xt7z610vr20d https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7z610vr20d/data/mets.xml Lyon, Sidney S. (Sidney Smith), 1808-1872. 1857  books b96-11-34699600 English A.G. Hodges, public printer, : [Frankfurt, Ky. : Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Topography. Topographical geological report of the progress of the survey of Kentucky in the counties of Greenup, Carter, Lawrence and Hancock for the year 1857  / by Sidney S. Lyon. text Topographical geological report of the progress of the survey of Kentucky in the counties of Greenup, Carter, Lawrence and Hancock for the year 1857  / by Sidney S. Lyon. 1857 2002 true xt7z610vr20d section xt7z610vr20d 







CONTINUATION FROM VOL. 2,



                   fil  Till.


   TOPOGRAPHICAL GEOLOGICAL REPORT

             OF TIHE PROGRESS OF 1iIH


        SURVEY OF KENTUCKY,


               IN TILE COUNTE3 O(F


GEENUP, CATER, LAWRENCE AND HANCOCK,

             FOR THE YEAR 1857,

                    BY



S I D N EY - S.



L Y O N ,



TOPOGRAPHICAL ASSESTANT.

 This page in the original text is blank.

 

                         CHAPTER I.
  OBSERVATIONS ON THE GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY OF GREEfNU COMUM.
  In my previous report on the progress of that part of the Geologi-
cal Survey of Kentucky confided to my direction, the observations of
Greenup county were set forth to the extent they had been made up
to that time.
  During the present season, corps No. 3, under the direction of Mr.
Edward Mylotte, has extended the field work. The topography and
geography of that county has been completed, except a narrow strip
along the western margin of the county, including only the beads of
some of the longer branches of Tygert's creek. The topographical
work has been extended also across Carter county, east of Little Sandy
river, as well as some distance into Lawrence county. For the extent
and completeness of this work, I refer to the map of the survey ac-
companying this part of my report.
  The observations on the eastern coal and iron region made last year
were not sufficiently numerous, or in such close connection, as to war-
rant any safe general conclusions. The observations for the strati-
giaphical and geological features of this district have been very much
extended during the present season, and a few deductions of a general
character are here presented.
  1. That the margin of the Eastern Coal-field of Kentucky, on the
west, nearly coincided with the ridge of high land dividing the waters
of Tygert's and Kinniconick creeks; and on the north the margin line
nearly coincided with the present line of the Ohio river, from the
mouth of the Scioto river to the mouth of Little Sandy river.
  2. That the disturbing forces, operating during the deposition of the
carboniferous formation of Greenup and Carter counties acted with
very great energy along this margin, and that it was sustained nearly
at the level of the water of the then existing sea, during the whole
carboniferous period.
  3. That the greatest subsidence occurred to the south-east and south.
west, from the mouth of Little Sandy.
                  54

 

TOPOGRAPHICAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.



   4. That the sea bottom, at the period immediately succeeding each
subsidence, was very unequal, and waving, making long troughs and
ridges alternately; and that, to a greater or less extent, this condition
existed at every subsidence, with, however, this ditkrence the ridges
of one period seldom agreeing with those of the period immediately
preceding it, and not unfrequently the ridges of one period lie diagon-
ally across the waves of the preceding one.
   5. That as these periods of depression, and upheaval, succeeded
each other, the rushing currents of water frequently wasted and car-
ried away part of a bed and depotited the wasted materials in another
place.
   6. That the period of the formation of the several beds of iron
stones, was one of general submergence, proved by the continuity of
the beds over wide areas.
   7. The character of the beds were much modified by the currents,
sometimes transporting and mixing sand, and other transported mate-
rials, with the ferruginous deposits, and sometimes sweeping the beds
previously formed, either entirely away, or leaving them merely in
holes and pockets, formed by the inequalities of the original sea
bottom.
  8. That the final upheaving force, by which these measures were
raised to the position they now occupy, many hundred feet above the
level of the present seas, produced by lines of fracture, along which
the course of the larger streams was determined, as well as a majority
of the branches and drains, notwithstanding the immense denudation,
there is no evidence that any branch, or stream, has been produced
alone by the wasting force of running water.
  9. That the forces producing the final elevation of the Coal Meas-
ures of Greenup and Carter counties, acting in lines of unequal force,
has raised the high lands between the larger streams into ridges of
curved and bent rocks, and associated materials-always making the
dividing ridge between parallel streams higher from the bed of the
stream to the top of the ridge, than the thickness of the rocks, &c.,
composing the ridge; the height of the hills always exceeding the
thickness of the rocks, by the amount of the dip of the rocks from
the center of the top of the hill to the bed of the stream. Further-
more, the waves producing the main and subordinate ridges, have been



