xt7vdn3zvg4d https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7vdn3zvg4d/data/mets.xml Alabama Alabama Museum of Natural History 1940 Other titles include: Alabama Museum of Natural History museum paper, Geological Survey of Alabama, Museum of the Geological Survey of Alabama. Other creators include: United States. Work Projects Administration, Geological Survey of Alabama, Tennessee Valley Authority. Issues for 1, 3 carry no series numbering. No. 2 also as Education papers no. 1. UK holds archival copy for ASERL Collaborative Federal Depository Program libraries. Call number  AS36 .A2. journals  English University, Ala. : Alabama Museum of Natural History, 1910-1960 This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. Alabama Works Progress Administration Publications Museum Paper, no. 16, 1940 - including "Condylo-Diaphysial Angles of Indian Humeri from North Alabama" by Charles E. Snow text Museum Paper, no. 16, 1940 - including "Condylo-Diaphysial Angles of Indian Humeri from North Alabama" by Charles E. Snow 1940 1940 2015 true xt7vdn3zvg4d section xt7vdn3zvg4d A Geological Survey ol Alabama n ` »» _
· WALTER S. JONES, STATE GEOLOGIST <¤~ LEAVE) - ‘
» MUSEUM PAPER 16   ` Z
ALABAMA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY  
I l
I *  
CONDYLO-DIAPHYSIAL ANGLES OF I .  
INDIAN HUMERI FROM NORTH ALABAMA I I ~  
By
Cll.·\ll> 211 the .\1m·rlr:m Alllfylllll ol. Xzlmrzll III~:·»1‘5. Xcu York 2 ,  
—`*j. May 2-—I_ ]*14r>_   .· · Z
l`NI\`I·XI ?· ‘ .§
Elf . ` V _
' , ‘ ‘  
  I \
4
(
v ‘
Y I
Z i
  1
; ‘
  ` H C'1V>1`Z1l
  f C}0—.‘
i W
Q ·?; S? 1
i °'
? ·.¤
· ; ·_,_ I h;
j ig? re ~ ~I`L cx
i rz?
Q ,55 N wh .\
{   b< *I`1Ilt~
‘ ` {
Q pry bz wm.
: ·1,¢.
5 `*t?
  gif;
Y  
¤  ·?a¥·z
  wu
A  
E  
I V;}
.‘ . E]
1 ,  
  [gw
¤ N
E °Zy}r
: _Q `Y
Q TQ" '
Q { ~
I   {Yi
.. E 3:. "
2 e  
E·· '
i ;
  ;
. I I
  Y
  .
` 1
· § E
  Q
E Y

 3
i
5
‘<
'€
_ ·é Ji"
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL  
tl
University. ;\lz1brtni;1 l  
i % S
September 26, 1940   _ ·  
I-] eiv»i·nl>le Frank M. Dixon. 1   V
l;iO‘.'€1`1lOI“ 01 Alabatna,
Bloittgotnery. Alztbzttna.
5**   Z  
l { .
l httve the llO1101' t0 ttztnstnit ht·i‘ewith the niantiseript of :t _
re ~ »i·t entitletl 1‘Condyl0—Di:1physial Angles of lncliuii Htitiitwi {twin i i  
N sth .\lztl,>;ttn:t". by Charles E. Snmv. It is reqttesterl thztt this   i é
bt wintetl as Mtisettin Paper 16 of the Ce0lg‘ieztl Stirvey wi i\l:t» Q .` Q
bz mt. _ ‘· pi `
Respectfully. Q I   `
STE\\'AR'I` ]. LLYl'J. , l ‘¤,“ E
Asst. State Geologist. ‘    
t T it E  
p ; i `. E
2 ’ V ‘_ i
 
  S
  .

 2. ‘ é`
2 ` E Ȥ
2 2    
ji .)
2 5 F;
2 p2 ,
I V r 'K
. 2 2 ‘ ’ {
I ~ 1 ____ .
2 / 5
2
O
~ 2
2 2  
I _ »5
I :2
. '
Z  
2    
· 2 Nd
2 W
2:22
:·¤2 .
· '2'U2
_? 2 u/22
: `T¤E`~
2 { Ȣ
; 2;_
  2;%.2
i 2 xi-[ A` `lcrlg
2 2 .2%;
2 qfwi I" ` "lio
2 222*.
2 ;;2,é A — ~ _
» ` ,£!·‘
{ {gw Q
2 'ii-Q2; "" 2*2
V Q   ,1, `
    " "{ (
  2 #21
i EM . ~,
; _i§$; rch
{ 522*;; . .
2 A; yu mw
2 22%*
2 t,‘é~2J{ M
2 i··22`%§ ‘ ‘ “
F [EW ·
2 &·—H··¤,~ ` ¤` U
1 T".;4 .·2'
. { TC *
Z ·   " we
l hxfii
».6 :2
X Mft: M
  ¥`2P'.TQ!
. L·  M. Q]
{ gk?}
'Z '   {iw]
  ' Es}?
g .522217% wm
= JV v.'
2 `¥l2;?M,
` £E$`;\`*::
` 2 Wi`!
_  {32
1 '  
  2 
2 -_2; ri ._
  . .
L `· · .2
: F
. ¤’( !*
. I Qin ·
 
