xt7wpz51hs8h https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7wpz51hs8h/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1967 journals 166 English Lexington : Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Kentucky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.166 text Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.166 1967 2014 true xt7wpz51hs8h section xt7wpz51hs8h >
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TESTING LOCATIONS OF ~
THE KENTUCKY HYBRID CORN PERFORMANCE TEST I
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Adm: ENR E ;
Area Location Cooperator 2
Non-Virus l. Princeton West Ky. Sub. Sta.
2. Hartford J. C. Pirtle—Owner ,
Walter & Earl Campbell-
operators
John M. Kavanaugh-Area (
Extension Agent ` _
3. Lexington Ky. Agr. Exp. Sta.
Virus Q. Vanceburg Alex Walters, Jr.
Edward Strong-Area ·
Extension Agent
Acknowledgment is made to Gary Hicks, Department of
Agronomy, and to the University of Kentucky Computing
Center for assistance in summarizing the results reported »
in this progress report. n
(2) L A
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* .
X RESULTS OF THE KENTUCKY HYBRID CORN
y PERFORMANCE TEST IN l966
3 C. R. Tutt and F. A. Loeffel
4 The objective of the Kentucky Hybrid Corn Perfor-
mance Test is to provide an unbiased estimate of the
Q relative performance of corn hybrids being sold in
g. Kentucky. This information may be used by farmers, seeds-
men, and research and extension personnel to determine
5 which hybrid most nearly possesses the characteristics
which are desired or required for a specific situation.
The need for the University of Kentucky Agricultural
Experiment Station to obtain this information is indicated
by the change in hybrids being purchased by Kentucky
° farmers, the large number of hybrids which are available,
V » and the economic importance of corn to Kentucky agriculture.
i The average yield of corn in Kentucky in 1966 was
59 bushels per acre. This is lO bushels below the record
yield which was recorded in l965. This yield should
_` provide a production of 70.3 million bushels of corn for
1966 possessing an approximate value of lOO million
dollars.
i The 1966 corn crop in Kentucky was one of the latest
· on record. Corn planting was 2-3 weeks behind normal due
to wet weather during April and May. Planting was delayed
’ more in the major corn producing areas of the west than
. in other areas of the state. Statewide, only lO-l2 per-
‘ cent of the corn crop was planted by the end of May. Corn
A M that was planted early was seriously injured by poor
stands and continued cool weather.
Q Early corn in the southern and western parts of the
state also suffered considerably from the hot, dry
L weather during July which reduced pollination. Yield
é prospects rose sharply for late-planted corn as August
rains relieved drought conditions existing in most parts
of western Kentucky.
R
4 (3)
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Because of the drought in July and the rains in 3
August, late corn produced better than early corn this 4
year. A cool wet autumn delayed maturity of the crop
and by October l the crop was 4 weeks behind normal. By ·
the first week of November, corn harvest was 60 percent
complete. E
+
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS ¢
The performance test was conducted at four loca- {
tions in the state this year. The locations together
with the names of the cooperators are listed on page 2. 7*
The testing sites are grouped according to the presence
or absence of the corn virus, Maize Dwarf Mosaic. The
virus was present at Vanceburg but was not present at .'
Princeton, Hartford or Lexington.
F
Fifty-six hybrids which are available to the farmers _
of Kentucky through commercial trade channels were com-
pared. These hybrids, developed by state and federal * -
research agencies and by private seed companies, are
listed in Tables l and 2. Information is presented con-
cerning the seed source of the hybrid, the kernel color b
and the type of cross. The type of hybrid is designated
as follows: double cross, QX; three—way cross, 3X; and
a single cross, 2X. The following material was evaluated .
in 1966: 35 double crosses, 3 three-way crosses and l8
single crosses.
Rainfall data for the testing locations are presented
in Table 3. Agronomic information pertaining to the `
testing locations is presented in Table Q. Results of
the Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance Test are sum arized ‘ _
for periods of 3 years, 2 years, and one year under non-
virus conditions and are presented in Tables 5-7 respec-
tively. Results of the 2 years and one year test under 4
virus conditions are presented in Tables 8 and 9. The A
hybrids in Tables 5-7 are grouped on the basis of kernel 4
color. Within groups, the hybrids are listed in order , -
of increasing moisture content. The hybrids in Tables 8
and 9 are arranged in order of decreasing M.D.M. virus
  A
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resistance. Yield results of the four different nitrogen-
* plant population combinations are present in Table lO.
3 Table ll presents the treatment average of all hybrids
for various attributes under different conditions.
Field Design.
Q Each hybrid was planted in eight plots at Princeton,
x Hartford and Lexington and in four plots at Vanceburg.
Corn was hand planted, simulating hill dropping. All
J tests were planted at an increased rate, and the resulting
I plants thinned to the desired stand at each location.
E Each hybrid was planted at two levels of nitrogen ferti-
lity, l33 pounds and 2OO pounds of actual nitrogen per
acre, at Princeton and Hartford. Two plant populations,
2 l7,&24 and 23,232 plants per acre, were used at each
g nitrogen level.
· ° Yield.
_ The corn from each plot was harvested and weighed
* individually. The yields of the hybrids were determined
and are reported as bushels of shelled corn per acre with
a moisture content of 15.5 percent.
4
Moisture.
The moisture content at harvest is the best measure
5 of relative maturity of hybrids which is available. A
hybrid may be considered to be earlier than a second hybrid
A if its moisture content at harvest is consistently lower.
g Maturity thus determined is not absolute but is relative
to the hybrid being compared.
_ Moisture samples were taken on an individual plot
E basis and moisture individually determined at each location.
Erect Plants.
* The percentage of erect plants is considered to be
l an estimate of the resistance of a hybrid to the total
insect and disease complex affecting standing ability.
6 This value is obtained by counting plants with stalks bro‘ .
between the ear-bearing node and the ground level and
those which lean from the base at an angle of more than
L
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i