426

 

CHEMICAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.



crossed by a force which has thrown the great hills into waves of great-
er or less length. This last force appears generally to have crossed
the lines of the first waves nearly at right angles. In a few instances,
instead of waves and undulations, faults have been produced. It is to
the effect of these two lines of undulatory motions, that are to be
traced one of the most remarkable features of the country-the "low
gaps ;" at which places the main ridges are nearly severed, sometimes
bent down, and sometimes broken by a fault; in which one side of
the gap appears to hold the normal height of the ridge, while the other
side has fallen towards the gap, from 75 to 300 feet. The faults are
the exception, the waving and bent stratification is the rule.
  From a careful consideration of the preceding propositions, it will
be seen that each hill and valley of this country becomes in itself a
special study. There are a few rules which have been found useful in
the investigation of this country.  If the measures are not exposed,
there are in them several beds of alternately soft and hard materials,
marking the hills with a succession of benches. The line of dip, with
a few exceptions, is with the line of the creeks and valleys. The dip
is also nearly always from the centre of the ridges towards the valleys.
Pine trees universally mark the debris of coarse sandstones. Spruce
and hemlock locally marks the millstone grit. Chestnut oak always
marks heavy deposits of clay.  These characteristics have a local appli-
cation, and will hold good in the Coal Measures of Greenup and Carter
counties.
  The sandstones at the top of the Knobstone formation produces pine.
The next sandstone in the ascending series, producing this tree, is the
mass over the coal at Clinton Furnace, and upper bed at Ashland. The
third sandstone, in ascending order, marked by pine, is the sandstone
over the bed called the limestone ore of Laurel, Steam and Caroline
Furnaces. There is still another sandstone marked by its belt of pine
trees. This last lies high in the hills, and has been observed in but
few places. A small point of a ridge at the head of Key's creek, on
the rounded hill south of the Pike, near Mr. Scott's, on the highest
points at the head of Stinson's creek, in the vicinity of Caroline Fur-
nace, and at the head of Indian creek, are the only places where this
member has been noticed.



427

 



428           TOPOGRAPLIICAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

STRATIGRAPHICAL ARRANGEMENT AND EQUIVALENT BEDS OF DIFFERENT LO-
                                 CALITIMi.

   The following sections will partially exhibit the changes in equiva-
lent members, and may serve as the key by which the beds of ore may
be traeed along the sides of the valleys, and sought for in their true
geological horizon. It is to be observed, however, that the character
of the ores and associated materials are much changed, even in incon-
siderable distances. The horizontal place of a given bed is, also, much
modified from a given locality. On descending a branch the bed is
found to descend with the line of the valley. It may be expected
that the bed will be found occupying a higher position on ascending
the same valley. Further, as the line of stratification curves with the
line of the sag of the ridges, so the ore beds are also depressed with
the rocks between which they lie.

              1ro. 1. Section of the measures at Kenton Furnace.



       ___KI__
       ts7 6



6 72i7!23 6



            15






6II  I      16  11

   TM-!...,7 9
   I9 I
   L -A- 4---D1










       I I 10
             O1



Co vered space.
Scattered patches of kidney ore.
Micaceons sandstone and sandy abales.
Sandstone beds used in building furnace stack.
Bed of clay, probably the waste ol clay elate.
Top hill "Block ore." Soft, with light colored ochreoas specks.
Covered space, probably, elate and shales.
Top of seven feet, kid.ey ore beds.
Ad Little Block" ore, 4 to 6 inches thick.
Space, with shale.
- Rough Block," 9 to 18 inches thick.

