xt7vq814pd68 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7vq814pd68/data/mets.xml The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc. 1945 bulletins  English The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Frontier Nursing Service Quarterly Bulletins The Quarterly Bulletin of The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc., Vol. 21, No. 2, Autumn 1945 text The Quarterly Bulletin of The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc., Vol. 21, No. 2, Autumn 1945 1945 2014 true xt7vq814pd68 section xt7vq814pd68 1 (Eiga ®um·tm:lp {Bulletin
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CLEANING THE SADDLE BLANKETS `
Mary Gellatly, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Stooping) V}
Fredericka Holdship, Sewickley, Pa. (Standing)
—PIlOI.OgI'£l[JIl by Earl PLIIIIIPF
TI-IE QUARTERLY BULLETIN of THE FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE, Inc.
Published Quarterly by the Frontier Nursing Service, Lexington, Ky.
Subscription Price $1.00 Per Year
VOLUME 21 AUTUMN, 1945 I NUMBER 2
"Entered as second class matter June 30, 1926, at the Post Office at Lexington, Ky.,
under Act of March 3. 1879."
Copyright 1945 Frontier Nursing Service, Inc.
I

 s   I ‘
•;,; T ·
  l
15. .._A    ‘ INDEX
 €2“3>· . ;·
 ` ARTICLE AUTHOR PAGE
  A Girl on Horseback in North China
 jg (Illustrated) Lucy Chao 36
  Autumn at Wendover (A Poem) Barbara Williams 77
  V   Beech Fork in the Olden Days Dorothy F. Buck 56
  Beyond the Mountains 79 ‘
gf LLL Christmas (A Poem) Margaret M. Field 14
    "Dear Friends" Mae Rohlfs 12
·—»{Lé‘=+,;·j Field Notes 88
  Why not send the Quarterly Bulletin of the Frontier Nursing
  Service for one year as a Christmas present to some of your friends?
    While our country was at war we did not solicit new Bulletin
    subscribers because our paper stock was necessarily restricted under
 -9  the ruling of the War Production Board.
  ‘ Now we are delighted to welcome new members into our Bulletin
<»4,·.`.
  family.
c·%l *3i
 
    Jllbl. JUAUE, .l.'LI.]_.H.J.§  
{iQ or  x·  Pincher 58
"   Sayings of the Children 75
 'V’ Shoes J 68
S1€€‘P€¥`S The Pe0ple’s Friend, England 58
Swinging Bridge (A Photograph) _ 11
To "0u‘¤1aW" World Government News 98 ‘
Try These on Your Friends The People's Friend, England 25
» What is a Submarine? The Command Post 55 `
I
A

 . i B
  3} Why not send the Quarterly Bulletin of the Frontier Nursing
    Service for one year as a Christmas present to some of your friends?
W  i` While our country was at war we did not solicit new Bulletin
K   subscribers because our paper stock was necessarily restricted under
  ` the ruling of the War Production Board.
  Now we are delighted to welcome new members into our Bulletin
gr family.
 

 Please insert the names and addresses of friends to whom you  
wish to give the Bulletin on the attached card and return the card
with your check.
To each of your friends we will send by return mail a Christmas
card with your name, and this autumn issue of the Quarterly Bulletin.

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.-Y·Z`?·{Y*¤ ·
Tra   [iii/q .*72 :“',,··.,..... Mp.  >v    `   T  
.   ,·‘:_ _,   ;.. 5   {   _; `  V
CLEANING THE SADDLE BLANKETS `
Mary Gellatly, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Stooping) '
Fredericka Holdship, Sewiekley, Pa. (Standing)
—Photograph by Earl Palmer
THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN of THE FRONTIER NURSING sERv1cE, im.
Published Quarterly by the Frontier Nursing Service, Lexington, Ky.
Subscription Price $1.00 Per Year
VOLUME 21 AUTUMN, 1945 i NUMBER 2
"Entered as second class matter June 30, 1926, at the Post Office at Lexington,  
under Act of March 3, 1879."
Copyright 1945 Frontier Nursing Service, Inc.