 
;, 2;; ~
`_! Y
 
t§,\"_,
¥ 2+%}
.  2. {
Q, ,  J 42  ’
= 2 .  
, 2 _  ,
E.
. 2 E
é ’.
` 5.
  (
  ;
X ;
  ~
  `E
QA 2
E Z
{

  
S`
1
 
£
‘<
'€
TABLE OF CONTENTS I _ i
{ I i
Page i ` `
V ’i
AM dwlguiiiciits ..,,,,,,,,.r., V ,,,,,,,,,,,,,.., V rrrr V   ..VVVV.... V VVVVVV V VVVV V VV { Q _
I1? ·’Li011 .VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV V VVVVVVVV V -.V.VVVVV. VV VV-VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VV V V V 7 E a  
» A— VV VVV.V V .VVVV.V V VV............V.VVVVV.V..VVVVVVVVVVVVVV .   VV V s 5 I i
Sw ivy V VVVV.VV V ..VVV..VVVVVV V VVVVVVV VV VV VVVV   VV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV V VV 1.;   V?
'IYJ ·»f Combined Data V
`wclcr Basin Sitcs (Misccllziiieons (Emnps) V V V 14 {  
kwiek Basin Sitcs VVVV   VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV   VVVVV V VVVVV V VVVVV VV V 15   i i
rnwrsvillc Basin SitcsVVVV VVVVVVVVV V VVVVVVV V   V VVVV V VVVVVVVV 17 i i  
iwullaiiuoiis Gminm Data VVVVVVVVV V VVVVV V VVVVVVV V VVVVVVVVV VV VV W { _  
I·_ ·
~i n»;u‘2itivc Tables VVVVVVVVV V VVVV V VVV.V VV VV VVVV...VVVVV   VVVVVV 21 I i ;
I' risil Angles by Sites (V\lI Data)   5 _
iuulur Basin VVVVVV   VVVV V _V VV VV V V VV VVVVVVVVV V VV ZM i Q   I
-;;“·;Ck Bam] rrrr__ V _, r_rr___r _ rrrr VV VVVV V V VV VVVV ff     :
V mV, z
win-$\·{]]C Bagin   ____ _ ___r_____r__r_V__ _V   V V VVVVV V VVVVVVVVVV 33      
i UV  
· if §
? V M. Z
· ‘ i   l
1 “ _i ” V
• ' [ * 1
'N
Vi . 
·€

 E Z`
E 2
>* 5
  (
2 '€
_ _ " ( _ ji
ll. A A
5 > L  
I l COND
1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
  i il xv
    las pOS5il_>lC
  i Projects
{ ~ i Figure 1. Photcigraph 0f the various parts 0f the Bode} apparm lf, I-gp]-egeii
{ I ‘ Ccllnloid triangle on legs, the sliding U—Shaped rur ~ri :2-r Hislm-V
; I   simple caliper device, a protractor and right angled n_ l>rn·i;;; madc bf
  Q » board   r..rr,,rr.r...rr.».....»»r»rr.»,i»,.rrrrrrrrrrrrrr-rr»r-»r-rr-»»-»r»rrrY»rrrrr-r V .,r,, ‘· - A K
; Proiessn
  . 9 . . ,, Tenness
; _ Figure ... Photograph showmg an actual reading 0f the c0n~ An-<1;;i- _
I . . _' · · ·
  _ ., physial angle of a left male humcrus. The reading I > ap tlculdll}
  V; proaclies closely the mean 0f the entire series ,,,,,,,,, L {OY he '
il ~ grams ai
§ gl with slig
g ig the I\lal;
? uf
E E3
il  
E *1%
iii M
l fil l he
{   term i n e d
x ull L
Q 1,,; I memeel
I   .
; Q.-; 0f l\alu·
‘ r 2 ,
: I gjg 0pe1‘rmr;:1
[   &b0r1q1n:
    terial lm
l   r Arch :1 ml
  ~   The
  [ Q; V cond yle-
  {jini qllately r
  ?f;._·`i_ of I`<·Ser11
Z   { dCt€I`llllIl
    t 0f the lr
    I former] l
  ` " _ 1 the cond
_   ’_l·'*ll!I
-   Humerus"
. I   pp L
I 2;  
¤ hu
· ;
  ;
  :
  2
§ E
s  

  
’<
e0XDYLO-DIAPIIYSIAL ANGLES OF INDIAN HUMERI 7 `   ~
CONDYLO—DIAPHYSIAL ANGLES OF INDIAN HUMIIRI V if s
FROM NORTH ALABIXMA · I
il wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to those who made ~ e  
jj;. possible the ])I‘€‘])3.T€llClOf1 of this paper. I am obliged to the \\*ork l ` ‘ ‘
K Projects Administration and to Mr. David L. Dejarnette, Sponsor`s  
2 ll., representative and Curator of the Alabama Museum of Natural    
I jr fw Hisrnry, for the opportunity, facilities and assistance which have j { g
·*l"'f*¥ made possible the study of the material. I am also grateful to t »  
"“"'"" ii Professor \\’illiam S. V\Iebb, Archaeological Consultant for the T    
`_ W Tennessee Valley Authority for his encouragement. I am par- i I
lj   ticularly indebted to Mr. john K. Bode], jr., of Harvard University A
; for his excellent spirit of cooperation in providing detailed dia-
grams and photographs of his apparatus which was reconstructed 3    
with slight modifications to measure the angles of the humeri of   j  
the Alabama series.      
Introduction      
The Condylo—diaphysial angles of 1.026 adult humeri were de-   I _  
tcrmined and analysed. All available humeri from the well docu- ‘ ; i   ;
i memeal Indian burials excavated jointly by the Alabama Museum   `   `
of Natural History and the Tennessee Valley r\uthority in co- ¤    
operaticcn with the \Vorl< Projects Administration from extensive j }    
U-bOYlQ'l1IHl sites in the Tennessee Valley, were utilized. This 1112-1*      
f€fial has been preserved, restored and measured at the \\`.P.:\. ;    
Archaeological Laboratory in Birmingham. Q I ‘ l i l
i
There is no need to review the literature on the subject of ,   A {  
condylo-diaphysial angles since Mr. john K. Bodel, _Ir.. has ade- . ‘ . `  
quately referred to the past methods of study. as well as the results E _ Q  
cf fesearch°. Bodels apparatus is a device which expedites the l Y I V,  
j d€t€1‘hlinatio11 of the long axis of the humeral shaft in the r€glO11 ‘ ·  
j of HW l<”>\\‘C‘1’ extremity and permits measurements Of the angle j " " i
I formed between this axis and the plane of the inferior surfaces of ‘ `
I the eondyles. The modified Bode] instrument is seen in Figure l, g
  Y
’_l·'*ll!] l{. Bodel. _Ir.. "Determination of the Ct»n1 Jtlllflltlf of Plzyxiuul .~l:zf}zr0[w/n_¤1_v_ Yoluine ZS. Number 3, i i
1939, pp. 333-339. il.
gpl
X  ?
. `  i
  ,_  rt

