xt7wwp9t2q46_103 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7wwp9t2q46/data/mets.xml https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7wwp9t2q46/data/59m61.dao.xml American Liberty League 37 linear feet archival material English University of Kentucky This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed.  Permission must be received for subsequent distribution in print or electronically.  Physical rights are retained by the owning repository.  Copyright is retained in accordance with U. S. copyright laws.  For information about permissions to reproduce or publish, contact the Special Collections Research Center. Jouett Shouse Collection (American Liberty League Pamphlets), No. 106 "What The Constitution Means To The Citizen," by Hon. George W. Maxey, Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, March 1936 text No. 106 "What The Constitution Means To The Citizen," by Hon. George W. Maxey, Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, March 1936 2013 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7wwp9t2q46/data/59m61/59m61_106/Am_Lib_Leag_106_001/Am_Lib_Leag_106_001.pdf section false xt7wwp9t2q46_103 xt7wwp9t2q46 AN INVITATION TO JOIN THE  
AMERICAN LIBERTY LEAGUE   * *
We extend to every American citizen who believes in   l   I    
the fundamental principles which gave birth to the  
Constitution of the United States an invitation to be-    
come a member of the American Liberty League.  
You may indicate your acceptance of this invitation   I    
by filling in the necessary information as to your name   V
and address on the enrollment blank below and mailing  
it to American Liberty League, National Press Building,      
Washington, D. C.  
There are no fees or dues. If you are willing and able  
to give monetary help for the League’s support your  
contribution will be appreciated, as our activities are   A
supported entirely by the voluntary gifts of our   * * *
members.  
ENROLLMENT BLANK  
Date A   By
I favor the principles and purposes of the American   HON. GEORGE W. MAXEY
Liberty League and request that I be enrolled as a  
regular 2 Justice of the Supreme Court
{ _ _ member. E .
*contr1but1ng E of Pennsylvania
Sigmzture    K A e
Name (Mr. Mrs. Miss)  
  e e
E      “'4·
o., Street S    
· E E so 7 lu
§ S ¤> ~ —·` ¤
2 E ‘°4> v°
¤. —  s N L6
Town E
County State  
*As a contributing member I desire to give 3--   AMERICAN LIBERTY LEAGUE
to help support the activities of the League: Cash here-   National Headqumrteys
  NATIONAL PRESS BUILDING
withAInstallments as follows: A   WASHINGTON, D. C.
._....—......—..—-—   >1» *
(106) ; Document No. 106
; March, 1936

 l .
What the Constitution Means
to the Citizen I
i fl *
3 BLESSINGS brighten as they leave us."
People usually pay little heed to the things
I which serve them best. Almost everyone takes
the Constitution as a matter of course-—just as
V a child takes its mother. What the absence of
I constitutional guarantees means most Americans
I may not know but their Old World ancestors did.
l Many years ago in England a man named
  Walker kept a tavern called "The Sign of the
_   Crown." He told his little boy that he would
I make him "heir to the Crown," meaning the
J , tavern. Because he thus used the word "Crown"
l he was accused of "compassing the death of the
W . king." He was executed for "constructive trea-
HEN h · h d - h h- A son." A certain English king once killed a white
Met ion we fini`? e wu t H I buck which belonged to Thomas Burdett. The
PM"? P °“"° P"' " °” °° “”"° Q owner in his anger said he "wished the buck,
friend or acquaintance who might be   horns and all, was in the belly of him who
ingested, calling his attention to the I counseled the king to. do 1t.i’ As the k1ng had
_   acted on his own initiative in the matter, Bur-
mcmbershlp blank °” Page 24‘   dett was charged with constructive treason and
‘ executed.
