xt7zcr5n9g1t_10 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7zcr5n9g1t/data/mets.xml https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7zcr5n9g1t/data/82m1.dao.xml Evans, Herndon J., 1895-1976 3.5 Cubic feet Herndon J. Evans, editor of the Pineville Sun in Bell County, Kentucky, closely followed labor unrest in the Kentucky coalfields, especially in Harlan and Bell Counties, during the early 1930s. The collection contains handbills, leaflets, pamphlets and newspaper clippings collected by Evans primarily from 1931-1933. Also included are handwritten notes, correspondence, and drafts of articles and editorials written by Evans as well as memorabilia such as Communist Party membership books and organizational charts. archival material English University of Kentucky This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed.  Permission must be received for subsequent distribution in print or electronically.  Physical rights are retained by the owning repository.  Copyright is retained in accordance with U. S. copyright laws.  For information about permissions to reproduce or publish, contact the Special Collections Research Center. Herndon J. Evans Collection Coal miners--Kentucky Coal mines and mining--Economic conditions. Communism--Kentucky. Editors--Kentucky. Pamphlets. Strikes and lockouts--Coal mining--Kentucky. July 1932 text July 1932 2012 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7zcr5n9g1t/data/82m1/82m1_1/82m1_1_10/121586/121586.pdf section false xt7zcr5n9g1t_10 xt7zcr5n9g1t ANNOUNCEMENT — STATION WINS
SATURDAY, JULX 9, 1952 » G:50~6;45 P.M.
INTRODUCTION -··~-·
At this time, this station, WINS, is pleased to present to its
radio audience the Rev. C. E. Vogel, of Harlan, Kentucky.
There has been so much discussion in reference to the situation
in the mining districts of Kentucky, that it will be enlightening to hear
from a first hand observer who lives at the scene, and who has a sympathetic
and unbiased attitude towards the problem.
The Rev. Mr. Vogel is pastor of the Methodist Church at Harlan,
and also chairman of the Harlan County Save the Children Fund Com ittee,
which is aiding the underprivileged children in this section; His subject
this evening will be: "The Harlan County Mining Situation from the Standpoint
of the Local Pastor".
The presentation will be in the form of "questions and answers"
the questions being asked by Mr. John R. Voris, Vice-President of the Save
the Children Fund of America.
CONCLUSION • •· ·——— ··
C You have just listened to the Rev. C. E. Vogel of Harlan, Kentucky
who brought you his first hand observations of the mining situation in
Kentucky.
. Mr. Vogel spoke under the auspices of the Save the Children
Fund for which he is chairman of the Harlan County Committee. The Save
the Children Fund of America a child welfase organization which has headquarters
at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, and which is a branch of the International
Save the Children Union, at Geneva, is at present supplying food, clothing
and health service to the underprivileged children in the stricken mining
districts.
Anyone who is interested in cooperating in this health service
may do so by addressing Rev. C. E. Vogel, at Harlan, Kentucky. Copies of
the speaker*s address may be obtained by writing to this station, or to the
Save the Children Fund of America, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.
*#**#*****

 RADIO ADDRESS   _ s'rA¤‘1¤¤ Willis
BY " " JULY 9, 1932
R9`V• Ce Ee VOSB].
Harlan, Kentucgy 6¢50·6:45 P.M.
I. QUESTION: Mr. Vogel, we have heard m eh of Harlan County?`Where is
Harlan County?
ANSWER: Harlan County is in the Southeastern tip of the State of
Kentucky, and can be reached by the Louisville and Nashville
Railroad, or by concrete road from U.S. Highway Number 25.
The County is about 13 miles wide and 35 miles long, comprising
484.5|aiquare miles or about 510,118.4 acres. It has a pop-
‘ ulation of 64,557.
2. QUESTION: Is it true that visitors from outside the county and state are
not welcome in Harlan County?
ANSWER: Only publicity seekers, agitators, extreme radicals and communists
are not made welcome in Harlan County. we have many visitors
from many places and all are treated with the greatest courtesy
and kindness. It is especially true that those who have any
desire to help in any way receive the utmest cooperation from
the citizens of the county. »
5. QUESTION: Is the strike still in progress in Harlan County?
ANSWERE: There is not now, nor has there been in the past two years, a
strike in Harlan County. Last spring the United Mine Workers
of America made an effort to organize the County. But organ-
izerx failed to get a sufficient number of members to gain
recognition by the National Organization.
4. QUESTION: Is it true that Communists have been active in Harlan County?
and what is the attitude of your people toward that activity?
ANSWER: Upon the failure of the United Mine Workers of America to organ-
ize the field, both the I;W.W. and the Com unist Organization
known as the National Miners Union came into the County to
organize. Many unemployed and some miners who had jobs, also
joined these organizations. But it must be said in all fairness
to truth, — that there never was a time in the past two years
that the operators of Harlan County did not have more men avail-
able clamoring for jobs, than they could use. The appeal to
force, and the use of arms to gain their ends, has been highly
objectionable to the rank and file of the County*s population.
