e d of a candidate by a c c l a m a t i o n , a n d w h e n t h r o w n i n t o his f ace w as the charge of g u i l t of the e l e c t i o n law, he t o l d h is f ell o w b e l i e v e r s i n national p o l i t i c a l i ssues that p a r t y r e g u l a r i t y b o u n d t h e m to s u p p o r t h i m , a n d his c l a i m was i n d o r s e d b y n o l ess t h a n the highest p a r t y a u t h o r i t y . T h i s b o l d n e s s was c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f G o e b e l , a n d m a i n t a i n e d as it was, s u s t a i n e d h i m m o r e , p o s s i b l y , t h a n a n y t h i n g e lse w i t h a p e o p l e that a d m i r e s c o u r a g e . G o e b e l was fighting f e r o c i o u s l y f r o m the m i n u t e that h e o p e n l y e n t e r e d the race u n t i l t he t i m e he was c u t d o w n b y a n u n k n o w n m a r k s m a n ' s b u l l e t , a n d a r e v u l s i o n of p u b l i c feeli n g m ade amends s o m e w h a t for the q u a r t e r that i n life h a d n o t been asked by him, n o r given. W . S . T a y l o r also was of a l o w l y o r i g i n . F r o m a l o g hut in s o u t h w e s t e r n K e n t u c k y , m a n y miles f r o m a r a i l r o a d even n o w , he w o n his o w n w a y t h r o u g h the c o u n t r y s c h o o l h o u s e i n t o t he s c h o o l m a s t e r ' s c h a i r , i n t o the c o u n t y c o u r t r o o m , i n t o thea t t o r n e y g e n e r a l ' s office. H e was p l o d d i n g , i n d u s t r i o u s a n d fixed i n p u r p o s e . W i t h t hese t h i n g s he made u p w h a t he l a c k e d i n p o l i s h a n d r e n o w n . H e h a d been elected a t t o r n e y g e n e r a l m u c h b y a c c i d e n t , s e c u r i n g - t h e n o m i n a t i o n f o u g h t for as a b i t o f g l o r y for a y o u n g a n d u n k n o w n m a n r a t h e r t h a n w i t h g o o d p r o s p e c t of e l e c t i o n . H e s e c u r e d the n o m i n a t i o n for g o v e r n o r b ecause h e was w i l l i n g t o w o r k for s uccess i n the f ace o f a l m o s t c e r t a i n a n n i h i l a t i o n . H e t o o k u p the c r y for a r e p e a l of t h e e l e c t i o n l aw. H e t o l d t he p e o p l e that it was the p r i n c i p l e , n o t t he m a n i n v o l v e d ; the r i g h t s of the people, not the r i g h t s of a n y p a r t y t hat w e r e i n q u e s t i o n . H e e v i d e n t l y t o l d t h e m t h i s s i n cerely. J o h n Y o u n g B r o w n was f o r f o r t y y e a r s a s strict a p a r t y m a n a s e v e r l i v e d i n K e n t u c k y , the h o m e of the " r a n k p a r t i s a n . " H e w as c o n g r e s s m a n s e v e r a l t i m e s , t h e n g o v e r n o r . H e was a r e -

  
  
xiv

Introduction.