. When James II was king, Algernon Sidney,
,_ one of the noblest of men, jotted down in his
Z own private memorandum his ideas of desirable
_ changes in the government. His desk was rifled
P and the papers revealed. He was executed. The
_ theory was that to express an idea was to com—
mit "an overt act" and if the idea was objection-
able to the rulers, the offense was "constructive
treason." I
l
3 OUTRAGES such as these are impossible under
I the United States Constitution. It defines trea-
1 son and prescribes its proof. Chief Justice Mar-
, shall in 1807, in the trial of Aaron Burr, forever
; outlawed from this country the crime of "con-
§ structive treason." Albert J. Beveridge in "'I`he
_   Development of the American Constitution"
  says: ·
  ~ s
  V

 I
B that series of 0 inions in the Burr Case , · · · · ·
Johrii Marshall foreverpoverthreiw the cruel, brutal, William Waillacei the Scottish patriot, was Sim-
inhuman, illogical British and European doctrine of iicriy executed In 1867 the F€m`imS’ Burke and
constructive treason, and established in place of it * OiBrieh» Were sehteheed uto he hshgedi drswh
the humane, reasonable, American doctrine of ac- and qua1’te1’ed.” That this sentence was nOt
tual argddplerioaial_treas¤nb_ iiésltig 1 trial. American newspapers of July 29th carried
crowd made a ring and watched the fight. Then i items, Stating that m Hence Prussia, F?tii€r
two stalwart fellows rushed forward and this victim i Ludwig Roth was Sentenced te 8 months im`
too was disemboweled and quartered. Y prisonment for declaring in his pulpit: "Human
I l life is worthless in the new Germany/’
THE ABOVE described infamies were com- Z
ihittcd ih the iiisiizehetheh egeii nf Ehgiehd, i SUCH THINGS could not happen here, for our
the age which nnedneed Shakespeare- These » i Constitution is a citadel of human rights. Be-
rcsloohsihic fer them enneidered hhemselVes J ; fore the time of its adoption, 1789, rulers had
civiiized and reiigiohs> ee did these Arnerieens   for centuries enslaved thought, shackled enter-
who in Salem late in the seventeenth century Q pyjgg and suppressed ambition, The masses
Permitted the hanging of enppneed Wir·ehes· were moetly peasants and in the name of gov-
Exccotihg cohdemhed Persehs by hanging, ernment they had been robbed by so-called
drcwihg and qiierterihg Preveiied in England "nobles" armed with battle-ax and spear. Of
for nearly six hundred years. The first victim A the oppressed peoples of the Old World, the
Wee the Weleh nninee, David. in 1284. In 1305 t meet robust the een-re11eht came to this new
4 s

 continent. All they asked was land and free- l _ ’
dorn_ Thev fonnd plenty of Work, for their l 1D France after the monarchy had been de-
minds were alert and their hands were willing. _ SU`0Y€d» "‘ahe ml'? 0f_l»h€ P€0Pl€"_ PT0°lmmed» I
They were energetic, thrifty and self-denying. l andthe WIOOIOY af Nhbereyt €Qu&uW aad fea-
As they heoame prosperous and the government l tern1ty" nnfurled. In certain European countries
attempted to desnoil them, they holdlv ehal_ where within two decades emperors have been
lenged it to battle. After a six-year struggle r derbreued emd meu feem humble ure have b-e'
against an empire, they achieved their mde- T come the heads or state, the lives and hhertles I T
nendenoe Thev then organized a government l of countless individuals are w1th cruel injustice I
suitable to their sturdy, liberty-requiring char- being daily forferted. History records that dur-
aeter_ They made it olear to the Congress th€y mg the many C1V1l commotions 1n England thou-
created that its business was not to be the sands af rue beer meu eud rue Pureee berrrere L l
legislative manufacturing of economic or any reu by me haafi ef the bubue exeeuueuer Ia
other kind or straitjaokets; they made it olear the "b1oody ass1zes" held in Winchester 1n 1685,
to the Chler Executive that he Was not the 320 men and women were sent to their deaths
master but the first servant of the Nation. The by me haeemaa ee me beedemerr aed several
Constitution, like the Decalogue, contains nu- haadaed mere Were Ordered te be sale {eee
rnerons and emnhatro ¢ Whea the faete periods wisdom and goodness take their leave of
xVe*rreured» aa me Preelrdeur eud Ceugreeei many clothed with executive authority is proved
Your acts are void because you are attempting _ by examples from our own historv
to do what the Constitution declares you must
not do."
That all natlons have recurring periods of IN OCTOBER, 1864, three citizens of Indiana
passion is a matter of hrstorvr In sneh periods were arrested by order of a general of the United
individual freedom is trampled under foot in eeaaes Arm? _ Ther Were breugbr berere e mu" l
republics as well as it monarchies. Never have 1eas>*ea¤am1se1ea»ae1ed as ehasaee based ea thas
been human rights more insecure than they were ebpeerueu ea wer meeeuree ef the geverumeuu
6 and were convicted and sentenced to be hanged.