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30 degrees from the vertical. This sum is subtracted
from the plants present and the difference divided by *
the total plants to give the percentage of erect plants. *
Ear Height. 9
Ear height, the distance from the base of the plant
to the point of attachment of the upper ear, was measured Y
visually using a scale with one—foot intervals. Visual ¢
ratings were taken on each plot of each hybrid at each
location. "
Disease. l
Visual ratings of hybrid reaction to corn virus
were taken at Augusta and Vanceburg in 1965 and at
Vanceburg in l966. Present indications are that the only ‘ ·
virus present in Kentucky is Maize Dwarf Mosaic. All H
plots of each hybrid were rated shortly after silking on
a l-9 scale,with l being resistant and 9 being extremely ~ ·
susceptible. Q
INTERPRETATION
lt should be kept in mind that test plot yields will ‘
tend to exceed those of commercial plantings because test
plots usually receive more careful culture than do com- Q
mercial fields. Also desired stands were obtained by
over-planting and thinning,and plots were picked by hand `
which reduced harvest losses. .
The performance of a hybrid may vary considerably `
from year to year and between locations for a given year. 4
Because of this variability, test results for a single
year or for a single location are not as valuable in a
choosing a hybrid as the results for several years and
for several locations. '"
  4
Small differences in yield are usually of little
importance. However, when a hybrid is consistently *
superior over several years of testing the chances are i
good that the differences are real and should be consi-
dered in choosing a hybrid. Factors other than yield 4
should be considered in selecting a hybrid. Moisture x
<6> *

 S
3
A
_ content, plant lodging and ear height should also be con-
" sidered. The reader must form his own opinion as to how
y nmch weight to give each character other than yield, `
because it is seldom that one hybrid is distinctly superior
) to all others for each of the characteristics studied.
` Only tentative conclusions can be drawn from the
5 plant population-nitrogen combinations presented in
\ Tables lO and ll since data are from only one year of
‘ testing. Because of drought conditions this year and a
4 lack of uniformity of soil conditions within the plots,
` the high nitrogen-high plant population combination may
have been at a disadvantage. Two or three years of data
· __ on these various combinations should prove quite useful
_ in selecting hybrids to grow under specific management
G conditions.
r' The best hybrid to grow is the one which best suits
i the individual farm and farming operation. For this
‘ reason it is suggested that a new hybrid be grown frequently
‘ on a trial basis in comparison with the hybrid presently
grown. New hybrids should be grown on a limited acreage
{ for evaluation before being grown on large acreage. It
is important to keep in mind that two hybrids should be
compared only when they are grown in the same field in
* the same year using identical management practices. A
P good way to do this is to plant seed of the new hybrid
beside currently used hybrids in a field being sure to
; mark them at planting time. It is important to observe
the hybrids frequently during the growing season. At
harvest, yield should be determined and other observational
b notes recorded. By doing this, a grower can come to a
sound decision as to which hybrid best fulfills his needs.
Q MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC
I Corn growers in areas where Maize Dwarf Mosaic (M.D.M.)
virus has been identified should take special precautions
° in selecting hybrids. This disease severely reduced yield
and stalk strength. It appears to be associated with
Johnsongrass in which it is believed to overwinter. It is
¤ then transferred back to the corn plant in the spring by
I an insect vector, possibly an aphid. Where the disease is
known or suspected to be present, only M.D.M. resistant
; hybrids should be planted.