 { E
2 A
a 3.
Q .;
i Z
  ;
i 2
i '€
¤· -é
a, ` ‘ A U `
. I.  
? N ‘ 8 <1l£<)l,<)(}lL`.-\l, SURVPZY (>I·` .—\l,.\l·K.»\M.\ U
? / ; uml qmasisu 11]- ZL Il'iZlllglC 1m»uutcl`UU`ZlL`t<>l' uml :1 fpm hm,  
f l]l(‘2l$lll'illg` l><>zu‘<>stC1‘iOr surface u), 111011 the u1Q;LsL11·c1mr r 1...;,; . ,  `il
Y I 1 }
{ *2 that thc c<>11§_[¤N ; i
{ ? (5 the <·piu<»11 ** \ V 7
2 ,,i uml the :1 wx c<»11t21ctin<·‘ thc u>1‘i<>‘l1L. The mcdizm i11c·~{1$2 ; ·
, ¤ I b Eh A
Q   trizmgln- is cznrcfullv placed along thc axm of the >lw; 1 whirl.- ° V
' M; . . ' . . . .
g   ll](llC2lIp‘(l by thc centers 0f the calqwr (lance uml tv L—\1·.j» _
{ 3; l`llllI]C|`. The ])I`(>tl`(lCT.()l' IS than plzmccil wlth lis >L~ Yfhi wt ¤ Z
l L   agzmiust the upright uml the angle at which the axis   1lwM ‘  A
·;   (1ml1c:1t<·1scctmgtl1c ;mg‘le at tho ni X \\‘1¢~ii·*  {
I ui- _ _ , , . . _ _   ;_· 
§ {gg m place ot Bmlcl 5 glass plate and was cqunppwl w1tl1 s¤ ghtly WW gg
x {Pi. . . - V ·   =-it
  ;,,1 Sll]J]><>Yis lllllflb bv tznstcnmg bolts thmugl1 the ccIlu]¤>1·. pmlv.  
g Lg'] . .' . . - _· his
y {jg tCChl]l(]U(‘ ml bv Bmlcl was followed cxplmtlv wh uw  gz; {
= .-zx . . . ' ' · ;.~ Ci /-
3 {E C(i])tl(>ll that ll] l`C{l(llI]Q` the zmqlc i'01‘111<~(I I>ct\\‘ec11 tha 1l1N"‘·— iff;   "·
- M . . . ` ` . . . , _   "°~
{ .51 11>r1<>‘ht z1<··;1111st wluch the zxrtuculur surmccs or U1 }··\*¤"   ;_
{ 1L` h 5 ` 53;*: 2
  KQ U'<‘l11ll\‘ wl- the ]]LlIllGI`LIS were placed uml the axis of lh ~hi1Ti??’   S .
‘`'‘ * ` . . . . · . H  
  _~=1 tho ]>mt1‘znct<>1· was suuplv placed \\'ltl`l 1ts tint criqv »i`i*m*  
· `;" . , ' .   . "?
:· $.4; uprnglu uml Llw rczulnng taken to the uczxrcst halt rica ~¤‘-    
2. -M·T - _·. . . .  ~  
g {gx llillly. H10 <>1‘1g‘m;1l lllSU`lllllCIlt has been 1¢»lh»wc com—h§‘~ l ·*“~·‘
i   thc INFULN <>I` both sexes and both sides. Scvcm} W ~"*’V` °
j   · ¢`¤¤`Fi<‘<[ KlN`l>\\§‘h s<·]>z11·z1ti11g thc lmmcri by sexes i1ll· Y`?!»m` j°
  lvlls. inlw ¤‘¤·g‘i¤»11;1l basin; gmd racial typos as wc!} ui V ~ *“‘l"‘ 
  4 sltw \\`lli&`]l Qu in lllnkv up the wh()]Q_ Both I);Lil`¢‘»IJI.—\I’{IYSIAI. .-\NGLIiS <>]·` INDIAN IlL')11—§RI G ` V;
LVV"]V1ZV V V I
XMI (LN}   ' V V ’
V ·   §»*11‘¤·¤;1y;·vV_ .   A . VV _ V V
§     V Vw  NMV Q, fg V , V
. · ’ V V . V   'JLV  · iV=2€V ` -·  ·}.`*¤·V ·@ w‘ E
u VV1 V·;_V r V __! V·XV,V:;_&¢;¢¤; ywa    V- WV "V I ‘ » ;
V g V  Vs‘»fgV§`V.5_~1  ;$,’}°V[·wV\\ V V‘y V V V
}···J1T~\ · _ V Q V ·V_V_V;yV·VVV£·Vg;VVV·VV—.iV ·,    V VV M V
. _ · ·V ’   r2;·_‘,=;V§>.V $12;  `,    V;V ;V • _ _
VVVVVVV VVV V- V V V   VV . {VV V·V= .;V:·CEg?     V~V,?\j `VVVV VV·`V VV V
Vm V ·.V». V V V ‘ i   "`v  V     V ’ F
`V ‘   V i V   V V}V")_V·2gi° EV-jVVg_  ,.VV'?j‘·;V WE, V V V
V-nV·VV_xVV V V     ; ·     VV § V E
, { ‘ ·   {V1.  7,’ V  Y · V  
V UM »wV‘   V  #2%;*   V ¤ . . 2
. , Hf? ViV&:*’ »‘;`y»`VV V..?§:`V;,, ,~  # JL V ,; ‘ 3
p1v·V11·TV _··— V __   ,_     ;V*VV { V V P
{V1 L1‘i:;n;` ,      V5 }    VQV V ` V
V V ,1; *i_V.;_f 3V"!‘E v  Ai :  V ex  ‘¤ ‘V" V
V.Vu~V V.»¤%»· VaV  :.·.VV  ·V·¢ \
  ._   ~ V V   , ·;.   WVV     \ ,
f"` .` 1 Q  ; ` * .VV* ¥ =V%¤2=··   
VVVV VV VV . gVVVV »*#»   *1  ‘‘  VVV~ +V-MV  V  
V \*{}VV;¥Qi H'}  V; ¥1_\j‘.V  V V) , — V
· .   ‘   L  §’V’= M”*\! ·V , =
"VV"“   ?   VV \‘V\€’* V‘V*’§·i\\`;VV” ' V V 1 ?
L¥VlV·VV V `*`=>xVé*  qi 4  MFT?  =LZ‘“V§’¢i? i ` V ' V ‘
. .V VIU1;4 VV_   g E\€V¤lV_ Vw VV V - 1
  . V   , [ V V    *V’gV.{’-   V V V
VV Mr   _’ V €VV’‘. ,£* ?i;§?:%¤;§éTi"‘  wi    V - f . V i
***"‘V  .·· ""° ·  =·~ VQ,     M}i·=;V€\¢V"  V V i Q `i
  _V V V   A .• V V, ·*V 1 V ·· _ y,_ V `7      '**;\"(_iv;;V;’N`E$FVVE V V V · g
V ‘ V-VV ’· g V V r » .5, ‘   17  . V- ct   VVVLV} ·   V E