7

 The charges against them were so vague in char- by Washington and Lincoln .... Our fathers knew
acter that their eminent counsel, Jeremiah S. v Ehat lmhmlted newer was aspecisiy hazardous to
Black, said to the Justices of the United States   memem
Supreme Court: v
l AMONG many other guarantees against in-
The charge is found on this record, but you will i vasions of personal rights is that provision of the
Egzoxteabxugs sgépnggags ;Tgsi¥;1;‘i·€ 511;; 13;%; Constitution forbidding "unreasonable searches
some offense unknown to the laws, which he chose and Selzuree A Relient cause _0f thenvvar for
te meke eeeitel by leeieletiee ef his Owe. Independence was writs of assistance or gen-
eral search warrants issued in the Massachusetts .
Mey 19, 1865, Wee the dey eee fer their e X e eu_ Colony on the authority of the British Parlia- _
mee- Theee mee hed eee lived in the wer Zeee ment. These warrants enabled the revenue of-
and they never had been in the military or naval eeere ef Beeten te enter private tenses and
service of the United States. The only thing eeereh for alleged smuggled g¤<·dS»W1¤h<>3¤¢ Speer I
that saved them from death, was the Constitu- tying eleher eeueee ar g°°dS· James Otls mann s
tion, They availed themselves of the right to 3 tamed that . even an ect Ot Perhement Whleh E
writ of habeas corpus and their cases reached the ehould Saimtwil SO gmee an lefrmgemene ef the  
Supreme Court. They contended that they had lmmememel rights et Enghshmea Sheuld be
been deprived ef their Hehe te heel by jury. treated as null and •vo1d. John Fiske says the
Though the executive department of the govern- eleeuenee ei One in the eeumeeem attacking ·l
mem, ee represented by the Attemey Geeerel, writsv of assistance 1S Justly remembered as the .
demanded their execution on the military verdict, Openme Scimeof the Anierlee? Revoluelem `Iehn
the Supreme Court declared their convictions Adams Saad, m 1818: Ot1e_ argument egamet U
ineeel end eee them free. In thee eeee (Ex peete writs of assistance breathed into the nation the `
Milligan, 4 Wall. 2),the Court, speaking through L breeth.Of.1ife` Tile Supreme Court has pre"
v Mr. Jeetiee Devid Devie, Seed: * tected individual citizens whose rights of privacy
L had been unlawfully invaded by governmental
No graver question was ever considered by us .... I agents armed with S€&1`0h warrants issued with-
The founders of our government were familiar with i' out probable cause. In Boyd U. U. S., 116 U.S.
the history of the struggle for liberty and they made . 616, that Court Said: v
secure .in a written constitution every right which _
the people had wrested from power during a contest r It IS not the breaking or s ments d001‘S, and the ·
of ages ____ Those grant and good mon forosnw rummagmg of his drawers that constitutes the es-
  that troublous times would arise, when rulers and sence Ot the 0Henee» but it is the i¤V8Si011 of his
I people would become restive under restraint, and ladefeaslble right Ot Personal sscurity, personal
` that the principles of constitutional liberty would be hberty and private rrvpcny-
in peril, unless established by irrepealable law ....