Sandy ahales.

"s Hearth Rock" beds.
Rough, coarse sandstone.
Ore bed resting on the snb-c-rboniferona limestone at Boone
  and Kenton Furnaces.


Sub-carboniferous limestone.

Knob freestone and shale, equivalent to the rocks of Triplett
and Kiuniconick creeks.
Base of furnace stack, resting on Knobtons beds.
Bed of White Oak creek.



I.'

460
4U17-
jW

:M17
294
287-



2--



267
258
247



10

 



TOPOGRAPHICAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.



429



No. 2. Section of the measures equivalent to those at Kenton Furnace as seen at
  Laurel Furnace.   See map of Greenup countyfor relative position of places.



I


465

376



3671



31Y

314


aol



2r5
25s  



'i1b
17   



177


136



6 .          89



       12








   _.... . .. ..... -.3
6              5a  
              15



















  ZZI Z2 1 0
61













              43
     611 7













              15
       ,C l '  10

8             1- 0

-_i www 1
6TTo w
  _ 0 _w_.w  
        17_W _W_ ...  
        ft _ W.. ..W  



I
I -



S



2



-4



Top of hills. The upper 89 feet local; capping only a few of
  the hills.
Covered apace, probably clays. Timber, chestnut oak.
Dark argillaceous shales, varying from 4 to 30 feet.
Sandstone, fine grained. This rock Is local, and varies from
  s few inches in thickness, to 25 or 30 feet thick, frequently
  pebbly.
Dark clay, from I to 30 feet.
Limestone ore. Baker Bank.
Coal 1 inch to 4 inches thick.
U nder clyv, from I to 4 feat thick.
Slope, ith shale and sandstone at base, fiom I to 10 feet thick.

Place of Red and Bsek Smih BRank.



-I Top of bencb, probably sandstone.



Clay bed.
Sandy shale.
Hard sandstone.
Sandy and clay shales.
Clay bed.

Sandy shales.


Bed of flag stone.
Black clay shale 4 to 5 feet.

Shaley sandstones 16 feet.

Soft coarse sandstone, equivalent to the bed used at Raccoon
  Furnace for boob stone.
Lower part strongly marked by oblique lines of deposition.

Drab micacious saudy bsales.
Thin bed 3 to 5 inches--sandy, kidney and block or.

Drab, sandy, micacisus and clay shales, alternating.
Covered space.
Drab sandy shales.

Hearthstone bed of Laurel Furnace, equivalent bed ued as
  Raccoon Furnace for hearth rock.
Lower part shaley sandstone.
Lowest ore bed known at Laurel Furnace.
Rough blocks, and generally sandy.

Shaley sandstoneand shales.

Sandstone.



'This rock has been used for hearth.



2



tig-  

 



430



TOPOGRAPHICAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL BURVEY.



Flagstones, thin boded, 2 to 6 inches thick.

Sandstone.
Ton of stack. Laurel Furnace.



ltl i10!                s Thin beded hsrd sandstone.
166                       Six feet ledge.

                   X  :  X 7  Seven feet ledge.
                   l  ;  8 t Eight feet ledge.

  40Ir [ tX   ;;9       I Nine feet ledge.
50
       __ -- t; t4 ID    Lowest rock seen at Laurel, 50 feet below the top of stack.

                           Probable equivalent of the millstone grit.
                      ___  Locally a bed of shales and small coal.
                 _           canl Fioe clal.

        l tg tLX; j--  Sub-carboniferous limestone-



See Sections Nos. 12, 1 and I6.



So. 3. Section at Raccoon Furnace, from Ruccoon creek towards the nortAwest.