 ;·   I
f __ 2
.1} Qi
·r~•§
A Eq r INDEX
{fz . ‘_‘—‘
    ARTICLE AUTHOR PAGE
 ll. A Girl on Horseback in North China
 gy -";;_ (iiiustmted) Lucy Chao 36
  Autumn at Wendover (A Poem) Barbara Williams 77
  . 5 Beech Fork in the Olden Days Dorothy F. Buck 56
  <, Beyond the Mountains 79 `
gg?   Christmas (A Poem) Margaret M. Field 14
  "Dear Friends" Mae Rohlfs 12
ql'_'§,;< Field Notes 88 _
` "  "He Who Went About Doing G00d" Malcolm W. Bingay 54
In Memoriam 15
‘ Internment Henry S. Waters 69
Postscript ‘ Anne Waters ·
Doctor’s Day at F. N. S. Henry S. Waters
Jack-of—All Trades Celia Coit Bridewell 22
Just Ten Busy Days Helen E. Browne 26
My First Christmas in the Kentucky
Mountains Anne Fox 76
My Life and Times (Cartoons) Bertha Bloomer 52-53
~ Old Courier News 28
Old Staff News 59
René Dufour (Pictures and Story) 78
Rosa Clark and Babies (A Picture) 87
The Work of the Frontier Nursing
Service (IUUSU`9·t€d) Sir Leslie Mackenzie 3
Two—Fifths of an Acre 98
What Gifts of Love Have Ye? (A Poem)./`. S. Dnncan—Clark 2
BRIEF BITS
Big Sister (A Photograph) 21
Chapters in One Book 55
Grassy Gap School (A Photograph) Barbara Bullitt Watkins 86
Just Jokes, Children 35
\_  ;  A E Just Jokes, Pupils 51
  , · " Pincher 58
   " Sayings of the Children 75
` ` Shoes V 68
" Sleepers The People’s Friend, England 58
Swinging Bridge (A Photograph) 11
To "Out1aw" World Government News 98 ‘
Try These on Your Friends The People‘s Friend, England 25
What is a Submarine? The Command Post 55

 2 THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN
l WHAT GIFTS OF LOVE HAVE YE?
Q by ‘ l
if J. s. DUNCAN-CLARK  .
  Oh, wise men broughT Their Treasures rare A T 
  (`Tis so The lovely Tale is Told).  
  SweeT Tranl:;%ft·`ES***‘¤~’*,;§”,f  _ Q  > _j_  —¤ A; _   -r,-A i y  {EL ( ,  
 _¤¢~,._—. kin h      D»- · . ---· —~— —_'  »·  
i       '   .`;i    
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      ; ·—  .  X.  ~·~·   ee
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uf     ‘§ ·='‘ ·‘ `‘t*     ‘  •     45.   _ I I _ 
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        ..·i  i... ,    e`;      i
  ~ ‘•’}--.      .. » »     ‘»¤~·ee’  ··    
at Hyden to Wendover, 1928
» Sir Leslie and Lady Mackenzie are in the wagon.
I
`i
,4 4

 4 THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN _____
’ In my Dedication Address at the Inauguration of the Hos-
· pital and Health Center at Hyden on the 26th of June [1928] I I
_· made an effort to show how the principles followed in the High- ‘ I
’ lands and Islands Medical and Nursing Service of Scotland might .;
  be capable of application in the mountain areas of Kentucky.  
g Necessarily, my statement was on broad lines and not in detail;  
V! for, although I had saturated my mind with the wonderful his-  
5 tory of the Commonwealth of Kentucky and with the multitudi- 6*
Y nous details of life in the Southern Appalachians, I could not real-  
  ize in imagination the actuality of the mountain problem in a  
, foreign country. Mrs. Mary Breckinridge had arranged to pro-  
;’  vide me with leading classical books on the history, geology and I
 Q sociology of the Commonwealth and I had supplemented my
  reading by detailed histories of the growth of the State and, in N
  particular, the filling of the mountains with this wonderful moun-  
 ‘ tain people; but even to a Scottish highlander familiar with the '
highlands of his own country, those splendid books, scientific,  
literary and historical, could not convey just precisely what the  
{ Kentucky highlands were. I contemplate the preparation of a  
  more detailed impression than is here possible; but I think it due  
g to the Frontier Nursing Service that I should give my general  
$ impression of the value of their purpose as revealed in the con-  
X crete experience of their work. ;‘
  In Scotland within any iifty miles one cares to travel by  
é motor, the country presents a great variety of condition in town,  
$ small town, village, lowlands and highlands. It is true that, in  
4 the extended highlands of the north with its very scattered pop-  
ulation, the mountains are overwhelmingly in the ascendant; but ;»
even there, relatively to Kentucky, the areas are small and one  
can motor through them all in trifling periods of time. But in  
the United States it is different. My first surprise, ending in  °
an immense expansion of ideas, was when we awoke in the mid- _   i’ 
dle of the mountains of West Virginia on our way from New ,  *
York to Lexington, Kentucky. Here for us was the real begin-  
ning of our acquaintance with the Southern Appalachians. From  T
five-thirty in the morning to well on in the afternoon, the train  
sped along the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway through miles upon if
miles of tree-clad mountain land. It seemed never ending. As F .
we came on the Kenawha, the Greenbriar, the Big Sandy and ,
l
n