Tkgg Cgngtitutiin of tree United Sta§s is a law fog THE CONSTITUTION protects the citizen in
ru ers an eo e, e u in war an in ace, an
covers withpthe) shielld ofeits protection alteiilasses of Ceunelees ether. Ways' He cannot be arrested
men, at all times, and under all circumstances. No Wleheue e ludlelel Warrant fvundcd on Prdbdbls
doctrine, involving morn pernicious consequences, cause. In certain other countries individuals are
was ever invented by the wit of man than that any locked up indefinitely on mere oflicial nods, and
often; régovlionei cg? beeegxrsflelrgged dgilnzneg gngoofzrgllie hundreds of thousands of human beings are to- S
leeads direeztly to anaxezhy or despotism .... Wicked dey m pmson Wlthout knowmg what they are U
men, ambitious of power, with hatred of liberty and eeeueed ef or who put them there- N€il3h€I‘
contempt of law, may fill the place once occupied friends ridr counsel 8»I‘€ permitted access to them,
8 9
. ` l

 Z Our Constitution guarantees to every defen— HERE THE oulzeurs PYoPe¥'eY» as Well as his
dant a speedy trial. The accusation against him _ M6 and liberty, is protected by the Constitution
e must be duly presented in Writing and his no_ e Our organic law declares that "private property
onool. must confront nine Ho must be triod in shall not be taken for public use without just e
the district where the alleged crime was com- { oompeuseuour, In Loon Aeeooiotion U- Toloeka,
mitted and he cannot be compelled to testify W or   ooov ooo¤ the Supreme Cours denvunced
against himself. He is entitled to an impartial erorrretry decrees Uuouer legislative forms), and
jury fairly selected and he has the right of chal- eeue:
lenge. The trial must be public; no Star Cham- To lay with one hand the nowor of tho gog,o,.n_
ber procedure behind closed doors is permitted. ment on the property of the citizen, and with the
The Government when properly requested rnuet other to bestow it upon favored individuals . . . is
summon witnesses in the defendant’s behalf. He gene the lesele robbery oeeouse u is done under
is entitled to counsel, and judgment of guilty G Orme O ew`
T. must be based either upon ae voluntaryeplea of FOI, nearly one hundred end may yeere the
guuey or upon e Juryjs euemmoue Verdreu No Constitution has served as a protector of Amer-
purushmeuo ooo be mruored exeepr thee pre' ican lives, liberty and property. In these days
sorrpeo by leur The error must be oooouored m when property is being confiscated in the name
spuueor reu`oess· Joseph H· Choeee m 1898 of "taxation," when the savings of the thrifty
sai? in referring to the then recent trial of Zola oro boing oonnsoatod in the name or rrraaavaryel
m Yeuoei ‘ it is gratifying to note that two-thirds of a
The government took up the challenge [i.e., of Century egO_ the Supreme Court or the Uoroed
Zola to the government for the outrage committed States: obedleue to its duty to l1Ph0ld J0h€ COH-
in the Dreyfus Case] and there followed e trial stitution, would not permit the Federal Govern-
which for reekless and eruel disregard for every ment to conflsgeate the property of Robert E_
}`)Ij1].'lClpl€ of Plght &1’1d']l1St1C€ kD.OV?’I1 to US, 1S·Sl1I`€ly o Lee, even in   nalng Of paltrioltisule Though
without a precedent in modem history, yet it pur- j Arnneten had been Seized in time e f e _ _1
ported to be e Jury mer   strife and made a national cemeteryem-trio cgi;
Here such an unfair trial would be a denial of I preme Cooro sero in Unered Stores o· Lee» loo
that Hdue process Or lawn guaranteed by the Con_ US; l96: ‘Shall 1t be sa1d that the courts can-
_ stitution and the resulting verdict a nullity. not iswe e reteedr when the ouuzeu oss been
s Another bulwark of individual freedom is that deprrveo of ble PI`oP€1°l»Y by foree, his estate
nnevieien ef the Constitution which reads: seizled witleoutelawful author1ty,•w1thout process
"Congress shall make no law respecting an gl,   ine Wlrhemr eeerpeneerrom beoeuse ree
H establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free reel ee aes an ered It and hre oreeere ere ro
exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of possession B Suereree oouru e’ctmg_ m _
_ . obedience to the prescriptions of the Constitu-
speech or of the press, or the right of the people nen eneweeed thee eeenee ,,Ne a e 1_ e
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Gov- the e ee nete eeeeierd ‘ ’ en err re
ernment for a redress of grievances." pp p y`
In some European countries today millions of M _
people are being persecuted and tortured and · ANY oTHER_e><¤mp1es mlght be cited as to
exiled because of their race or religion, and how the o¤¤S¤f¤t}t1¤¤ uouolue the Tights EVBH of
fneedem ef Speech, mesa, and assamblaga is the humblest citizen. These guarantees are the
neneexietenn soul-substance of free government. They are
lo 11

 e as essential to the life of this Republic as roots depends upon the continuance of their power. Lib-
are to the life of a tree. In the above cited drty dlwdys demands in limitation of P01i*¤i<>¤l
4 opinion of Mr. Justice Davis, he said: The i &uth°Uty‘
T fathers of this Republic “secured the inheritance i _ _ _
i [of individual liberty] they had fought to main- S Long before Laskl It was Wmttmi UPOWEY
tain by incorporating in a written constitution breeds arrqgance and arrogance Pdrrdpidth the
tho Sofoguords which oimo had provod vvoro understanding heart." .The English author, Sir
ossontial to its prosorvotionj, Henry Maine, said 1n his "Popular Government/’
Some persons lightly refer to proposed amend- pubhshed m $86: ‘fThn Supfdmd Count of the
moms as no Change in tho mlooy Whilo o fovv Un1ted States IS a unique creation of the founders
provisions of the Constitution are merely rules gf the Q°nSt1J°uu°n·” _H€ nnfnnn to its duties nn
Whioh might bo ohongod Without Stmotorol annulhng the usurpat1ons" of the executive and
domooo, moot of its provisions oro prinoiploo leg1sl.at1ve authorities. He adds: "The success
vvhioh ooo no moro bo omondod Without fowl of this experiment has blinded. men to its novelty.