311                         Ferruginousconglomerste, "poor ore." top of dividingridge
         -  C   i   5        between Raccoon and Alcorm creeks.
336       7                 Place of limexdone ere beds of Laurel, Steam, and Caroline
                   45 '      Furnaces.
                            Covered space, mostly argillaceous shales.
291     _      
                   20      Shale, sandstone and clay beds exposed at Triplett's bank.

i2fl                        Company's ore bank, 10 inches to 2 feet.
                   16      tPlace of principal ore bedsof Raccoon andBuffaloeFurnaces.
                            Thin beded, soft micaceous sandstone.
                            Bluff of heavy sandstone, top and bottom thin beded; mid-
                     : 0t  41  die of the mass very thick beded, composed of coarse an-
                   41 1 X 1     gular sand and quartz pebbles, marked by feueeginous belts
    l______!                   adpatches.
                            Locally a thin coal.
                   16 j    Coveredspacei soft beds,mostlyargillaceousshales.

  t The horizontal position occupied by equivalent ore beds, are severally thus. "Brown
Bank." 295 feet, "Company Bank." 340 feet, " Tipton Bank," 350 feet. All these several
openings are in one hill, and are highest to the west, or head of the creek.

 



TOPOGRAPHICAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.



19,                  10 1 8   Sandy shalee, part of the bed micaceous.

14T   4          j   18       Thick, obscurely beded, very soft sandstone.

1/)9  4        -   9       Soft sandstone, bedding well marked.

1b5   4              5   -    Sandy shales.
155 - 4  ;                    Sandy, poor ore, 6 inches thick, (not worked

        F           16       Covered space, showing in several places, thin bedd
                                 sandstones and sandy shales.

]-i9  4__
                    1 5  8  Coarse sandalone, evenly beded.
                              Heartb rock of Raccoon Furnace, 18 inches thick.
133   6                       Shale.
               sS5s 4A  
         .I  I           4   Rock used in construction of stack, 18 inches thi
                                and ferruginous wben weathered.
12    4jI       r
         l    d     35       Sandy shales, with a few beds of sandstone intereal

93   4                       Locally cisy band, with thin coal

                    10   8  Thin beded soft sandstone and shales.

02   8 1t ff VXS il21    8   Covered space, mostly sandy sbales.
                              Sandy ore, here 4 inches, 14 of a mile east, 18 inehe
          kQRA.1;t ziE X7
                             Sandstone soft and imperfectly beded.

                             Ash colored and dark grey sandy shales with a
        I          38          seams of argiUaceoss shale.
15         0                 Bed of carbonate of iron.

        -          7       Dark grey shales, bed of Raccoon creek.


                             Bottom of pit 8 feet deep. bed of chert and silicious
                               restingon sub-carboniferous limestone 7


 5See sections Nos. 15 and 16.



431



ed, muddy









ick, rough


aled.



e thick.


few thin







 fire clay,

 



432         TOPOGRAPHICAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

Xo. 4. Section at Steam Furnace, from stack to Carrington bank, southwest-
                                       weardly.



        . -.
           16
a a a a








     lo a


            1    3 -



            1 62



          y5  

          38  2

       1 00
...a __ _













           32
           5   t

           21
     25  

     ..._...  



Clay and clay shale..


Little block ore.
Clay bed, with kidney ore, ores not regularly bedded.

Coarse sandetone and conglomerate, over Carrington, or
  "Drift Bank."
Clay over limestone ore bed, from one inch to 30 feet thick.

Limestone ore, Carrington Bank. The ore bed varies iu
  thickness from Y inch to 4 feet thick.

Limestone used as a fluxing material. On the Steam Fur
  nace lands it varies in thickness from one inch to B feet.

Clay beds over diggings west side of ridge.
Covered space, probably clay shale.
Clay shales, probably duplicate of the above.
Ore beds, block and kidney, from 6 to 15 inches thick, rest-
  ing on clay containing black carbonaceous bands.
Sandstone.
Clay shale.
Shales and shaley sandstones, alternating with beds of sand-
  stone from 12 to 14 inches thick.

Top of sndstone above ore diggings, called "Little Block"
  ore.

