xt7xwd3pxw97 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7xwd3pxw97/data/mets.xml Alabama Alabama Museum of Natural History 1952 Other titles include: Alabama Museum of Natural History museum paper, Geological Survey of Alabama, Museum of the Geological Survey of Alabama. Other creators include: United States. Work Projects Administration, Geological Survey of Alabama, Tennessee Valley Authority. Issues for 1, 3 carry no series numbering. No. 2 also as Education papers no. 1. UK holds archival copy for ASERL Collaborative Federal Depository Program libraries. Call number  AS36 .A2. journals  English University, Ala. : Alabama Museum of Natural History, 1910-1960 This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. Alabama Works Progress Administration Publications Museum Paper, no. 34, 1952 - including "New Genera of Anophthalmid Beetles from Cumberland Caves" by J. Manson Valentine text Museum Paper, no. 34, 1952 - including "New Genera of Anophthalmid Beetles from Cumberland Caves" by J. Manson Valentine 1952 1952 2015 true xt7xwd3pxw97 section xt7xwd3pxw97 |· , 4 ` n
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    GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ALABAMA
} I—;]iD WALTER B. JONES, STATE GE<>1..oG1sT
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    MUSEUM PAPER 34
   .
_ NEW GENERA OF ANOPHTHALMID BEETLES
l*¥—**¤ - _ FROM CUMBERLAND CAVES
. (Carabidae, Trechini)
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O` `  J. MANSON VALENTINE
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November, 1952
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 V` A GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ALABAMA
WALTER B. JONES, STATE GEOLOGIST
MUSEUM PAPER 34
- NEW GENERA OF ANOPHTHALMID BEETLES
FROM CUMBERLAND CAVES
(Carabidac, Trcchini)
by
J. MANSON VALENTINE
,5\.IRVEy
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UNIVERSITY, ALABAMA
November, 1952

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  LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
  University, Alabama
  November 2, 1952
V ionorable Gordon Persons
Governor of Alabama
Montgomery, Alabama
Sir:
I have the honor to transmit herewith the transcript of a
report on "New Genera of Anophthalmid Beetles from Cum-
berland Caves", by J. Manson Valentine. It is requested that
ghis be printed as Museum Paper 34 of the Geological Surveys
if Alabama.
  Respectfully,
B VVALTER B. JONES,
; State Geologist
 

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   INTRODUCTION
  Over a hundred years ago, the first anophthalmid cave
  beetle from North America was described by Ericson. Be-
 . lieving it to be congeneric with European species, he named
ii it Anophthalmus tcllkampfi in 1844. This form, an exceed-
  ingly abundant cavernicole inhabiting the great cave com-
  plex of central Kentucky’s Green River basin, has remained
  up to the present writing, the largest and most aberrant of
  our known anophthalmid fauna, which is an impressive one
  comprising scores of species. In 1920, Jeannel, recognizing
  its divergent character, separated tellkampfi from the many,
  more primitive forms, designating it as a new genus (Nea-
i phaenops) and establishing another new genus (Pseudan-
i ophthalmus) to contain all our other species known at the
  time. The older name (Anophthalmus) was necessarily re-
  stricted to the original genotype and its immediate relatives
  which form a compact group of specialized cavernicoles
  endemic to the Julian Alps.
; The present paper is descriptive of three, perfectly dis-
  tinct genera none of which is referable either to Pseudan-
a ophthalmus or to Neaphaencps. TW0 of these (Nelsonites and
A Darlingtonea.) appear to be sufficiently close to the pseudan-
  ophthalmid series to warrant inclusion within it. The third
Q (Ameroduvalius) represents an evolutionary line that is new
1 to our known biota.
  Jeannel considers Pseudanophthalmus and its allies to be
~ an emergence of an ancient trechine line which he refers to
as the "phyletic series of Trechoblemus/’. The latter, an Old
  World ditypic genus, has been assumed to be close to the
  ancestral line of both the Appalachian cavernicolous fauna
  and a small group of eyeless species (Duvaliopsis) confined
  to caves in the Carpathian and Transylvanian Alps.
c Trechoblemus micros Herbst is a trechinid of wide dis-
tribution in both Europe and Asia, with a distinct segregate
(T. postilenatus Bates) in Japan. It is a rarely found, winged
; beetle possessing well developed eyes but often living in total
  darkness in caves and exhibiting a predilection for limestone
  regions. A close fossil relative (Trechoides fasciatus Motsch.)
  from the Baltic Amber points to long geological history dat-
  ing back at least to the Oligocene. No epigeal ancestor of our
 I anophthalmids has yet been discovered in America and there