rooulloo to our oonooimioionol govommono than There 1S no precedent for it either in the ancient
the Ten Commandments could be amended with- nn the modem W°I`1d·”
out shattering the moral and social order of
nn nnnn Tn nnnnm nn nmnnnmnnn mn nnnn Ir THE roms ofthe Supreme Court ee keep
of the presidential inauguration from March . . _ _
Mh to January oooh is 3 change Of rule that the·Ch1ef Executive and Congress w1th1n those
limits prescribed for them by the Constitution
does not affect the governmental structure. To is taken awa our Written u ra t f
amend the Constitution so as to take away the Son 1 1.b t. y’ ld be g a n °f’fS 0 pm"
judicial power of the Supreme Court or the a ,,1t€H)1€i Wou . Bcomc mere. Scraps df
legislative power of Congress is so to change EZSEILH gona gssed aslde at the Whlm nf Pnnnn
;u1{),;;)&;€bOf ti;V;r?£;€1g; $:6;) make it umn- Y To amenrl i-ih; Constitution so as to transfer
a 1 y p ny'   from the states to the general government control
I of affairs which from time immemorial and by
IT REQUIRES the most statesmanlike "engi- ·* their very nature are primarily of local con-
neering” to arrange a delicate balance between cern, is to mark the beginning of the end of that-
the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. nation which consists of "an indestructible union
. That power should be distributed among these of indestructible states." In every tyranny that
three branches, if individual liberty is to be V has ever existed, a central authority has regu-
secured, is declared by authorities, supported lated through bureaucrats the daily lives of the
by reason, and affirmed by experience. The dic- people of a vast domain. Senator Borah recently
i tum of Hobbes was that "Freedom is political well said in referring to "the governing of 130,-
power divided into small fragments." He ob- 000,000 people from Washington in all the affairs
viously meant that if power is concentrated it of daily life from the farmer’s wifemarketing
becomes tyrannical. Laski says in "Liberty in her chickens to the discretion of the husbandman
the Modern State": in his planting and sowing," these things "are
_ _ _ _ _ done by thousands of bureaucratic ascarides who
o   0119 3.SSlll'€d IGSUIIJ of h1SiZO1'1C2»1 lI1\i€Si'rlgE.l51OI'1 r   in the   Of arbitrary power. In Such
1S   lesson that l1DCODi3l'Oil€d pOW€I' IS 1!1V8lI'18biy delegated powers are hatched those raven , -
poisonous to those who possess it. They are always , ous m
tomotod to imoooo tooo. ooooo of good oooo othom sects as fatal to the liberty of the citizen as the
and they assume that the good of the community locusts to {5118 fi8id of the t0ile1‘.”