Clay and micaceons sandy shale, exposed in ruts in the rcad.
Coal (7) dirt, covered by black bituminous shale.
Under clay.

Clay shale, with intercalated beds of muddy sandy shales.



Sandstone.
Quarry near Clerk's house.
Office door.



_iI
I,- t  

241   3

225 -3


2240 3

194   3
191   3


190



4
2
2

1-w
10



165
174
1611
152

146
141



103

93

_61-

56

35_



  Equivalent to the main ore beds of Raccoon and Buffaloe Furnaces; and the Buck Smith
and Red Banks of Lsurel Furnace.
  tEquivalent to the coal on Indian run-also, the coal at Caroline Furnace, and the upper
coal of Clinton Furnace.



I



I Uea 01 Dr.n.n.



__6   

 



              TOPOGR.APHICAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.                       433

N6. 5.  Sectionfrom the west side of Little Sandy river, starting at 174 feet of
  section No. 6, the bottom of this section being lilled from section taken on the
  east side of the river, at Dr. Spalding's coal, infirst hill south of Greenups-
  burg.



396   5        .   .25
                    23

tl-36-  S-  
33-6--     3
30J-1 I30' 6
         l   _


234  9 r =- ' 711 2


22d  9

216 j 9    t      1-  1 6

2131- 9             4219 1

                     26  5
171o




104  
103   4        9
104  7

     103 1 1 61


                     35
  7     _



Top of bill.
Coarse sandstone, containing pebbles and ferruginous bands,
  '-pot ore."
Sandy shales, and covered space.

Hard, coarse sandstone, weathering intosmall holes, "honey.
  comb sandstone."


Shaley sandstone and sandy shales, with interculated beds of
  S 6agstones."

Coarse sandstone, weathering ioto circular cacitLes 8 to 10
  feet deep.

Hard thick bedded sandstone.

Black bituminous shale, over 8 Inch coal.
Muddy mandy shales.

Sandstone, equivalent to that at 174 feet, in Sec. No. 6.

Covcred space, sandy and clay shales 7

Dove colored sandy shales.
Bituminous shales-
Coal.
Silicious under clay.

Sandy and clay shales.

Sandy and clay shales, with thin lagstones inkerealated, wIth
  a thin coal at Its base, I to 3 inches thick.
Fire clay, 7 to 10 feet thick, (road way.)

 



434            TOPOGRAPHICAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL BURVEY.

No. 6.   Section east side of Litle Sandy river starling at surfacc of pool,
                     8 /etl above low water of the Oh1io riter.






                              Top of hills on the eat side of Little Sandy river.


                     9 1   Sandaone.

P-     1                  1 Sandy shale, stained with ferGuginous matter.



Heavy sandstone.

Coarse sandstone, containing quauiz pebbles, especially at
  the junction of the beds; containiig also much "gal eve."


Coarse grey sandstone.

Covered space, composed of sandy and clay chals; 6 to 8
  feet of eandslone exposed at the base of the mass.

Soft sandstone, wethering into circular cavities. Equiva-
  lenot of rock at 234 feet, section No. 5.
Heary compact sandstone.

Black bituminous shale.
Thin conl, said tO be 8 inches thick.
Thin sandy halen, space p-rtiallv covered.
See section No. 5, for details of this apace.
Place of 174 feet in section No. 5.


Covered space, principally sbale and s.aley sandstone, with
  a Wile coal in the upper 50 feet. See sec. No. 5.
Road from Greenupsburg to Raccoon Furnace.
Covered space, shales and clay.



Knobstone in place-wedge shaped ledges.



'The millstone grit and sub-carboniferous limestone are both absent



377 1   !  
  3 1 1 ,...
352  -i I



1:i i
  1 j
  .15   9

- - -I --

10   2


-- --i
6.0I

  5    !

  10 i 2;



  66 1I


  ii  I  

101   8


1 43
I110 2



295, 1



in-i
20-6 il





  _I_
253 1 2






101 S  



- I   -

 



486



TOPOGRAPHICAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL BURVEY.

     No. 7. Section at Carolinc Furnace.