4 V V ,   V   V_     V3;?;;V ;&·;*;.{»;s%;·  MV- 1 —V     VV 2
mul-       V, ‘ ' 1 VA, V V .     _ V  
l··VVVVV·VVV =   V V V ”   , 5  T V=~,  @**1 {   I .  
VV VV V   . _V tj V   ·V_VV,, _.—__ ·V.·;;V·,VV-=VVVtAV’VV·_ V V ;w_ VV .   V
—hV1VIl   VV; ¤ . V   V V   V V  
,QLl]TW`1 ' V, V; . ` ,, V · _ *
  VV} VV»`   K ‘ V ’ V V V x ` V V.
 V   if ~   V i V° V V?
·— V V V Va;   _»_,VVV r  -¤iI,<>t)IC.-\I, SL'R\'l·]\' UI? .\I,.7\I·}.—\AI7·\ ` _
E 7 *-7 -7-*-   -   7* rrrrr 7- -*-*-*7- 7 K
1   ` IMM
_ ___,   _ `_..,*-7*·~ · #*1 W _ · ;—
` ¢~ *‘ ‘? ·; ,.q‘:¢;gM€—MU wm`, (, ",s`\ B*"*`-`
7 `     _;.w 4, .'
‘; g . , X:   },&?iiZ_.   »,·_H i ‘.¢ rp thi 1m7·:1
· ; w, 7] * )~‘· g'-iF·\\\’-’ M1, ".&Z7¥~ »§¥ !.   1 .
é ' ‘ yi}, ·` ·`  Ie   . , ." °'¤\ "  ‘ ;]' 7
. , 7 . . 4 , 7 . 7 E . ! » , 1
: , )_ ` l` .»\· _ im _     5l V bx. ·;>
  #$6 { g‘° p       1}.* ,.\l7 {`.   '
3 F   ¤    ‘...’.:7,'; ~sx"~‘ NN " ·-—7. .
z 7 _,  r· } 1    3,.,%,.,   L   ·j x fe., wh
:· `   ·» @4 ?   *22*  "   ’ » *7* Wn s' I
,    7. J.- ·v fw?  Mg   gy {fw ¤| l 3,\‘ i`;¢Qv
Z ~ Q-~‘  y¤-»».; ·, ,·`_     ,  ,7 .7 , "vi 4.* [ ~
·. ,   _  ig .~..-- 7·,_._   ,   V, ,1 ,   _. Y  
· 4.5* fi »  #2%   , 7 <—4   ~,;4 .1-»7· th I M
. » gw   { " ?%E··`f     .   7% 7 —.   ¥`,` .7 _
= 7 i   Fey`?     ’ , ·   7 é M .¢7   f€~ W ¤
‘ 7 ’ J V * i;. 7  _ 7 V ·_=·lr+  ·’*», `; . .
·Z égnjigg         gi.   g_7`,, cg wu;
  "" 7   »   ·,»»‘V   · ’ 12,}.;ii¢"iQ¢];` 7
‘ 7%  `’,· ‘   7 ’· =’-‘  @ 7*   i   7· :7 ’  
      .   V       to M. .,1
§ —     .   inch  V ,?   y,} fo __"· z
K _      ·¢` 77  ¢~>L»7‘ — ~·»       “*;  M
* ,7     T`     _; i\M' U é t ` `7-~ :1
{     ‘> L 7 ·,~‘   em  §2¥?M ¥ "Y `
;     2  ·—. ·  .·  g;&.»;7.<;S7$¤ gy.,  7 d1. ·-11-11
n - ’ lf  ' -·  " 7       ;·· “ i7"¤·  
     fr `R   ’, ·—   3%; 124 ` ‘
I 7¤. ;@   4  7.  Q     *21 Wifgg li 5
4;;.     *3.      1 wxh 7
., -;:re`~ ’· 5.%   il 7   QQ A   · \ ; ··
    ;‘ {$5} 7 7   fg  ’ "’?{T`§ . %x » `YX\;€ig€?’§4§i,s ::7 53* ` VY
-· · % ‘§77 » 7   »»·7 .· 77 7%    .
E A    s2-     »   ·i;i‘{¥"% j Wi ‘ WV
i V?       ‘7’7 i 7     S6- A` "
2 uw Zg?%»'£? =. < ‘ 7      :*¤·=<»é   vii
s .   %¥¤/€‘*     ··   » »·
;   7 7 . · __, ·  7. , .7 t1r· wm
· ' ~~.»·;·;;1:=·_     .   = E ¤E»
E     77 V   V   V . 2 `{ an `- ¥`¤ `~
; HW _  ,_, (,7.77-   ,   , 7 . A r
‘ 7     »  · e,&·*;;,    t,7. . ‘ ~ ·, , _
? ·=    gw   ~ —     ¥   z ‘S · 7 7
» r   M4"?  ww   -%`,     1 .` J. ’ - .
: ` in ,]‘];~“  E tg;  5;;%--`7?:  _#7;7¤··` V in ~,4;_§;$M ` 4 CH   »¤x‘
Y ; {    5 ;.?Z 1~7  " " "’ :7· Y"¢‘\   Se. _
*   7:3 7 7;   __,_·   LU, ~ —.
2 :~ ‘      s ‘ .7 . .   -
·.       * k ».A`     7  ~ °° 7`7‘ 1*
E `   ,____{° -~"   {     Z 7   ¥’ $ may I `_ _ to <‘ C7
    .   L_ 7  7 ’   ~‘’'   “;_»7,.»         _  7     . \  i y * 7
{7 E 7   ;.     j ·{?* ;r      (7   \\ B< . I
7 77 .»  V $:7   —   f  -—     · 7 Q1  2      T \ b7
, , A 7  .7‘_       .- - 7.,_   ~   ‘·· 7  »4 _ _ 7,·;’F”‘7—  , .9 ‘- ¤·
  *   77       =··   .·     an  
A   ‘· _ Tr;¢"‘!* ...,;:»>-;""’.7   ’   ~. , --7 1 il  ` A; . ge .
A ‘7 ——.. 7 . J    .. 77--::;;:77;***,7- ___4 ~,_‘ 7, —   7   ·;. - _ Of 7, M
¤ 7 . { ·. ~¤__;;~*;?§z.  w-7/7-7:; 33 ··~— V- " ~., { ·   7·_
‘ ,  ··. *"` — ¤""2;a *4;. at .'·f»~- _ R = 7:. Tv , ‘.   r
7 7 ' @@7 ·g, ~·—¤ 1,* 7 5, ‘ ’   _ _ ,, ..  .···»‘ i'  ·» ’·
` ` I        i..   ? - 7 7
  7 ~’"  -     ‘'.,   * il  ‘
~· V . , _ _ ·_ _ thm VQ -,
' , [`W- 2- l`W‘i<‘¤¥'1i|>}1 ~}m\\’m; zm zxumzal IWQQHIIIIQ ni thu n`~·?i ` " ex _' .
‘ - Mlulw MI- Il lvl-1 mulr l1llIIlL'\`lI>. Thy 1`L‘Zl(liI1§ NZ.} M\·1*' ` ` UI`  
V clwscly thc xm-;m uf thu cmiru ~¤ri¤~. `
E ·‘ 7  
l   5-
E W  
:· wz ’  
I x ..1
f N
E 7
3 .
V, S
3 s
7 3 I
g w
Y P
;·_ ~
` (
, g 3
Q Y:
Q 1