· 12 13

 THE FRAMEPRS or our Constitution took tho eral Government will before long absorb all the
Ul`iI'I'1OSl'lI)1`€C3il1)(i101'lS against any altll€l’Dpl2€d €Strab" pOWerS of legislation and We will have one egg-
lishmeht, gf 3, bure3,u(;r3,(3y_ They not only solielated Government. Every friend of our free
limited the power of the general government to tnsntutteng ehe1“t_d *;lWeY§ be Prepeered t0 ¤1¤i¤t¤i¤ A
matters of general concern but they expressly ;1;1§;§e;2€eh;nee;;S“11 Vlgor the rights wd Soyer"
declared that "the powers not delegated to the "
United Sta-tes by the Constitution, nor prohibited i Lord Brougham said of the American Union:
by it to the states, are reserved to the states The devieiee meeee fer keeping the Ueiene ie_
I`eSp€Ct1V€lY 0I` to the pe0ple." tegrity as a federaoy while the rights and powers
Chief Justiee Marshal] eeirisidered the een- of the individual states are maintained entire, is
stitutional division of powers between the federal thee gary gteeteet Yeti¤e¤}e¤t il} S¤¤i¤1 Policy *50
union and the states as the distinguishing feature W lc any age has over gwon born:
of this Republic. He said (in 1819) in Mc-
O T .
Cuuough ve Maryland, (4 Wheaton 316): T RANSFER to the central government
power to regulate matters which are inherently
No political dreamer was ever wild enough to for ohome rule" is to throw our entire mecha-
think of breaking down the lines which separate the nism of government out of balance. A proper
— etetee end or ¤¤mp<>¤¤di¤g the Ameneen PBOPIB balancing of units is as essential to the success-
into one common mass. f 1 k. f , ,
u wor mg o government as It 1S to the success-
Jefferson in his letter to James Madison in ful Workrng or et Preee er meenmety OY Ot the ·
1786 insisted that in the new union then pro- Solar Systouiz It b¤¤¥¤¤eb<=¤¤gS had power to  
posed to be formed there should be "the proper amend the oensntnnen er the eerer eyetem
division of powers between the general and par- end attempted te de Se by eeergnmg te eeme
ticular governments" and the states should be plenor nne orlort treyereo by enetner Smee CI`e·
"kept distinct in domestic matters."* President anon or byenoreesrng rne rneee or one lnenet e
Andrew Jackson in his Farewell Address said: eee deereeemg the mess Ot a¤¤th€1¤ it Wwld
no require an as ronomer to foretell that the
There have always been those who wish to enlarge solar system was headed for a smash. Sir Henry A
the powers of the General Government. Its author- Maine i th k b ·e _
ity is suincient for all the purposes for which it was 7 n G WOT _&   C1 €d’ SayS°
. created; these powers are enumerated and every The powers and disabilities attached to the United
attempt to exercise power beyond those limits should States. and to the several states by the Federal I
be firmly opposed. For one evil example will lead C0nst1tut1on and eplaced under the protection of
to Other measures Still more mischievous, andrif _ _ _ deliberately contrived securities have determined
supposed advantages or temporary circumstances th€ Wh<;>l€ GOUYSG of American history, That history
shall ever be permitted to justify the assumption began m e _e°¤d1tt0¤ Of S0¤i€tY produced by War
of e power not given by the (jeustitutjen, the Gen- and revolution which might have condemned the A
........... Great Republic to a fate not unlike that of her
*Jefferson wrotehin 1799 to Elbridge Gerry: “I am disorderly sisters in South America. The provisions
for pI‘eSe1`V1Hg to li 6 States the DUWGYS not yielded by of the American Constitution have acted on her “
them to the Union and I am not for transferring all the me eh dk h. h .k
powers of the States to the General Government, and 9 eee 1 os W ro Sm e the eye er the traveler,
eu those ef that gevemmeut to the Exeeutivey controlling the course of a mighty river beginning
In 1811 Jefferson said: “The true barriers of our liberty in mountain torrents and turning it into an equable
are our State governments .... Distinct States amal- waterway.
gamated into one as to their foreign concerns, but single
and linfiependent das teeltheer interngl aedministration, A
regu ar y organize wit egis ature an governor resting
on the choice of the people, and enlightened by a free MERICANS Should betyete or any lender
press, can never be so_ fascinated by the args of one man Wh0 &l3lL€mPJ0S to tamper with the "dikes," fer
as te Snbnnt yenmterny te gs “e“"F’et’°¤· when the dikes are disturbed, the floods come.