         3 Top of bills southwest of the furnace-the diving ridge be-
             ,tween Iudian creek, and the branches emptying into tbe


           Ro,,gh "s pbc Hill Block," 8 to 15 inches thick, under kidney


K 40 I    Shales and sandstone.

'o Covered space.

  5       Angillaceoun shale.
  1 o  I  Sort sandstone.

  10   8  Covered space, place of limestone ore, and limestone-

  10       Sandstone, probably slipped from above.

  10   8   Argillaceous sink.

  5       Bed of fire clay ()

          P!acc of ore bed at Steam Furnace, at 152 feet. See section
            No. 4. Equivalent to the main beds at Buffaloe and Rae-
            coon Furnaces.



         Ore diggins-no
o10 9      re," at 168 feet

15   S  Soft sandy sisles.

 1i;   Clay bed at base r
         Hlack claw bed, fre
36'      Place of CUebna F
         Sbale beds, and co



bed found, some loose ore fros "'limestons
8 inches.



"f '-bench."

im 2 to 4 feet thick.
Frraer awl ( )

need spaece.



4T7     I    LI' 4 il 9;137Sandstone.
       10                   Black shales
                             'Coal.

                   1 0      tunder clay-
        ,_           i     Sandv shales. Bed of branch at stack.

 -Equivalent to the Sar, 5ueam, and Clinlon Furnaces, and Indian creek ocal beds.



I  .  I
  Il   c

250  8 I -



I4t1 8l
i   !

      II



20U    8

194    8

j 89- - -8  

  li
158

141      1



_31 , 4



123   4


114 , e




  _ I _

 



436        TOPOGRAPUCAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL PU3V.

                      No. 8. Section at Clinton .Furnace.



   _  Q       _i


   66[

250   61 6     .  


243 6         2



2431 2        4

        10


167 i-2IYo Y-  22  
t  lo 6      2
          4       4'
59u  60 --          --




         I  i 9    I
         2 .2_._  

15  210
                      61



     IS1








     fl -.     _ y y  
1-6 2               1601
     I               _ _



  86 6Is              26

  60   6          .   17



  32             ,_.-

  =-2_1 _     _ yy, _  1



.0



     Top of hill north or furnace.

     Red clay.
     '`Top bill" sandstone, 8 to 10 feet thick, sometines filled
       with pebbles. B  rizon of pin, irma.
     "Top hill" ore, 8 to 15 inches thick.
     Sandstone.

     Yellow sandy shale.
 4  Sandstone.

 S  Sandy sbles.
     Fossiliferous sandstone, shella convered into lime. "Bastard
     Insetone."
     Sandy shale.
     Band of black argillaceous shale.

     Brownish red fire clay.

     j eWd blck ore," equivalent to limeetone ore of Steam, Caro-
 S     line, Belle Fone, and Laurel Furnaces, forming the so-
        called 15 feet red streak.

a 52dy shale.

     Band of red clay, probably slipped from above.

    Whitish argillaceous shale.
    Sandy shale.
  jQ  Sandy ehale.

  4  Sandstone.

    S Shaley sandstone.

  L'  Kidney, and '- stard lUneatane ore," 8 to 10 inches thick.

     Sandy shale.
     Sandstone, 18 inches thick.
     Sandy sbale.
     Sandstone, one foot thick.
     Sady shale.

  .4 Sandstone.



Little Bris Block."
Clay shale, roof of " Clinton coal."



  This section was given i; the first part of my reporL  It is again introduced for the pur.
pose of showing the change of eqivalent measuaes, in short distarnces.



L-  

 



TOPOGRAPHICAL BRPORT OF GEOLOGICAL SBURVEY.



437



20  I              - 2  4   Coal, equivalent to coal mined at fsrn.
18   6              2   6   Under clay.

16                          Sandy shale.
                    ___ 16  O  9Sandstone.
         0 0 0 ( i         Locally a bed of ironstone.
                    18  0 1_  18   Sandstone and sandy shale.