 ' FRoN·rmR Nunsmo siznvicn s
finally the Ohio, we could not but be overwhelmed for the mo-
, ment with those hundreds of miles of continuous mountains.
- j This was the first great contrast to Scotland. Here we were
i moving among mountains for a distance of about twice the whole
length of our home country. We tried to imagine how the people `
“_ lived, how they wrung from this land enough to maintain the
. many comfortable homes we saw and to furnish the great areas
'  of America with coal, timber, and other products. It was a sight
  to impress the most sluggish imagination and we found the
 ` hours all too short even although our journey among the moun-
i tains lasted for at least nine hours in a speeding train. This was .
" the first experience that gave s'ome sense of actuality to all my
l reading and at the same time made me feel how inadequate to
’ the vast problem my Dedication Address would prove._ But it
$ convinced me long before we ever saw Hyden that, in the thous-
ands of square miles behind the barriers of that fertile and rich
i valley, there lay problems of service that would need generations
  to solve.
i When, however, we came to Lexington, we found there stir-
  ring evidence of the undying spirit of the pioneer. Kentucky
it itself makes a proud boast of being a pioneer State. From be-
; ginning to end of our three weeks in the Commonwealth we lived -
  in the spirit of that wonderful history and when at last, through
  Lexington, Versailles and Louisville on the West, through Berea
  and Hazard in the East, we came to the mountains of Perry and
  Leslie Counties, I still felt overwhelmed with the greatness of the
  problem. Later I hope to make my contribution to the multi-
  tudes of books of Kentucky; but these broad statements of one
fg large-scale problem in America must be enough to ground my
  impression of the high purpose and the fruitful initiative of the
  Frontier Nursing Service.
  Let me say at once that for this high purpose and initiative
`    I feel nothing but admiration. Even from the information I had
  ’ before going there, I could not butwonder at the courage and
  imagination displayed in the proposals to establish a service in
  those difficult mountain lands of Kentucky. But now from ac-
  tual observation I record my conviction that the Frontier Nurs- ,
  ing Service was right to enter on this great campaign by attack-
  ing first the most obvious problem, namely, the immediate prob-
-1
ii
··1
` In i

 6 THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN __
‘ lem of the mother and child. Dr. Estabrook of the Carnegie
Institution in Washington and New York, has given me a great
· deal of information along his special lines. I had the privilege ` ,
E of a long conversation with him in New York. He estimates _;
  that there are in the Kentucky mountains as a whole some  
,. 700,000 people and that of these some 200,000 may be regarded ?i
Y for various reasons as under-privileged. This term, let me say, ,
- strikes me as peculiarly happy; because however the mountains   I
  have become occupied by their present people, the physical con- Q 
  ditions alone justify the term under-privileged. In the Highlands  
  and Islands of Scotland, remote and difficult as some places are,  
’ our people have not to face anything approaching the inland  
  irregularities of production and transport that make life in the  
· mountains of Kentucky so laborious and over-laden with anxiety  
 i and loneliness. But the action of the Frontier Nursing Service sl
 4‘ has already awakened the imagination of other States and it is `
impossible to think that the movement will stop until the im-  
mense resources of money and service that the United States  
  alone can command will be applied to bring the under-privileged  
  onto the same plane of eiiicient service as the great industrial  
5 cities and rich rural areas already display.  
  ) `
P After leaving Kentucky, I found in New York, in Boston, Q. 
3 and in Augusta (Maine), and, even when I crossed the border,  
  in Toronto, a more or less detailed knowledge of the work of the i,
Frontier Nursing Service and the keenest feeling, particularly  
Z in Canada, that the conception of the Frontier Service was on  
  the soundest lines of action. There were, of course, critics to say ·  
how expensive the saving of child and mother in the mountains  
was or would be in comparison with the same service in the more  
highly populated and highly developed industrial States. A point  
so obvious hardly needs to be made. At the same time there  
was the keenest sympathy expressed for the purpose and .  A  »
achievement of the Kentucky "Frontier" Service. I took this as   _ .
evidence of the conviction that on all the frontiers of all the {
States and Provinces where so much has been done, the concen-  
tration on mother and child is a duty arising out of the immedi-  ;
ate necessities, no matter what the ultimate developments may  
be. When I see in memory the multitudes of keen and beautiful  
faces of the boys and girls, of the young men and the young Q
5