5. QUESTION: What are the reasons given by the operators of the Harlan fields,
why they do not favor organized labor?
ANSWER: First, the freight differential which has been put upon the
Harlan field by the Interstate Commerce Commission. I am in-
formed that Harlan operators must pay from 10 to 35 cents per
ton more freight than other fields. For example, if the opera-
tors in the Ohio and Pennsylvania fields must pay $2.40 per ton
to ship coal to Toledo it would cost the Harlan operators $2.75
up per ton. To-any of the Eastern markets Harlan must pay from
\
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X

 Radio address - Mr. Vogel - page 2 _
25 to 30 cents mere per ton. This freight rate differential
makes it impossible for Harlan to pay the same wage scale
and compete in the markets with other fields. Another reason
given, is the objection to the type of leadership that has
been sent into Harlan County to organize the field.
Q. QUESTION: Is mining the sole industry in Harlan County, and how many
mines are there in Harlan County?
_ ANSWER: There are now 52 active mines — 8 temporarily closed down a-
waiting a pick—up in business, and 18 abandoned mines, only 4
of which have been completely worked out. It may be of interest
to know that in the past 12 months 3 mines were sold under court
judgment, 4 went into the hands of receivers, and 7 are closed
for lack of business.
7. QUESTION: We have heard much about unemployment in Harlan County. What
is the situation? How many men are out of employment in Harlan
County?
ANSWER: I would estimate that there are about 2,000 men who have ab-
solutely no employment, and those who are employed are working
only from one to six days. However, only about 500 of the
more than 7,000 men do have six days' work per week. There
are two types of mines in Harlan. One is called the "captive"
mine. This mine is owned and operated by a Company that Lpn umes
the coal dug in its own industry, for example the Uniteg Sggél
Corporation mines at Lynch and the Wisconsin Steel Corporation
mines at Benhama These mines have been running more regularly
than those getting out coal for the general market. Taking
all the mines of the County just now, they are running on about
30 to 52% time. To give you some idea of the decline in business
it will be of interest to know that in 1928 there were 12,000
miners employed in Harlan County; in 1951 there were 7,500. In
1928 there were 14,510,958 tons of coal dug; in l95l·9,104,851
tons were dug, — a decline of more than 5,000,000 tons. At the
peak of war prices coal sold at about $8.00 per ton for run of
mine. New the average at the mine for run of mine coal is
i about $1.10.
8. QUESTION: Just what are the companies doing to aid their men through this
crisis of depression and bad business?
ANSWER: Companies are advancing their men many thousands of dollars
through their com isaries. Hoping that business will pick up
enough later to enable the men to pay it back. If that should
` not happen, the companies, ofcourse, lose. Nearly every mining
company in Harlan County is going into the "red" now, on
operating expense.
9, QUESTION: What has been done for the relief of the unemployed in Harlan
County?
ANSWER: I have had the privilege of serving on the distribution committee
of the Harlan County Relief Association. we have received
\

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Radio address - Mr. Vogel · page 53
applications and investigated 1912 families. Of these,
l]4l0 received aid. 'In addition to these families 2,d0O'
other families received the Government flour distributed
by the American Red Cross. This made a total of 5,310
families, or about 19,550 men, women and children. More
than 1,215,757 pounds of food were distributed, thousands
of pieces of clothing, 2,500 packages of Red Cross garden
seeds were given away, and all this in addition to the work
of the Friends Society of the Quaker Church, who fed l000
children a meal a day. The agencies that made this very
Splendid piece of relief work possible were the American Red
Cross, local chapters in the State of Kentucky, the Save the
Children Fund. Local Kiwanis, and the Harlan County Local
Relief funds. These organizations distributed to the miners
of the County more than 45,000 dollars worth of relief.
10, QUESTION: Is there anything being done in the County now in the way of
` relief?
ANSWER: Yes, there is a rehabilitation program on in which the effort
is being made to help the unemployed to locate somewhere upon
garms. Money for transportation and several weeks food supply
are being provided for those who can better their conditions
by moving out of the county. There is also an effort being
made through the County Farm Agent and a Home Demonstrator,
to teach the ladies how to can and preserve and put up all
their garden surplus and wild berry crop.
II. QUESTION: What has been the attitude of the churches of Harlan relative to
the situation of need?
ANSWER: The church people have been by far the best givers to the Relief
Fund, Many of them.have given a full day's salary per month,
for the entire period of relief distribution · The Ladies' Aids
Societies of the churches met one day each week to make garments
for the needy. Almost every volunteer worker in the association
set·up was a church member and of the Listribution Committee
composed of four members three were ministers. These men gave
from four to six hours every vprking day to the Distribution of
Relief, paying their own travel expenses.
l2. QUESTION: What specific thing can be done by people who really want to help?