  
:1
3.
.s
2
 
5
*€
ri r`
1‘11Nl)\'L<,)»l>lAl’ll\`Sl.—\l..>1N1}l.l·]S11l·‘ lXl)l.\X llL`Ml·Q1, l_1JJ11 111111111-i_ 11 S;] _ 1 ;
x11;-El 11111111 1.111* —1(1$ l’1·c11s llUll1L*1‘1 1s S4},. 1\1‘1‘111`1l111··‘ 111 ll111l1·l l 1
. ( > .
th1 1111;:1111:117lil'l`11·1‘1:1  1l11· 111:1l1- 1  
1 bv ,112] 111 the l1·11 :1111l U5 111 1l11* 11g‘l1t. ’l`llL’l`L‘ :111· lF4 11:1111·1l ` 1 l
{
1 f€1r;1l1· 111111 2112 l'1ILll`L‘. llllKx`l` |
1 , . 1 .;
1 3,1 i`11Q`x‘> :111- 11111 >l1gl11ly l<')\\`(‘l` 1l1:111 1l111s1· 11l11z11111·1l I111 l§111l11l lll 1 Z
1 1 , . . . ` .. 1 ;
th.- l’1·1·11~ >1¢111·s. L >lIlQ` 1111ly l1Zlll`('(l l_11111cs :1;::1111. 1l11· :1\11~1‘:1g1· 1111- ‘ g
..· ‘ · ·, · l I I
1 fe:r111;· l)€L\\Y(A€ll tl11· lL`l1 :1111l 1‘1g‘l11 l11’1111*s 111 l1111l1 s1·x1·s 13r11 ]|Z1ll`~l 1 1
cg 111111,11 1< l.$1:i lll l·Z”L\`1··Z = ‘  
to *11:11 1l11> 111’1111l1111:1111111, s1:111s111‘:1ll1· e1g‘1111-111:1111 1l11`1`1·11·111·1;> :111- ‘
I {0111 ?11·111:1·1·11 1l11· lL*l-L ;lll(l tl11· 11gl11 l1111111s lll. l1111l1 —1·¤1·~_ l§l'L'
I ta` `1-~ :11 1·111l 1:11 1){ll'>L‘l'l ll111g111111‘:111;
l di. 1-11·11111·» l11·111‘1¢1·11 lll1‘ lc·11 :1111l l`1g`l11 :111g‘l1·s 111 l)L'L`lF> l1111111·11. .· 1
l = 1
li 1~ 1111111,11%:1111 111 111111- 111 Ll11s 1·1111111·1`111111 1l1:11 1l11·—1· 1‘1112111:1:*- 1 ‘ Q
SO` \ I1i·· 111 1121111-11 1111111*%} 111:11   1l11· l1‘l4l :11111 l`1g`l1l l111l11*< l-l-1'lll iliv ° l `;
Sa1 - 1;1·Z11‘11l11:1l 11.1111- c11111l11111·1l 11:1 1111111 llllx $l‘l`lL'> 111111l11,·1l. l11 1  
. 1 . . 1 1 3
so 1- t11<1:1111‘1·> 1111ly 1:1111* 1111111- was lllL‘Jl$lll`Zll1lL‘, lll \\lll<`ll l`1l»`<' li . .  
wz- 1111‘l111l1··l 111 1l1u 111111:111‘1·1l 1111:11 >1·111·s lllll 1~s<1·l111l1·1l lllllllll 1l11· _ {
SE" ·~ 11; 11i11!‘1·1l l1111111—, I  
"Zl lll\' \\'lll4il{A, 1l11· s1;1111l:111l 1l1·11:1111111>, 1·111·1`111·11·111~ llll 11:111:1-   V . :1
tif: Yillll 1l11; 111·'1l1:1l1l1 ("l`I`l)l`> 111 1l11— 11111:1115 111 1l11· 1\l:1l1:1111;1 >1·t‘11·~ 1  
3·T· 11  >11111l:11‘ lll 111:1g1111111lu 111 li11rl1·l`> lrlll 1l11· l’1·1‘11> llllllllllll. li , ‘  
is i11 111 111111·1l1l1:111l11;»1·1111~:1s1111·»111`1:111:1l11l111-111`1l11·\111gl1· 1l1\ ~€— l 1 1
CEI   _11‘ wil lL‘> {111* 11111 ;111111`1*Q1(1l1l1‘ l11\\`1‘1` 1l1:111 1l111>1· 111 il11‘ 1`<¤l7ll1E1l 1~ 11111 1111-:11 111 ll< z1l1l11111g‘l1 11 {~ , - 1  
C0 1`~· 1‘1Z1l·l1· 1l1:11 1l11~ 111111111; 1:11 l1;1l11111s, >1z1· lll, ~1·111·>. 1-1 1‘1·11·1:1. Yllllf F ,1  
_ tO 1: 1`1111~11lg·1‘1-r1l_ 1 ` f  
$**1 ` ` 5
1 \_ rg 111 .`1l:1l1:1111:1 >1—111·» 11111 111111- 1·111·1·11l1111·:111·~ 1l11· 11~~11l1~   _ , 
1 ~1~ \ B‘ — • ’¤ll‘l§r 1·1 l’1·1`·1< lllllll£`l-l 111 11 lll\`ll llll‘ ;111;l1·~ 11: 11112 11·111:1·· l 1
fj \   ‘- F·1‘1· l11Ql11·1‘ 1l1:111 1l111>1· lll- lll(‘ 111:1l1,·>_ lrlll 1l11·11· :111 1‘1111~1-11·1ii Y -  