c eptive candidate for n o m i n a t i o n i n 1899, a n d was c o n s i d e r e d att a c h e d to the G o e b e l f o r t u n e s . I n a few d ays a fter G o e b e l ' s n o m i n a t i o n h e d e c l a r e d h i m s e l f n o t b o u n d b y it, a n d o p p o s e d t o it. H e b e c a m e t he h e a d a n d f r o n t of the m o v e m e n t t h a t h a d a l r e a d y b e g u n , to b r e a k p a r t y ties of d ecades a n d m a i n t a i n a h opeless c ause t hat first of a l l s e e m e d to i n v o l v e a d e a t h b l o w t o personal ambition. T h i s m a n , aged i n years and gray i n the p a r t y s ervice, t u r n e d his f ace f r o m the s u p r e m e a u t h o r i t y of his a ffiliation t o agitate a p r i n c i p l e that h a d b e e n m a d e the battle c r y o f the o p p o s i t i o n to his p a r t y . H e p r e s i d e d o v e r t h o s e w h o a n n o u n c e d that they w o u l d sacrifice t h e m s e l v e s a n d t h e p a r t y to principle. A f t e r t he e l e c t i o n , a n d w h e n T a y l o r was d e c l a r e d e l e c t e d i n s pite of every art a n d artifice of a w o n d e r f u l b r a i n e m p l o y e d a gainst h i m , a n e w c a m p a i g n was b e g u n b y the t i r e l e s s G o e b e l . I t i n v o l v e d a n appeal to the l e g i s l a t u r e . O n p a r t y l i n e s , i t w a s f avorable. O n the lines that c a l l e d for c r o w n i n g G o e b e l i n s t e a d o f T a y l o r , it was e x t r e m e l y d o u b t f u l . A g a i n the ' r e m a r k a b l e a b i l i t y o f this m a n b e c a m e d i s p l a y e d , a n d b y the m a g i c of the w o r d " p a r t y " he b r o u g h t d a i l y the r u i n c l o s e r to T a y l o r . N e a r t he h o u r for the c l i m a x t h e r e was a s h o t a n d it p i e r c e d W i l l i a m Goebel through and through with a bullet u n e r r i n g in i ts c o u r s e . T h e m a j o r i t y i n the l e g i s l a t u r e , a l r e a d y w a v e r i n g , w as d e c i d e d b y this f o u l act a n d o n his d e a t h b e d d e l i v e r e d t o t he leader the coveted title u n d e r the difficulties that a r o s e f r o m a n a l l e g e d b a n u p o n the act. T h e chief j u s t i c e of the s tate w as c a l l e d i n , a n d d e l i v e r e d the o a t h . A c l a i m of a u t h o r i t y was s et u p . T h e c u l m i n a t i o n h a d a r r i v e d . U p o n T a y l o r a l l of t h i s was lost. " I was e l e c t e d , " he s a i d , " a n d y o u h a d to a d m i t i t . " P r o c l a m a t i o n s , i n j u n c t i o n s , t h r e a t s , p leas, a l l h a d n o e ffect o n t h i s m a n w h o d e c l a r e d that t h e v e r dict o f the people h a d b e e n e x p r e s s e d a n d t h e r e w a s n o p o w e r t o r e v o k e it. H i s s o l d i e r s h e l d his castle, w h i c h w a s the Stateh o u s e . B e l i e f that the assassin l u r k e d i n t h e b u i l d i n g w i t h h i m b r o u g h t d o w n c e n s u r e f r o m far a n d near. H i s efforts to d i s perse the l e g i s l a t u r e w e r e c o n d e m n e d as b e i n g a r b i t r a r y a n d f or s elf interest. H e made p o l i t i c a l m i s t a k e s , b u t n o n e of t h e m w as to y i e l d one i o t a of the s uccess t hat h a d m a r k e d his c a u s e i n t he e l e c t i o n . H e i g n o r e d one c o u r t after a n o t h e r that s p o k e a g a i n s t h i m , e v e n h o l d i n g t e n a c i o u s l y to the f o r m of a u t h o r i t y a n d t he s tate p r o p e r t y after the c o u r t of appeals h a d d e c i d e d a g a i n s t his title a n d p e n d i n g a d e c i s i o n i n the s u p r e m e c o u r t of t he U n i t e d S tates. A c c u s e d of c o m p l i c i t y i n the m u r d e r of G o e b e l , h e even b o r e u p u n d e r t h i s b l o w , w i t h his finger p o i n t i n g t o the p l u r a l i t y r e n d e r e d for h i m i n the e l e c t i o n . H i s l ittle f o r t u n e spent i n m a i n t a i n i n g the s h o w of a u t h o r i t y

  
Introduction.

xv

t h r o u g h the t r o u b l o u s t i m e s , s y m p a t h y w e n t out to h i m a n d s i lent c o n t r i b u t i o n s w e r e m a d e to assist h i m i n h i s fight i n t h e c o u r t s a n d to s u p p o r t his f a m i l y . W h a t p l e a s u r e there m a y be i n h o l d i n g a p u b l i c office, he was n e v e r a l l o w e d to e n j o y f o r a s i n g l e m o m e n t of his o c c u p a t i o n . H u n d r e d s of o t h e r men w o u l d h ave b e e n c r u s h e d b y the m i s f o r t u n e s e n d u r e d b y T a y l o r , b ut he steadfastly s t o o d b y w h a t he c o n s i d e r e d his p o s t of d u t y t h r o u g h the s t o r m , s a y i n g o n l y , " I t ' s n o t f o r the office I d o t h i s ; i t is for the p r i n c i p l e . " T w o t h i n g s r e m a i n e d to be d e t e r m i n e d w h e n t h i s w r i t i n g was closed. W h o shot "Goebel? W i l l t he E l e c t i o n L a w be r e p e a l e d ?

  
  
THAT KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN;
OR

THE

LAW, THE BALLOT
IN T H E

AND THE

PEOPLE

GOEBEL-TAYLOR

CONTEST.

CHAPTER

I.