 F1>.oN·r1Ei>. NURSING smnvrcia 7
women, gathered in Berea from the mountains of West Virginia,
Virginia, Kentucky, Carolina and elsewhere, I cannot but feel
· _ that the determination of the Frontier Nursing Service to con-
  centrate itself on the skilled care of the mother during her con-
.? iinement and of the child at its first weeks of life, is justified by
  the splendid work already being done by Berea College. For me
A there is no need to argue about the need for service; I have only
l to recall how I felt when I spoke to some six hundred of the stu-
  dents of Berea College on that Sunday morning before going to .
g; the .mountains. Here was the symbol of the contribution the
  mountains make to the work of civilization. I expect to see
  nothing better wherever else in this world I may wander.
  l But let me now come to detail. Until we had made our la-
  borious way in a mountain hack drawn by two mules over 18
  miles of mountain track, over creeks and fords, dirt roads, and
. rock roads, and areas of no roads at all, and until we reached
  Thousandsticks Mountain, I could not place on the work of the
  Nursing and Health Centers of Leslie County the supreme value
Q I now place upon them. I had to see those nurses dressed and
  titted to their part, braced by an unquenchable enthusiasm to
  the day’s work, go out on a mission in the morning and return
f_  after nightfall, wearied but still enthusiastic. This kind of pic-
  ture was new to me. I shall never forget the morning at Wend-
  over when we all gathered to see a mother and baby start on
gd the journey home into the mountains. The horses were brought
  out; the nurse mounted on hers and took the baby in her arms.
-   From the riding stone, the mother, a powerful young mountain l
  woman, waving us "Good-bye all," jumped lightly onto the
  pillion, and then, with another mounted nurse in company, they
  rode off by the Middle Fork and thence by creeks of names un-
  known to us, to place the mother and child back in their home.
 ·’ e g That was on a bright, sunny morning. At eight o’clock in the
  dark evening both nurses returned radiant and told us the story.
' C l They had taken mother and infant some 10 miles up difficult rid-
  ing paths and then they went further to see other cases needing
  attention. They had to wander along diiiicult mountain roads
.;l  and for a long distance over a mountain they had to lead their ,
Yi horses. And this was to see other three women for whom ar-  
` rangements had to be made. It was fearless work. No doubt l
6 I
l
{ .
l 2

 s THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN _
r it carried its own stimulation of adventure; but let us not put too
much stress on the romantic factor. This is work for people of I
_· earnest and high character and trained intelligence. ‘ ,
i It would be possible to load this short statement with many  
ii a detail of this order; but I wish to add something on the doctor’s ‘
3 part. It goes without saying that, among a population so sparse Q
‘ over an area so difficult of transit and so precarious in produc- , 
Z tion, the conditions of medical practice make medical service on if
  the ordinary private terms practically impossible. Here, as in g
  the nursing field, there is hardly room for argument. All` the  
  more admiration must we entertain for the work that the doc-  
  tors do. It is the saddle all the day and all the night in impos-  
`  sible conditions. The heroic temper both of doctor and of nurse  
f conquers many difficulties; but in the end in every day work  
, we have no right to rely on the heroic temper or on ethical  
 A genius. These are indeed admirable; but the work of every day  
demands a service less exacting for each individual and it is my  I
{ belief that the greater service will grow out of the present  
  initiative.  ,
, The question of where to begin is important; but it is not  —
Q final. My own opinion is that Mrs. Mary Breckinridge in empha-  
" sizing the need for the trained nurse-midwife is doing precisely  
. what is due to the actual conditions of immediate necessity. But,  
  as she has several times said in speech and writing, that is only  
I the beginning. As in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, so  
Q ` in the mountains of Kentucky, she contemplates the growth of a  
¤ nurse-midwife service supported by an adequate medical service.  
A For the moment, it seems, for many reasons, almost impossible to  
secure for those mountains an adequate medical service; but the  
nurse-midwife service concentrating on the immediate needs of ii
mother and child is already established. But the Commonwealth  <
of Kentucky is also playing its part and the regional medical _ 
officer of this County is already authorized to help the nurse- -  
midwives in emergency and to direct them in the work they are  
doing for the State Health Department and to keep touch with  
all medical developments in the county. Surely nothing can be  
more sound in administration.  f
[This “Regional Medical Officer” was Dr. H. C'. Capps, the ._
first Medical Director of the Frontier Nursing Service. He re-
I