    ~`:1i11-11`!1111 1111l111:1111111> 111 lll(‘ .\l:1l1:1111;1 $(‘I`l<‘~ 111:11 1l11· z111;`1 ~ - ~‘ ' Z
Aim}   r‘ Ml-i lllllllwl 111- l1·»ll1 >1*X1‘> :11‘1· lll§'ll1'l` 1l1:111 1l1·1~1· lll- 1l11· 1‘l;'l11. ‘ `
  ° L 2
  -` " l1Y‘1‘1`1:~11¤1u 111 111 11- ill 1l11~ 1‘1111111·1;:11111 1l1;11 111111 li1111€11 :1·1·E Y1l1~‘:111‘ 11   -
  — thl l`» ’11~ l'Y11·l1l11 15111111:1] <1·1·11-~ 1111111- v:1111;1l1l1· 111:111 :111) 111l11·1‘ l111l111t. ~1·t‘€1~ °=·j1 . _ 1
1 1 ex:   *1- ‘·‘··5l l1'*l1lll :11111 *`1_ Xl, Xl111·:1111_   1. "l:11E€:11; l<:1111~ 111 111- ` 3
U] ?11 l`Zi(`l2lll\ iQ11I"r;_3j‘* Al__E’,UU
A 1 It is possilile that the higher anigles ot the lelt hun rx iii     an(1I.ig.l
    ` SONGS YIIZIY llI(llCZItC llllICtIOlIZ`ll (l]llC‘l(’IILC>. arc qlgg
  i · TCIIIICSE
  llIC IICCOIII ZlII\`l1I0' tG.l)lCS COIII ')Zl1`€ ll`lC \'ZI1`10llS SOV iI`¤lIII  , .~ <
i i .i > _ 3,1'1;l<,~ .
I , I‘eeos I’uel,»lo. the Paltacalo and the ;\lal§>ama series. ie ~:;»
l , llIt‘ .\l1ll>ZllIlil series ])I`OVl(lCS il \`C‘l`)' ZI(lC‘(lll2llC €lI`l(l I`t" t·~t‘I]ZLi"
I sam ‘>le of the uhvsical txies iresent in North .~\lal;>ani.
i _ I I . .
I X 4\ wortl might be added concerning the utility ·» lie  
` QW it apparatus and technique as well as a critical appraisa { it~ `Et-
ti il tations. 'l`he utilization of the distal extreinitv of the tiir=·1‘ii~‘-
I 1 _ ‘ _ _ {_
E   IIIUSI C'lllIIlIClI(lZ`ll)lC lOI` ZlI`ClIU.€’OlOgIC`ZIl III2`tlC1`I?ll SIIICC II `ll MZ YT
l   lI`2l§`lIlCIIl2ll`)' 1l1I(l OHGII [lI€ lCi\\'C1‘ Cl`1(l '\\'ItlI Il> IIIIIICIQ I1` ·»`lllZl`i`li'
l   faces is the only portion of the hunierus preserved. ir1;—V-
I I ser\ ed that, on the whole. the axes of the entire ~= is ·~ii·
l   .\lflllZllIIZl lIlllII(‘I`l \\'(‘I`€ 2ppl`OXll`1IZlt(‘l}' (l(*{CI'IIIi1I€(l   lllm rtl  
l   rleriees applied to the lower end of the shafts. In the r   ~j~‘*
I IY mens with mediuin to pronounced bowing of the s :1 ·‘*l
I IWCIIIIVIICQ ot })l`OlIOll1IC€(l l{1t€l`2Il llZll`C Just [1lIO\`C lll? l\Vl#·
’ 4 . . . ,,
I 3 k`t*lIllCl*I`illlIg` the correct tlctermination of the IIIl(l·ll]IL' or I`- li?
  -   <‘\‘C‘1‘. it is the writer`; opinion that the Bode] techni ‘·‘ I`  
  _; ` satisf:u`t<>ry and offer; a practical method of det<·" `IIYYIU
I ·· - . .
I ;Q· er>n<,lyln—<*lia]>hys1:1l angle ot the humerus.
; .
. gi
, I "`l’r<*lirninary Report on the Skeletal Material from Piel<\\`i< il·*`*i I
l¤:nna", by Newman, ll, 'I`. and Snow; C_ IZ., included as él t il"*“ ii
I nl>‘r!itrcn.'iwim/ 3`1n·c~.~y of P{i·k;;»i.·k Nagin in the ;ltl1_i't}¢`t`lll P<*>‘iW*= i is `V_`
; of .l!r:{*rmn1, .l[1`rxi,vxi[#pi limi ;{lr21;:u5.rrr. B,;\.E_ Hul. l2‘I. l.>}' II   li"
and lIe_I;wrnt·tte, David I., in press.
I ;  
1 I·  
  _ 1 ` .s -_
I i i , _
I · E
` * ‘< Z
E.
¥ .
é s
  Q
* Z
€. E
;·_ j
I 2 E
Q  
E J.