H

OW THAT CAMPAIGN B E G A N .     A N e w Election L a w Enacted.     Senator W i l l i a m Goebel's Force.    T h r o u g h the L e g i s l a t u r e .     " T o P r e v e n t the State f r o m B e i n g S t o l e n f r o m B r y a n . "     P r o t e s t s of N o A v a i l .     " N o M a jority W o u l d E v e r Submit W i t h o u t Bloodshed."   Gov. B r a d ley's V e t o O v e r c o m e .     " A l l E l e c t i o n s S h a l l B e F r e e a n d E q u a l . "     S k e t c h of " K i n g G o e b e l . "     F e a t u r e s of the N e w E l e c t o r a l M e a s u r e .     S e l e c t i o n of the State B o a r d of E l e c t i o n C o m m i s s i o n e r s .     R e p u b l i c a n s L o s e a T e s t of the C o n s t i t u t i o n a l i t y of t he L a w . " A N A C T to F u r t h e r R e g u l a t e E l e c t i o n s . " S u c h was the title of a b i l l l a i d u p o n the desk of the c l e r k of the K e n t u c k y s enate o n F e b r u a r y I , 1898. F o r t y d ays a fter that it w a s a l a w , w h i p p e d through both h o u s e s o f the g e n e r a l a s s e m b l y a n d a d o p t e d o v e r the v e t o o f t he g o v e r n o r . T h e b i l l h a d b e e n p r e s e n t e d b y the senator f r o m K e n t o n , W i l l i a m G o e b e l , a n d was thereafter k n o w n b y his n a m e . W i l l i a m G o e b e l h a d r e p r e s e n t e d K e n t o n c o u n t y for t e n y e a r s i n t he s tate s enate a t the t i m e w i t h w h i c h this n a r r a t i v e o p e n s . I n t he c o u r s e of that p e r i o d he h a d g r a d u a l l y b u t i n s i s t e n t l y d e v e l o p e d i n t o the d o m i n a t i n g s p i r i t a n d b e c o m e the m o s t f o r c e ful c h a r a c t e r i n that b o d y . H e was s p e a k e r p r o tern, a n d c h a i r m a n o f the d e m o c r a t i c c a u c u s . T h e s enate w as d e m o c r a t i c b y t w o to one. T h e h o u s e was s t r o n g l y d e m o c r a t i c . T h e s e n a t o r w as 4 0 , b e a r d l e s s , r e s e r v e d , b o l d , k e e n a n d a m b i t i o u s .

  
2

That Kentucky Campaign.

W h e n " A N A C T to F u r t h e r R e g u l a t e E l e c t i o n s " was i n t r o d u c e d , l i k e a n y o t h e r b i l l , i t w a s n u m b e r e d b y the c l e r k a n d b ecame s enate b i l l N o . 145. I t was r e f e r r e d to the c o m m i t t e e o n j u d i c i a r y , w as r e p o r t e d f a v o r a b l y i n a careless m a n n e r a n d p a s s e d b y a vote of 20 to 15, t w o p o p u l i s t s a n d t h r e e d e m o c r a t s v o t i n g w i t h t he r e p u b l i c a n s a g a i n s t it. M r . G o e b e l m a d e a l i t t l e s peech, i n w h i c h he s a i d that the b i l l w a s v e r y necessary   "it w o u l d p r e v e n t the r e p u b l i c a n s s t e a l i n g the state f r o m B r y a n a g a i n . " H e s a i d that h a d b e e n d o n e i n 1896, w h e n the eleventh c o n g r e s s i o n a l d i s t r i c t h a d y i e l d e d a n e x t r e m e l y l a r g e r e publican majority. T h e h o u s e a p p e a r e d s t r o n g l y a g a i n s t s enate b i l l N o . 145. T h e m a n t hat was p u s h i n g it d e c i d e d that h i s f r i e n d s i n the l o w e r h o u s e d i d n o t realize that it was a p a r t y m e a s u r e . W h a t is t e r m e d t he " p a r t y l a s h " was a p p l i e d . H e called a caucus, t o w h i c h m a n y d e m u r r e d , h o l d i n g that t h e r e w a s n o p r e c e d e n t n o r a n y a u t h o r i t y for c a l l i n g a c a u c u s o n a m e a s u r e after it h a d p a s s e d o n e h o u s e . T h e c h a i r m a n of the state c o m m i t t e e s u s t a i n e d t h i s v i e w , but o t h e r m e m b e r s w e r e e n l i s t e d for S e n a t o r G o e b e l a n d they u p h e l d the c a u c u s . F i n a l l y , by a caucus i n w h i c h a b are m a j o r i t y of the d e m o c r a t i c m e m b e r s w a s i n v o l v e d , t he b i l l w as g i v e n the f o r m of i n d o r s e m e n t as a p a r t y m e a s u r e . G r e a t f r i c t i o n a rose o v e r t h i s i n c i d e n t , a n d c h a r g e s of t r e a c h e r y t o the p a r t y m a d e a g a i n s t the a n t i - c a u c u s d e m o c r a t s e n l i v e n e d t he s u b s e q u e n t p r o c e e d i n g s . B y d i n t o f g r e a t g e n e r a l s h i p a n d p r e s s u r e the b i l l w as b r o u g h t to a s u c c e s s f u l v o t e i n t h e h o u s e , a l t h o u g h a n u m b e r of d e m o c r a t i c r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s v o t e d a g a i n s t i t. I t p a s s e d b y a vote of 57 to 42. A m e n d m e n t s w e r e a t t e m p t e d , b ut t h e y w e r e a l l b r u s h e d aside w i t h t he d e c l a r a t i o n " i t is t o o l ate i n the s e s s i o n to d e l a y . " G o v . W . O . B r a d l e y (rep) r e c e i v e d the b i l l . I t h a d to be r e p o r t e d b e f o r e a d j o u r n m e n t . H e sent it b a c k o n M a r c h 1 0 w i t h a s t i n g i n g veto. H e a t t a c k e d it o n the q u e s t i o n of c o n s t i t u t i o n a l i t y , p r o v i d i n g a v e r y elaborate o p i n i o n a n d q u o t i n g a w e a l t h of authorities. T h e n h e s a i d : " B u t h e r e is a n o t h e r e v e n m o r e s e r i o u s o b j e c t i o n t o the b i l l , a n d that is that it is i n d i r e c t c o n f l i c t w i t h t h e b i l l o f r i g h t s , w h i c h is ' e x c e p t e d o u t of the g e n e r a l p o w e r s of g o v e r n m e n t , a n d is d e c l a r e d t o f o r e v e r r e m a i n i n v i o l a t e . ' In t his s a c r e d d e c l a r a t i o n is f o u n d the v e r y e ssence o f r e p u b l i c a n f o r m o f g o v e r n m e n t , ' a n d its i n v a s i o n is a d e s e c r a t i o n of the v e r y a ltar of c o n s t i t u t i o n a l l i b e r t y . The sixth section declares: ' A l l elections shall be free and equal.' App r e c i a t i n g t he fact that the f air, i n t e l l i g e n t , free a n d e q u a l e x e r cise of the b a l l o t was the b u l w a r k of f r e e d o m , w h i c h w o u l d s u e -