             1             Clay partiog.
                             Coal.cly
        __         --    -Under clay.


 -T'iscoal.,which is found in the cistern at ClintoL Furnace, is undoubtedly the equivalent
of the coal with the clay parting At Star Furnace, tbe lower coal At Cauletabeeg, the lower
coal at the William's creek Tunnel, snd the main Ashland coal.



No. 9. Section on Gum branch and Straight creek, Mount Savage Iron
                             Works, Carter county.



_'  . 2.  




3601  t             2 1

349!  80 Al'  4

339   4             48  

291   4             16,
       ..-I   .   _
275  4



2     4            1 10  8 I

-48   8   t l 11  4

224 14              1 I




21f 9                5  4
219                  5  4

    a-13 -8        21  4
              o  =l;  



Topof bill near iron road.
Clay on top of sandstone.

Heavy sandstone, equivalent of the saadstoae sapping sec.
  No. S.
Sandstone partially esposed.

Covered space, shale and clay beds.

Argillaceous shale, highest point in the road.

Red band of clay, place of ore bed, on the north side of the
  hill.

Wasted ore, yellow band of clay.
Clay.
Soft sandy shale.

Red band of clay.

Yellow band of clay.

Rough, or "blue blck osee."

Sandstone.

Loose kidney ore diggings.

Covered space-
Place of limestone ore

 



438



TOPOGRAPHICAL REPORT Or GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.



12 l              1116 - '.
                   I- -= l!6 Sandy ssales and soft sandstone.
ltU  lU    l       4   6   Bituminous shale.

1   4                 4   Black clay.

171         -                hitihb clay.
                           Covered space.

                 ,- -  Red clay.

        124f f    Pj12    Whitish clay.
                           Ore diggings.
 2f             110    8  Top of sandstone. l8 incbes thick.


        1114'   1 1   8 eTop of a sandstone 20 inches thick.
'91  8  : : :  
        ! !eigh ,  5   4 ! Three beds of black and wbite clsy, slternating.

     4          I       'Yellow sandy shale.
                 I lo  S  Bed of black clay. Coal
            l t Vihitec'.ay
8,              01    4  Sndy and clay shale.

6_  4         i           Bnd of yellow cay.
    __ --.        U'             4  Band of white cla-y.
57 1   1  
                   4   Ft T.o ledges ef Eandstone, 20 inches thick, over sbale.

     4 2          1       Two ledges or sandstone, 15 inches thick, over shsle.
                  !8 - 1  S indy shale.
          8            8S-osdy shale.

   io; w- l l Coveed space.
                          Bed of branch.
20                20      Sandstone.
                   G3 Grey shale.

                   2    I Bituminous shale.

27 '         j     2      C1oal.

29   6             2 2 6Under claU .




57   4 1 1_ 1  ,2a       Sandstone.
                57          6  

 



TOPOGRAPHICAL REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL BUBY E.



439



No. 10.    Section on   Whetstone creek, on     lands belonging    to t/hc Raccoon
                                 Furnace Company.




    24410                     Top or the hill.
244  lU           f-  
                     lo       Rougb coarse sandstone, containing quartz pebbles.
           Z-t 4  __        P Place of limnestone ore, equi,.let or the Baicr bank.
234 I 10                      Covered space, waste of hale beds, loose ore scattered over
                                _ __me surface.
07   2              21    6  Covered space, sandstones partiaIly exposed in be upper five
                          ;     feet.
18.5  8          r   10      Steep bank sandstone

    175   1----  -;43     2  Steep bank sandstones, partially exposed.

                     21   8   Covered space.
          -11 0-- -t-21 2  8  Covered space, occasionally exposing sbaley sandstone and
                                clay shale.
 88 1 6, 0 Q3 :3 2-2-        j Loose kidney ore, 3 to 5 inches thick.
                              Clrsv shale.
                     3 3 21  6 I Bed of ore, composed of three members.
                              Sandstone and sandy shale.

                     54       Covered space, sbale beds
 13 I    1 _    "     3 --    Coal 3 to 5 inches thick, imperfect.
                      3       Under clay.

                      o0 i  34 ol ;Iron ore, resting on the sub carbonliferous tlimestone.