  
1*.
3
E
 
5
'G
. . é _a‘
.\_\_ UONIJYLO-DIAPIIYSIAI. ANGLES <.)I’ INDIAN HLKIERI I3 l ’  
—lll‘l“=¥¥Ti. Summary A ;
`l mi ll; · *
t ~:u·t·l   ` 'l.`he eondylo—diaphysial angles of 1.026 htnueri from well docu- I
‘ l"l"il. l mcgltetl adult Indian burials were determined for the series from l j
s Mil ¤‘*i I N0]-lh _>\1a|)3m;t_ The results corroborate the studies of Bodel T I f
~llt‘>   which demonstrate that the angles of females are higher than the g
_lllill__ll*·`l males. Data based upon paired bones only, indicate that in the 'l ;
‘¥*_ll"f¥—li`   A];.l.ptm;t Series there are consistent differences between the left l  
l lll " i and right sides of both sexes, the left having higher angles. There i '  
` are suggestions that the humeri of the earlier aborigines along the t ·  
_ Tennessee River in Alabafna are characterized by slightly lower E
`lli"*lV angles than those of the later peoples. l
it syl
¤‘~l‘l]Z{.i" I
lll   ; {  
{ its `ft V ` :
ilir¤·1‘il~ - ` ·  
all uf Ei — ° l  
·:ul:t·· —¤1‘ :  
. l ’ i
`i$ ·~l T Z ‘ : ¥
in   l    
W A,. sl ‘ T t  
.lvl`i.. t`   if  
't[l2n]iC`   I .    
‘ll!il; C _  
J · i
{Ln.: ¤ l A
Eliiil `l
,_;·4

   3.
E 2.
' 3 .;
% E
  5
  ·§
¤· . ys
¤_. ` ‘ A .
4 1 iv.
  _ · 1 1.1 111·]1f)1,1711}1CAL SURVEY Ol? ALAB;\l\lA   U
  1 , CONDYLO-DIAPHYSIAL ANGLES
Miscellaneous Groups
    L`Nl’A1Rl£I) l’.-\1R1·Z1~  
  i A1.-\ 1..1iS F|·ZA1.·\1..l·ZS A1.»\l.l·ZS 1 l1.\E..’> l
F 1
it l N0. Range Mean N0.l{;1nge Mean N1>.l{z1ngeMcan N0 `;t11e»·X[~~ l I
QV i V Wheeler Basin (Combined) Lu‘5—(E
{ A 1 Right 24 75-84 79.0`” 25 75-91 82.0* 19 75-84 79.3; 1· 75-‘1l1—QY 1 _
,§   1,141 22 77-87 81.0" 27 73-88 83.8 19 77-87 81.1 1.~ {ms sn Rlgll
g Lett
  Wheeler Basin—(K0ger`s Island)" (
  High; 9 70-83 811.11 5 81-91 84.8; 7 70-83 79.4 I 11-111 ~;· Lll_5_((
3 . ·. tm s mss s1.-11 s sz-ss ss.23 7 79-85 sw 2 -5-ss   . R*S*1
1 `_   Let;
Z ` Wheeler Basin—(Shell M0und)” I /
1 ,. . ,- ,. -() 1- 2- ,, , -.1 -- -,- . -:8 ._ Lu*21(l*
1 1 lught 15 75-8.1 /).1 .:1 /;·-88 81.: ll 75-81 78.7 11   >. R_ hh
l ~’- . 1.t·1`1 13 77-80 81.2 15 73-88 83.11' 11 77-80 811,7 11 11-87 >QT  
1 1 Let:
1 3 fl Pickwick & Wheeler Basin—(T0tal K0ger’s Island) Lu 61 (
  qj Riel]: 811 72-87 81.3 52 73-95 82.5 01 72-87 81.11/ 41 ?3-95 1} R, ;_
l 11 Lett 79 75-94 83.1‘ 52 78-911 8.3.9 01 75-94 83.1 41 T8-*111 ·¥C isi
E 3 Let:
l ‘l Pickwick & Wheeler Basin—(T0tal Shell Mound) Lu 61_(
E 11 mgm 1ss 72-89 s11.42 1117 74-89 81.21 1112 72-89 81.5 7- `?-*" 1V Ri,.
E ll Left 130 74-91 82.4; 1114 83.89 83.2 1112 70-89 82.2 7. `3-8* `Q Lei
    Tetal Series _ M - G Lu 72_(
S   Right 294 71-911 811./“ 224 /3-95 817 Ri M
    Lett 284 74-94 82.7" 224 73-911 8347 Li-I
  4 GRAND  V9 ` Lu 72_(
g   lll...(1 /l—l§   Rikllz
  $1 Leia
  ‘   Lu 72-1
    ` Riptz
    Lek
s »`
‘ . Lu 25-1
    Rig} t
  ‘ Lei:
  V "‘+‘ ` Lu 25-1
1 "'l`l11‘ term l{nger`s lslztntl 1Vl{. 1,) has been gtluptetl to refer lllfl Rigg-
‘ l11·z1llUll-[CIll]JCl“L‘(l p0tl€1`}’ 1111 l" _l` `fi Left
V l#l1l11;1n1;t. Lei
V - V 2  
i ;
2-  
i· f
Vi  
. E {