 l A?
[  
{ 6 Geological Survey of Alabama > _
l is little likelihood, in view of the exhaustive collecting of Ap-. I A
palachian carabids over the past fifty years, that one wil? T`<
turn up. It seems reasonable to suppose, however, that tha gy
ancestral type, altho extinct in America, may still be sure , j
viving in the Palearctic Region, possibly in the form ox 1,,
, Trechoblemus itself. 1 L_
The principal characters uniting the Old and New Worl
sections of the Trechoblemus series, as pointed out by Jear , _7
nel, are these: 1, retention of the primitive, dorsal pubescenc ,  
in all but the most specialized forms; 2, retention of a primi (  
tively large series of prebasilar setae (8 to 12) ; 3, fusion o _ I  
the labium (submentum) with the prebasilar plate; 4, un _ l
ion of the apical, recurved elytral stria with the third disca   ,
t stria; 5, the asymmetrical character and lateral position o    
the transfer apparatus in the internal sac of the aedeagus   A]
I In distinct contrast to the Trechoblemus series is anothex 1
I more homogeneous line of cavernicolous speciation, as prc u
L lific in eastern Europe as the former is in eastern Nort; wi
{ America. This is Jeannel’s "phyletic series of Duvalius", bj ‘·
i   far the largest genetic assemblage of anophthalmid species ·.s
i with headquarters in the mountainous regions of the Balkan » ¤·
‘ and derivatives in the Alps, Apennines, Pyrenees and thl  
i Djurjura of Algeria. Indeed, the majority of Palearctr ‘<
l l cavernicolous trechines belong to this group. Duvalius, th i1‘
l l largest and morphologically the most conservative genus, i e
g   divided into many subgenera, while three other gener `1
j ‘ (Trichaphaenops, Anophthalmus and Aphaenopidius) eXhlb’ ri
i ’ spelean adaptations that range from moderate attenuation l i
. the extreme modification found only in species that spen il
E l their lives in the deepest recesses of montane cave system. —i
  { The characters serving to integrate the Duvalius serie  
. i are these: 1, dorsal pubescence variable but generally sur ii
l   pressed; 2, prebasilar setae reduced to six; 3, a freely artici W
1 l lated labium retained; 4, orientation of the apical, recurve· _,
, l elytral stria which points in the direction of the fifth discz A
l stria; 5, the symmetrical character and ventral position in th , i
i internal sac of the transfer apparatus of the aedeagus.  
As has been stated above, two of the new genera (Ne}  
4 , sonites and Darlingtonea) fall within the Trechoblemus S€1`l€  
    and the third (Ameroduvalius) within the Duvalius series *2
I .
é

 i New Genera of Anophthalmid Beetles from Cumberland Caves 7
Ap, 1 it only under the broadest interpretation of the first four of
Wi]: tre five alternative categories. Consequently, the phylo-
tlia ignetic status of these forms depends upon a critical evalu-
sur~ ;;ion of the characters which Jeannel considers to be of
O` iandamental importance and which form the basis of his
l eys.
  1. There is little ground to dispute the alleged primi— l
“° i 1 ve significance of the carabid pubescence. It is a character
enc . . . .
im, i sat appears in all major branches of the family to a varying
r drips. Often it seeks shelter beneath stones or wood.
ive T
iran Etymology:
im; It is, indeed, a source of considerable satisfaction to name
I H · his remarkable new genus of cave beetles, together with its
iw we species, in honor of Pvt. 1st Cl. Nelson Bolling Jones,
.illed in action in Germany April 2, 1945. Nelson, Dr.
pwd YValter Jones’ oldest son, was himself an ardent and
ud . curageous cave explorer—one who would have taken the
UO A Frcatest delight in the discovery of the cavernicole that now
  nears his name.

 I i  
I l 16 Geological Survey of Alabama  I
1   ~ r or aaaa r at or   ; — y at J e
{ I Nelsonites jonesei sp. nov.  
I ` 0*
I (}eneml——Characters of the genus plus the following;   ii
· Length 6.7 — 7.3 mm., width 2.1 - 2.3 mm.; ferrugino-te   i (1
Q taceous; nearly glabrous. Q ,_ Q
( " llcnd—Characters of the genus plus the following: Re   * (
atively wide (index .57 - .59) ; distinctly granulo-alutaceoui g I ·l
genae swollen, much rounded, epicranial grooves deep, arci E ` ‘*
_ ate; clypeus with usually 4 but often 6 setae; geneal set;  
( long, plentiful.   · (
  Pmnmzmz—Characters of the genus plus the following Q t
  Relatively wide (index 1.1 - 1.2); finely reticulo—alutaceou» I t
  very convex; margin extremely narrow, much rounded oyt   {
  anterior half; hind angles sharply acute, slightly producel   (
t slightly elevated; basal angles obsolete, base rather truncat · A
N Ely2m—Characters of the genus plus the following: Ver
j 1 convex, widest point about midway from base to apex (index ` ; l
t   .61 — .62); scutellum very elongate; humeral area of plan: I ;»
  tion triangular or trapeziform, reaching from the slight} ,
E concave humeral margin to the suture which is elevated i
( this region only, and forming a concavity at its junction wit g _
( . - another, more limited area of planation extending posteriai   ‘
j from the base below the scutellar papilla; margins nearl, I
, l straight from slightly rounded humeral angles to point c  
  j maximum width, thence gently arcuate to apices which ar  
j separately rounded; striae obsolete over anterior areas n _
l , planation, very shallow but distinct over main disc, broke `
  and confused over apical areas, shallowly and closely punw V
· “ tate, intervals convex; apical groove and carina much r<-  
` ( duced but distinct, the former joined to the 5th stria by > 1,
  1 series of punctures and/or pigment spots (which underlie at ,
I   the striae); the setigerous papillae of the hume