 _ 1¤1>.oN·1·1ER Nunsme smnvron s
ceived a salary from the Kentucky State Health Department and
l the Frontier Nursing Service jointly.]
  At the opening of the Hyden Hospital, Dr. McCormack,
’ State Commissioner of Health, was present and, with an easy
_. eloquence that I could only envy, he touched the inner minds of
  the whole gathering and in conversation afterwards he opened
A  out to me the·larger ideas of his Department. I realize to the full
  the difficulties that any State Health Department suffers from
& in a comparatively young State like Kentucky; because, nearly
i forty years ago, I experienced in two Southern Counties of Scot-
; land how little in a given time the public health service can do
  and yet how essential it was to do the little that could be done.
  Today, I can look back on those beginnings with some pride;
  because in those two Counties, poor in resources but full of the
  spirit of progress, there has grown up a service in every section
Q of health that now makes the day of my first acquaintance with
E them incredible. It is the steady intention that counts and the
  use of every opportunity to stir interest and enthusiasm.
V It is the first time that my wife and I had the privilege of
  visiting an American State. It is not too much to say that we
  have left our hearts in Kentucky and already we long to go back
  there. If a year or two from now we could again take so long
  a journey, we should, I have no doubt, find that the roads into
  the mountains both real and figurative would be but an index of
  a steady penetration of the Frontier Nursing Service into unpro-
fi! vided fields of nursing and midwifery. I make no difficulty what-
  ever about the attitude of the medical profession towards the
  midwife. For many years Ifelt, as many of the American pro-
’· · fession do, that the midwife alone was not adequate to the social
 * situation; but after many years’ experience in Britain and, par-
  ticularly in Scotland, we have now come to the conclusion that
Q; . the ideal combination is the trained nurse-midwife working in
E concert with the trained medical practitioner. Nowhere in the
,· conversations I had with medical men in New York and Boston
  did I find anything but support for this conception. In Scotland,
  Where a long leeway has still to be made up, that system is ~
E  spreading into all the difficult sections of society and it is nothing
short of this that the Frontier Nursing Service ultimately aims
I

 io THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN . ' I
{ at. In the end I have_ no doubt that this system will be fully de- ;
veloped even in, the mountains. .
3 Let me take this occasion once more to thank the Frontier  
; Nursing Service for giving us the privilege of taking part in this  
of great demonstration so full of possibilities for the life of mil- ~  .
i lions of mountaineers and for the life of the groups concentrated  
in the mountains of Kentucky. We wish it every joy and every EJ
Z success.  
f One final detail of administration. Mrs. Mary Breckinridge  
_` (in Quarterly Bulletin No. 2, Volume IV) explains with pre- E
  cision the analogy of our method in Scotland to the method pro-  
 { posed in America. Our yearly grant is in the strictest sense a  
  V National grant. That is, it comes from the general taxation of  
` Great Britain supplementing Local Nursing Associations and re- E
 Z quiring supplements from the Local Authorities. As I explained  '
` in the Dedication Address, this particular grant was the amount  
allocated by the nation as a whole for an area that was in many  
 ‘ respects necessitous. This form of grant is not confined to med-  
~ ical and nursing services. It has just been applied to the im- gg
Q provement of the steamer service between the mainland and the  
E Outer Hebrides. For more than a generation the inadequacy  
of this steamer service has been a public scandal. Now the  
  present Government has obtained the consent of Parliament Q
i to control that steamer service in a way that will make a better  
j industrial life possible for all the peoples (about 50,000) of the  
  Hebrides. There have been grants also on account of education,  
° and special allowances for seed potatoes, cereals, housing, roads  
and bridges, and, not least, tuberculosis. The reconstituting of  
land-holding goes back more than two generations; but this  
large and difficult question I only mention. All these grants and  
expenditures are the expression of a national policy. That policy _
is grounded in the conviction that the central State has a duty to _`
all the out-lying necessitous a