ANSWER: The Save the Children Fund of New York City is contemplating the
establishment of a Health Unit for Harlan County composed of a
Health Doctor, a health nurse, and a sanitary inspector. This
’program·will meet what many of us in Harlan believe to be the
_ County*s greatest need; We have in Harlan County 12,000
children under six years of age, many of them suffering from
under~nourishment and disease. ,There is no provision for
their health care, not even a health nurse and the financial con-
dition of the County will not permit of the work. Therefore,
I would suggest that those who desire to give effective aid, do
so through your organization - The Save the Children Fund, City
Hall, Harlan, Kentucky.

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; , . T. WARD HAVELY. VICE·FRESIDENT _ s Jp}-qu G, g;RAM5R A. R. MARSHALL {
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I5 r Jul 9 1932. =
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fi Mr. Herndon J. Evans, ` Q
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  } uGEI.1’]Y hir . Evans :- '*  
§j. _ Your excellent article—5HENTUCLY HITS COMhUNISM—— ‘ ‘;,
1§· which appeared, with illustrations, in the April issue of the Kentucky tt
51 Progress Magazine, covered the situation admirably. I have filed a copy Y;
{yy; of it in my scrapbook number 14 (my number 1 was started in ICS4) for {
§ e&· reference and preservation. j.
j§“ The mountain people have shown a wonderful amount of I,
QI patience under the circumstances, and in taking these "but-in—skys" to jg
j the border and inviting them to make themselves scarce, was a milder gg
r.] medicine than woyld have been dosed out to them if they had visited some *{
;» other localities and attempted to "carry on" as they attempted to do in tl
I yours and the Harlan communities. I feel that Kentucky and all other gi
it _ points approve of the course pursued by the mountain people in their Q1
i efforts to protect their interests as against the Communistic agitators, Q;
yy and trouble makers. . A - Q.
I I ;`
jj I wagsurprised to learn how widespread the falsehoods of Qt
]§ the agitators had been spread by them. I had a caller for information, RI
if from a tourist, yesterday, Jaturday 8th, for information on routing, Lex- :’
i; ington to Asheville, N. C. I gave him the desired informatiortjxnimmd. On
4} being shown the routing from Corbin thru Cumberland Gap, he saw Pineville ·
ii on the map. he asked this question: "ls it safe to pass thru Pineville-. I
i' now?". I wanted to cuss, but held in and tried to explain that it had never 3.
It been a bit_dangerous at any time to pass thru, stop over or remain for days‘ fi
I in that part of the mountains, or anywhere in S. E. Kentucky, for that ` I,
i_ matter; and that the whole noise and trouble and agitation xxx had been j
y caused by outsiders, including Communistic and other paid writers who wanted gy
§I to raise trouble or money for theirmisrepresentations, etc. This tourist _§;
Q, r was a member of the Automobile Club of »ichigan, and living at 927 Hancock j
  Avenue, Detroit Lich., his name is Charles E. Stone._ He used the routing I
Q thru Fineville, but t doubt that he stopped in the city or dallied a ;·
j minute. [
{ I hardly know what to sugaest, but think it would not be I'
I a bad idea to place some literature in the hands of the Automobile Clubs ‘
  of the North, advising as to paceable conditions etc., down that way, in-
I viting tourists to stop over in that section, etc. Might be well to drop
·a line to the Manager of the blue Crass Automobile Club, Lexington, ry.,
and the Quxhsxixndxxxtsmuhiisxdlmhxaxxdaxlan east Tennessee Automobile _
‘ Club, Knoxville, Tenn., and ask them to make a short statement of facts { >
· regarding the situation in your locality. I feel that they understand the;
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` DANVILLE • • RICHMOND • • SOMERSET ,
. " OFFICERS . DIRECTORS
‘ , w. sums? •v•u..wAn¤. vnzsmawr I     D. J. COFELAND W. ¤. FANT
. Y. WARD HAVELY. VICE-PRESIDENT Q S JOHN G. CRAMER A. R. MARSHALL
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. CHESTER D. SILVERS. LEGAL COUNSEL CCL. W. H. EDWARDS L. _` SHOUSL SR.
Q rl GLEN F. WEINMAN. BECRETARVJIANAGER   ` !   WILLIAM R. EMBRY  
3 . JULIA B. DIXON. ROUTING MANAGER   B. F'. EUBANK FRE;) 5, wgggg
;   COL. JAMES MARET. ASSY. ROUYING MANAGER ALVIN E. EVANS HORACE H. WILSON
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W} Herndon J. jvans-—page——2.
if a _ _ .
M5 state of affirs iown that way to be a gross misrepresentation gi by
tg Communistic agitators, etc. lf you should get up any literature on
 W the subject, you can secure the ailresses of the various Automobile I
ii , ,` _ __ . T · . _ ~ _
W¤ Clubs in the U.s. that are affilliated with the A. A. A. (American
gv? Automobile Association, whose headquarters are at Washington, U. CJ, §
{Q by asking the anoxville Club, Phe Blue Grass Club at Lexington, or
ig Ihe Cincinnati Automobile Club. j
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Q With beast wishes, I remain
hg Sincerely Yours Q
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. (I Spent 40 years of my life at hount Vernon, g
  Rockoastle county, ani feel like one of the
, citizens of the mountains. _
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