15 I

 Conditions yogulting from the   Way pyg- fl1HdEI.II1€I1l)&lly alter here   dlVISlOI'l of fl€d·· `
sented a great temptation to destroy the con- 61%} g0.V€Yf1'1m€Ht&l DOW€}‘ b§l5fV€€H the €X€0l1l51V€,
stitutional balance between the Federal and thfi l€S1Sl8»l¤U1`€, and ”¤h€ Judiciary, OY UWB b9»l§nc€
State governments. When the end of that war of P0W€1“S between l»h€ Umm and tht? f0YtY·€1ghlV
was near and the triumph of the Union assured, 001¥1m0¤W€&l’¤hSi ·9»Y€· h€&d€d t0W8·Yd the 9#bS0‘ S
there were powerful congressional leaders who iutism of fa t0mhJ°&U9»¤ Stam-
declared: "The states in secession must be
treated as conquered provinces/’ Owing to pre- THE TECHNIQUE Of those in authority
Vailing Super-Charged 6m0ti(mS’ the proposal m_ who constantl clutch more ower has seldom
Ceivcd Wide Support But Abraham Lincoln chan ed Anyone who has {ac uired absolute
with flawless wisdom took the position that the OW; has begin a Ood ,,S&1€Sm(;m,, Of himself n
seceding states be restored to the Union with all p g ,, . . . ,,
. . . . He has professed great zeal for social Justice
their self-governing powers unimpaired. At the . .
. . and held himself out as a healer of economic
last cabinet meeting he held (ten hours before ms If he Sou ht Control Of a €Opl€,S religion
the tragic end), he said he did not share others’ * h ' . g p ’
. » . . . . . . e piously declared such control necessary for
feelings of v1nd1ct1veness and 1t was his pOl1Cy their Souls, Salvation If he took rivate YO _
to "re-animate the states and re-establish the H bl. Ith . ,6 p pt. p
Union " And at that very moment as though SIW for pu 10 use Wf Out Jus immpensa wm
Providence was permitting a previéw Of what he averred that it was for the ult1mate good of
. ' ` . ` 1 h`
was to be ultimately the ¤a**¤¤·rd<’= ~S¤1*a¤f Eifpiiiiiilliii. .l;.Z.iy2i“Z ?E.31p..§ZtZEyS§§ZfiT I
L1ncoln’s sound statesmanship, there was being {iced human lives b Wholesale Or 3 TO Hated
raised above the battered ramparts of Fort to himself rivatey TO Ht by tg;) Igmiom
Sumter the identical flag that had been hauled .   p p Y . . `
. without offering the excuse that in so doing he
down under hostile fire four years before, and was the usavior Of the State ,, Last year when
as it unfurled, thousands of South Carolinians an Euro Gan dictator felt it IQIGCGSSMY to éxplain
along the Charleston shore began to sing "The Why mpg Single day he had done to death with
St S ldBanr." . ’.°
ii ugiggg c€nt;1€g0V€rnm€nt,, is always an the merest mockery of a trial, 200 human beings,
instrument of despotism. Though Russia is he d€clamd`
officially a “UI1lOI1 of Republics," its govern- If someone asks me why we did not invoke an
ent, 'S in fact one ynan’S Wj]]_ Lonin Syd th t ordinary court to deal with these men, I can only
{Sahel.; might be any number Of parties ig] Ru? tell him: “In Ithis hour I was responsible for the
. .d d that the Communist Part. were fate of the nation, therefore the Supreme Court of
$1% prov] 8 Y _ the people during these twenty-four hours consisted
in power and the members of all other parties of myselfy
in jail." In Germany on July 14, 1933, a decree
was promulgated that "there shall be only one Napoleon III was a good "salesman." Elected
political party in Germany/’ i.e., the National President of France in 1848, he continually
Socalist Party. No Czar’s power ever surpassed plotted for power and popular support. He had .
Stalin’s; no Kaiser’s power ever equalled Hitler’s. many press agents on the public pay-roll. By
Under Czars human lives and property were December 2, 1851, he had so adroitly placed his
at least fairly secure. Under Kaisers they were friends in strategic positions and so won public
secure. Today the autocrats of each of those favor that he carried out his "coup d’etat" and
countries are