 E.
.1
E
5
*€
. ri r
jig ‘ ‘ `
i_ · g11X11\`L1..>-IJIAPIIYSIAI. .—\N1§I.IiS 1.11* INDIAN 11L`M1·l1{1 I5 ° 1  
CONDYLO-DIAPHYSIAL ANGLES I 7 .
PICKWICK (Sites) ‘ h
1 I`Nl’.»\1I<1i11 1*.»\I1 , _  
XIV--51 I }I.»\I,l£ Fl·ZM.»\I.I·Z XIALIC F1·1)1.\L1i  
`é=11u1·Z}~ ` N11, Runge RICH!] N0.I.  
  \Z Riflhl 4 811-84 82.11, S 74-82 7<1.1.` 4 811-84 82.1.1 A 811-82 81.11 ‘ . ; ;
` ' Lcx`1 I1 81-87 82.5 5 81-88 84.2 4 81.82 81.8 3 81-88 8.%..% I · 1 9
Lu 72—(C0mbincd) I . »  
Rigm 7 77-84 81.37 4 811-84 81.8‘ _ I ‘1  
Leu 1. 82-84 8.%.117 4 81-85 82..17 I ·, i
‘ Ii E
Lu 72-(S.M.) r    
RiLIl1 S 77-84 81.11 2 811-81 811.3 .3 77-82 811.11 2 8171-81 811.5 1   Q
Lei. A 8.%-84 83..17 3 81-82 81.57 5 83-84 83.3 2 81-82 81.5 § ` V.  
Lu 72—(K.I.) - Z    
Rix*1 2 81-8.1 82.11 _   . 2 81.8.1 82.11 .   · {
Lev 2 8.3 83.117 . . ........ 2 8.1 8.1.117 . . . 1 E
1 ' ‘ 2
Lil Z5—(C0mbined) i '  
Riyi: 82 72-84 811.*17 311 711411.1 81.87 I ‘  
Lcz`1 S4 74-114 82.8` 41 75-111.1 83.57 f " '  
II1·‘ ~ Lu 25—(S.M.) . A
__   ._ R18111 48 74-87 811.87 21 71.-81. 81.87 $11 74-81. 811.7 13 711-81· S1.? » 7
I_`__.I`Y I-1** F3 74-*11 82.11 21. 75-8·1 83_1'1’ 511 71.-81. 82.1. 1.% 78-8; 82.E’ ·
..111   Lu 25-11:.1.) _ 7
-~1~¤?— ·' Riyi 2‘1 72-811 811.1.7 11. 77-1111 811. 21 72-811 811.47 1.1 78-*111 82.3 1 1
Lv 311 75-(14 83.11 I4 81-<111 84.57 Z1 75-·14 8.1..% 1.% 81-*111 84.F° 1_
v_ gg ;

 E K
% E
3 s
. . A ° ·- _ tg
ci. _ ‘ `
  , ii`}!
  In 1 16 (}1·](5)1.l”J<11C.~\1, SURVEY OF AL;\BA1\1A U.
  V 1 CONDYLO-DIAPHYSIAL ANGLES
1 _ PICKWICK (Sites)—C0ntinued
    L'NI’.-\1Rl£1) PAIRICI-
  f M.·\L1£ FEMALE MALE ` 1i\1.\1.1-[ 2
i Z  
    No. Range Kieznn N(`l.1{?1l1g`C Mean N0.R;1ng‘e Mean N .i:111u¤1.1.
1 Tot 1 Pic}
` 1 Luv92—(A11 K.I.) Ri? V 1
a 1 . A
g ~ 1 Right 20 74-80 81.4; 21 73-88 82.1‘ 20 74-80 80.8" .0 jms ij L6? 1
  A Left 28 78-88 83.3; 20 78-88 83.4“ 20 78-88 830 J 78.x» ai; Toni PM
  1 Lu°59 (Combined) Ri? Q
  A   Right 34 75-89 81.0" 25 75-95 82.0° LV ·
    Left 31 78-92 82.8° 23 80.88 84.0“
g   . ]_,n°59——(K.I.)‘- W y ry F 1: A .1 Q J I W K- MS KO
1   Right 11 /5-8/ 82.2 4 80-95 8/.8 8 /8-8/ 85.0 . 91.9: in Rip _
    Left 10 80-92 83.7; 5 81-87 83.2° 8 80.84 83.4; 81-87 8* Le
‘ 1 1 1
  8i Lu°59—(S.M.) A — W _ 7 VA » N _ A Ms ;l__U
  A Right 19 77-89 81.1‘ 1/ /0-85 80.8“ 11 77-89 81,0* 1 .0-8; il: Rip _
E   Left 10 78-88 82.5; lh 80-88 84.2;; 11 78-88 827; 1 40-88 ii? LE]-
***1
Q Ji Ct°8 (Combined) Ms ;1__U
1   Right 17 72-80 80.2’ 24 74-88 81.3’ Ril .
  .},1 Left 10 78-87 82.4" 22 79-88 82.02 L6
    ‘   Jayjj
  .1gII Right 3 81-80 85.71 5 78-84 81.0" 3 81-80 83.7° » 78-N1   Rig .
  iff} Lcft 4 82-85 85.8` 5 80-85 82.8’ 3 83-85 84.3 5}-*} `V Let
    Ct°8—(S.M.) _ - ]a_v1_55-A
1 1:.; Right 11 72-85 79.0` 14 77-80 80.9’ 8 72-85 79,4; 77-NF   Rip .
Q   Left 10 78-87 81.9" 12 79-87 82.1: 8 78-87 81.8 7*-*7 ’-· Let-
    . Ct°27—{S.M.) Jam
  $1] Right 22 77-88 81.4; 17 78-80 80.9" 15 77-88 81.7” 7*81 *7 Ri; »
    Left 21 77-88 83.5’ 14 79-89 82.0° 15 77-88 83.8 7"M   Lei
~   Ct-OZ7—<'_K.I. 1 L. Male No. R.) ,13°..>—A
  if Right . . rrrr   _ _ _,rr M . . ._ . Rip ~
    Left 1 . . 84   ....... . ....   .... 2 . .... Let
  I _ Lu°67—(S.M. No. K.I.) _ ]¤"£`
_ Right is rs-ss 79.1" 15 mso 111.9-1 n 75-83 79.27 1 7··~§‘f E; Ri; ·
. Left 14 ni-sr sw 13 81-88 23.8: 11 7<»-ss swf 1» *1·*" Lei
~ _1 Total Pickwick -Ia"-A-A
i ._ Right 210 72-89 81.0` 154 73-95 81,0° Ri? ’
. Left 211 74-94 82.8 144 75-90 83.3" Lei
  if  
  *` l   `
v ;
3 é
TL- Zi

  
2;
 
5
 
'€
. :* _:
fi_  X g1j>N‘1>\’1.<1-1>I.-\PlIYSIAI, 1\N<3LI?S 01* INDIAN IIITMLRI 17 V ·_ .
CONDYLO-DIAPHYSIAL ANGLES °‘ 5
PICKWICK (Sites)—C0ntinued A . 1
UNIJAIRIEI) I\»\IR1iI) ‘ 1
» II.\I,1·l FIZMALIQ M.\I.1·‘