          4   t     I   n1o Roks or the knobstone series.


  'This bed has a block from 6 to 14 inches thick lying above a flat kidney ore from 2 to 4 inch-
e thick, covered by a layer of kidney ore from 3 Lo 6 inches thick. Where this bed bad been
opened the layers of ore were quite regular.
  tThe rocth of be millstone grit series are absent.

 



440           TOPOGRAPHICAL RKPORT OF GEOLOOICAL SURVEY.

No. 11.    Section on the norlhwest side of Coal creek, on the lands of the
                          Raccoon Furnace Company.





299  11             59   1   Covened space, soRt materials.

    24  , =,_ i  : 449   5  Steep bench, probably sandstone.
199   8,            3
                    135 I   g Shale and clay slate.

161t  81      _l     3 1    Black bituminous shale wish 2 to 3 inches of coal.

15t   8             86    4  Steep slope, showing sandstone ledges at several points.

72   -4           10       Shale and rough thin bedded sandstone.

62   i       -        !     Place of ore bed.
           -_---gr 1l l     Cave sandstone of Coal creek.

 1    4.            13       Sandy shales, containing a few interrupted bands of Coal.

                    32   4 j Thin sandy shale imperfectly seen.
  6     l            4 I     Bed of fire clay.

                     2   i   Knob sandstone.
     ----  tT-  -R --BI 0
         i___           I__  Bed of Coal creek.
    = _    



'The beds of millstone grit and sub-carboniferous limestone are absent.

 



             TOPOGRAPHICAL XPORT OF GEOLOGICAL SURVTE.          441

No. I2. Sections exhibiting the changes in the character of the equivalent
  of the ore bed princvily rdied "pon for ores at Raccoon and Bufdo
  Furnaces. -bIland Bank," Buffalo Furnate.



6          Iis


    9 .  4
9  1 4


n 




      38 oo  



IV  


7

2





2

3

4

3

9



Top earth removed in mining.

Tbin lag sandstone.

Argillaoe.sa ferruginoum shale.

Muddy sadstone.

Tin bed of ore, 4vite ealcareous, containing eafrocuiess.

Sandy sandstone.

Ore bed in blocks.

Saud bed fro o2 ta 4 Inlhes thick.

"sRaa  blue Mck or."

Soft sandase, Whick bedded.



No. 12. (a)  " Dennis Sleridan's Bank,"'formerly the Bailey Bank, Bufa.
                                lo Furnace.



  .i

  . Y  



  I 0=1         ----Y -


_I Y- Y-.

10 eeP =---

    WE_"_yY_

_ _;7 __Y_  


         3



i


7





3



9



4


9



Tsp earth.

From 3 to 6 feet of argillaceous shale.



Kidney ore bed 3 to 6 inches.

Sandy Lhale.

Litle block ore, from S to 5 inches thick.

-Blue block" apparently first quality ironstone, rejected be.
cause of Its celor.


Sandstone, tsp ledges ver soft.



e.,


4
45

4

40

39

39

39

39


39-

_8  



-J





45


42


4'


39


38



-

 


442           TOPOGRAPHICAL UIPORT OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.


                   No. 12. (lQ)    Moran and Crump's Bank.






 49   6              4      Top earth removed by stripping.

 45   61
                          6  Bed of decomposed kidney ore.

  45       j          fi -
         i 0       i 3     i Fire clay of good quality.

  421
                      1      Reddis argillaceous shale.


                         i10 I'ddy sandstone.

  40   2  
                      2   2     lBlocks of brown ore containing oebreous specks.

   JI   _-l t;3i  
         -- -a.    38 --..   Sndstone.


   Tbe 26 inch bed is solid, of uniform testore throughout, it separates into two unequal prts
 bv a line parallel to neither face of the bed.



 No. 12. Qa.)     Buck Smith Bank," Laurd Fkrnace, between the main
                             forks of Oldtown creek.






  5S j s           t 5