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How That Campaign

Began.

3

c e s s f u l l y r e s i s t e v e r y e n c r o a c h i n g w a v e o f d e s p o t i s m , the p a t r i o t i c f r a m e r s of the s u p r e m e l a w of t h e s tate s o l e m n l y , deliberately a n d wisely inserted this emphatic p r o v i s i o n ; and any l e g i s l a t i v e o r e x e c u t i v e act, a n y j u d i c i a l d e c i s i o n w h i c h p r e v e n t s o r h a m p e r s the f r e e d o m o r e q u a l i t y of e l e c t i o n s is a n u s u r p a tion. * * * I f, w i t h the m a c h i n e r y i n the h a n d s of so m a n y local agencies, d i v i d e d politically and b e i n g r e q u i r e d to recogn i z e e q u a l l y t w o p a r t i e s i n the a p p o i n t m e n t of e l e c t i o n officers, f r a u d s c a n n o t be p r e v e n t e d , h o w c a n it be e x p e c t e d that l i k e o c c u r r e n c e s m a y be p r e v e n t e d b y c o n c e n t r a t i n g a n d c e n t r a l i z i n g t he e n t i r e e l e c t i o n m a c h i n e r y of t h e s tate i n t h e h a n d s of t h r e e c o m m i s s i o n e r s of o n e p o l i t i c a l p a r t y , w i t h o u t a n y r e s t r i c t i o n b e i n g p l a c e d u p o n t h e m b y w a y of b o n d a n d n o c r i m i n a l p r o s e c u t i o n p r o v i d e d a g a i n s t t h e m for a n y v i o l a t i o n of l a w o r m isfeasance o r m a l f e a s a n c e i n office. * * * B y this bill l o c a l s e l f - g o v e r n m e n t is d e n i e d the p e o p l e , a n d a l l p o w e r c e n t r a l i z e d i n the h a n d s of a t r i u m v i r a t e that has m o r e p o w e r t h a n a n y c o u r t i n the c o m m o n w e a l t h . C l o t h e d w i t h b o t h j u d i c i a l a n d ministerial functions, h a v i n g n o legislative attributes, it nevertheless stands o u t i n b o l d relief, the c r e a t u r e of the l e g i s l a t u r e , b e y o n d the c o n t r o l of c o u r t s a n d j u r i e s , the s u p r e m e p o w e r of the s tate and the absolute master of the people." if