 4
z
Table l. Hybrids Tested in 1966 A
-!
2;::;IIIIZZZZZ;IIIIIZZIZZZZZIII:Z2ZZIZZIIZZZZZZZZIIZZZZZ:•
Hybrid Color Cross Source of Hybrids _
 
AES 809 Y AX Agricultural Experiment 9
Station (North Central) °
4\
Crib Filler 66 Y 2X Mitchell Farms
88 Y 2X Windfall, Ind. *
l28 Y AX
l83W W AX _
Dekalb 805A Y 2X Dekalb Agricultural
872 Y AX Association, Dekalb, “ _
999 W AX Ill.
lOO6 Y AX
XL-65A Y 2X •
XL-BA2 Y 3X
XL—362 Y 3X
XL-385 Y 3X k
Ken-Bred EZOYA Y AX Golden Acre Hybrids ·
E20YB Y AX Taylor-Evans Seed Co. _
M2OW W AX Tulia, Texas ‘
SX20Y Y 2X ¤
T-E Cropmaster Y 3X
Ky 105 Y AX University of Kentucky p A
592lW W ax Agricultural Experiment
6l32W W AX Station, Lexington, Ky. ‘
65OA Y 3X _
6507 Y 3X
Meacham M-7 W AX Meacham's Hybrids 1 A
Route 3, Morganfield, Ky. A
P.A.G. SXI7 Y 2X Pfister Associated Growerst
SX29 Y 2X Inc., Aurora, lll. and
SX59 Y 2X Franklin, Ky.
sw Y ax *
I
(8)
1*

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1
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Table l. Continued.
»
A Hybrid Color Cross Source of Hybrids
i Pioneer 509 W AX Pioneer Corn Company, Inc.
5ll W AX Tipton, Ind.
f 3327 Y 2X
A 3369 Y 2X
‘ 3376 Y 2X
X2786 Y 2X
n 1 Princeton 8-A Y AX Princeton Farms
` g Bl-A Y AX Princeton, Ind.
790-AA W AX
Z 890-AA Y AX
5 920-A W AX
. ' 990-A w AX
», SX-803 Y 2X
SX~80A Y 2X
A
$ Schenk S-96W W AX Charles H. Schenk
SX-75 Y 2X and Son, Inc., Route A
3 Vincennes, Ind.
i Southern States
9 820S Y 2X Southern States Coop.,
860 Y AX Inc., Division of Seed
866 Y AX and Farm Supply, Richmond,
909E Y AX Va.
’ 960w w AX
979 Y AX
Matoaka Y AX
L Stull l0lYS Y AX Stull Brothers, Inc.
50OWC W AX Sebree, Ky.
0 8OOW W 2X
807YAA Y 2X
;US 523W W AX Experiment Station (U.S.D.A.)
I
., (9)
Q

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Table 2. Pedigrees of Experiment Station and A
U. S. Hybrids Tested in 1966 *
A
 
  é
Hybrid Color Cross Pedigree
v
`
AES 809 Y AX (WF9 x P8) (Oh A3 x Cl03) ‘
Ky 105 Y AX (T8 x CI21E) (38-11 x Oh7B) Q
Ky 5921W W ax (C16A x 33-16) (Ky20l x CI66)
*Ky 6132W W ax (Cl6A x 33-16) (Ky216 x Ky2l9) '
*Ky 650A Y 3X HA9 (Oh7A x Oh7B) .
*Ky 6507 Y 3X CI2lE (Oh7A x Oh7B)
US 523W W AX (K55 X K6A) ( Ky27 x KyA9)
  I
* Seed not available for com ercial planting A
Q
a+
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Table 3. Growing Season Rainfall V
Q
  ,
Test Inches of Rainfall 9
Location May June July Aug. Sept. Total <
Princeton 5.89 2.29 l.A6 3.87 2.53 16.0A .
Hartford 7.37 0.78 2.18 A.36 2.68 17.37 ,
Lexington 3.A6 O.66 A.97 A.92 3.AA l7.A5’
Vanceburg 2.7A 2.03 A.8l 3.58 3.66 16.82 A
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